Tin (
50Sn) is the element with
the greatest number of stable isotopes (ten; three of them are potentially radioactive but have not been observed to decay). This is probably related to the fact that 50 is a "
magic number" of protons. In addition, 32 unstable tin isotopes are known, including tin-100 (
100Sn) (discovered in 1994) and tin-132 (
132Sn), which are both "
doubly magic". The longest-lived tin radioisotope is tin-126 (
126Sn), with a half-life of 230,000 years. The other 28 radioisotopes have half-lives of less than a year.
List of isotopes
, -id=Tin-98
,
98Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 48
,
,
,
,
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-99
, rowspan=2,
99Sn
[Heaviest known nuclide with more protons than neutrons]
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 49
, rowspan=2, 98.94850(63)#
, rowspan=2, 24(4) ms
,
β+ (95%)
,
99In
, rowspan=2, 9/2+#
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+,
p (5%)
,
98Cd
, -id=Tin-100
, rowspan=2,
100Sn
[Heaviest nuclide with equal numbers of protons and neutrons with no observed α decay]
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2, 99.93865(26)
, rowspan=2, 1.18(8) s
, β
+ (>83%)
,
100In
, rowspan=2, 0+
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+, p (<17%)
,
99Cd
, -id=Tin-101
, rowspan=2,
101Sn
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 51
, rowspan=2, 100.93526(32)
, rowspan=2, 2.22(5) s
, β
+
,
101In
, rowspan=2, (7/2+)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+, p?
,
100Cd
, -id=Tin-102
,
102Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 52
, 101.93029(11)
, 3.8(2) s
, β
+
,
102In
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-102m
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
102mSn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2017(2) keV
, 367(8) ns
,
IT
,
102Sn
, (6+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-103
, rowspan=2,
103Sn
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 53
, rowspan=2, 102.92797(11)#
, rowspan=2, 7.0(2) s
, β
+ (98.8%)
,
103In
, rowspan=2, 5/2+#
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+, p (1.2%)
,
102Cd
, -id=Tin-104
,
104Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 54
, 103.923105(6)
, 20.8(5) s
, β
+
,
104In
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-105
, rowspan=2,
105Sn
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 55
, rowspan=2, 104.921268(4)
, rowspan=2, 32.7(5) s
, β
+
,
105In
, rowspan=2, (5/2+)
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+, p (0.011%)
,
104Cd
, -id=Tin-106
,
106Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 56
, 105.916957(5)
, 1.92(8) min
, β
+
,
106In
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-107
,
107Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 57
, 106.915714(6)
, 2.90(5) min
, β
+
,
107In
, (5/2+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-108
,
108Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 58
, 107.911894(6)
, 10.30(8) min
, β
+
,
108In
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-109
,
109Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 59
, 108.911293(9)
, 18.1(2) min
, β
+
,
109In
, 5/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-110
,
110Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 60
, 109.907845(15)
, 4.154(4) h
,
EC
,
110In
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-111
,
111Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 61
, 110.907741(6)
, 35.3(6) min
, β
+
,
111In
, 7/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-111m
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
111mSn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 254.71(4) keV
, 12.5(10) μs
, IT
,
111Sn
, 1/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-112
,
112Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 62
, 111.9048249(3)
, colspan=3 align=center,
Observationally Stable
Stable nuclides are isotopes of a chemical element whose nucleons are in a configuration that does not permit them the surplus energy required to produce a radioactive emission. The nuclei of such isotopes are not radioactive and unlike radionuc ...
