Titanium perchlorate, or more precisely titanium(IV) perchlorate, is a molecular compound of
titanium
Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...
and
perchlorate groups with formula Ti(ClO
4)
4. Anhydrous titanium perchlorate decomposes explosively at 130 °C and melts at 85 °C with a slight decomposition. It sublimes in a vacuum as low as 70 °C. Being a molecular with four perchlorate ligands, it is an unusual example of a
transition metal perchlorate complex.
Properties
:
left, 200px, packing of molecules in the crystal.
In Ti(ClO
4)
4, the four perchlorate groups binds as
bidentate ligands. Thus the Ti center is bound to eight oxygen atoms.
So the molecule could also be called tetrakis(perchlorato-''O'',''O)titanium(IV).
In the solid form it forms monoclinic crystals, with unit cell parameters a=12.451 b=7.814 c=12.826 Å α=108.13. Unit cell volume is 1186 Å
3 at -100 °C. There are four molecules per unit cell.
It reacts with
petrolatum
Petroleum jelly, petrolatum (), white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a Topical medication, topica ...
,
nitromethane,
acetonitrile
Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not class ...
,
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide, DMF is an organic compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for 2,5-dimethylfuran, dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liqui ...
, and over 25° with
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, recognised by the IUPAC), is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It is a n ...
.
Titanyl perchlorate form solvates with water,
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula . This colorless liquid is the sulfoxide most widely used commercially. It is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is ...
,
dioxane,
pyridine-N-oxide, and
quinoline-N-oxide.
Thermolysis of titanium perchlorate gives TiO
2, ClO
2 and dioxygen O
2 The titanyl species TiO(ClO
4)
2 is an intermediate in this decomposition.
:Ti(ClO
4)
4 → TiO
2 + 4ClO
2 + 3O
2 ΔH = .
Formation
Titanium perchlorate can be formed by reacting
titanium tetrachloride
Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. is a volatile liquid. Upon contact with humid air, it forms thick clouds o ...
with
perchloric acid enriched in
dichlorine heptoxide.
Another way uses titanium tetrachloride with
dichlorine hexoxide. This forms a complex with Cl
2O
6 which when warmed to 55° in a vacuum, sublimes and can crystallise the pure anhydrous product from the vapour.
[
]
Related
In the salt dicaesium hexaperchloratotitanate, Cs2Ti(ClO4)6 the perchlorate groups are monodentate, connected by one oxygen to titanium.
Titanium perchlorate can also form complexes with other ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's el ...
s bound to the titanium atom including binol, and gluconic acid.
A polymeric oxychlorperchlorato compound of titanium, Ti6O4Clx(ClO4)16−x, is made from excess TiCl4 and dichlorine hexoxide. This has a varying composition, and ranges from light to dark yellow.
References
{{perchlorates
Perchlorates
Titanium(IV) compounds