[Believed to decay by β+β+ to 112Cd]
, 0+
, 0.0097(1)
,
, -id=Tin-113
,
113Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 63
, 112.9051759(17)
, 115.08(4) d
, β
+
,
113In
, 1/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-113m
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
113mSn
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 77.389(19) keV
, rowspan=2, 21.4(4) min
,
IT (91.1%)
,
113Sn
, rowspan=2, 7/2+
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
+ (8.9%)
,
113In
, -id=Tin-114
,
114Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 64
, 113.90278013(3)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 0+
, 0.0066(1)
,
, -id=Tin-114m
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
114mSn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3087.37(7) keV
, 733(14) ns
, IT
,
114Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-115
,
115Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 65
, 114.903344695(16)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 1/2+
, 0.0034(1)
,
, -id=Tin-115m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
115m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 612.81(4) keV
, 3.26(8) μs
, IT
,
115Sn
, 7/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-115m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
115m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 713.64(12) keV
, 159(1) μs
, IT
,
115Sn
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-116
,
116Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 66
, 115.90174283(10)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 0+
, 0.1454(9)
,
, -id=Tin-116m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
116m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2365.975(21) keV
, 348(19) ns
, IT
,
116Sn
, 5−
,
,
, -id=Tin-116m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
116m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3547.16(17) keV
, 833(30) ns
, IT
,
116Sn
, 10+
,
,
, -id=Tin-117
,
117Sn
[ Fission product]
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 67
, 116.90295404(52)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 1/2+
, 0.0768(7)
,
, -id=Tin-117m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
117m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 314.58(4) keV
, 13.939(24) d
, IT
,
117Sn
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-117m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
117m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2406.4(4) keV
, 1.75(7) μs
, IT
,
117Sn
, (19/2+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-118
,
118Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 68
, 117.90160663(54)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 0+
, 0.2422(9)
,
, -id=Tin-118m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
118m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2574.91(4) keV
, 230(10) ns
, IT
,
118Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-118m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
118m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3108.06(22) keV
, 2.52(6) μs
, IT
,
118Sn
, (10+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-119
,
119Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 69
, 118.90331127(78)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 1/2+
, 0.0859(4)
,
, -id=Tin-119m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
119m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 89.531(13) keV
, 293.1(7) d
, IT
,
119Sn
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-119m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
119m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2127.0(10) keV
, 9.6(12) μs
, IT
,
119Sn
, (19/2+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-119m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
119m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2369.0(3) keV
, 96(9) ns
, IT
,
119Sn
, 23/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-120
,
120Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 70
, 119.90220256(99)
, colspan=3 align=center, Stable
, 0+
, 0.3258(9)
,
, -id=Tin-120m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
120m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2481.63(6) keV
, 11.8(5) μs
, IT
,
120Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-120m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
120m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2902.22(22) keV
, 6.26(11) μs
, IT
,
120Sn
, 10+
,
,
, -id=Tin-121
,
121Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 71
, 120.9042435(11)
, 27.03(4) h
, β
−
,
121Sb
, 3/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-121m1
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
121m1Sn
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 6.31(6) keV
, rowspan=2, 43.9(5) y
, IT (77.6%)
,
121Sn
, rowspan=2, 11/2−
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
− (22.4%)
,
121Sb
, -id=Tin-121m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
121m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1998.68(13) keV
, 5.3(5) μs
, IT
,
121Sn
, 19/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-121m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
121m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2222.0(2) keV
, 520(50) ns
, IT
,
121Sn
, 23/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-121m4
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
121m4Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2833.9(2) keV
, 167(25) ns
, IT
,
121Sn
, 27/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-122
,
122Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 72
, 121.9034455(26)
, colspan=3 align=center, Observationally Stable
[Believed to undergo β−β− decay to 122Te]
, 0+
, 0.0463(3)
,
, -id=Tin-122m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
122m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2409.03(4) keV
, 7.5(9) μs
, IT
,
122Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-122m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
122m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2765.5(3) keV
, 62(3) μs
, IT
,
122Sn
, 10+
,
,
, -id=Tin-122m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
122m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4721.2(3) keV
, 139(9) ns
, IT
,
122Sn
, 15−
,
,
, -id=Tin-123
,
123Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 73
, 122.9057271(27)
, 129.2(4) d
, β
−
,
123Sb
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-123m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
123m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 24.6(4) keV
, 40.06(1) min
, β
−
,
123Sb
, 3/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-123m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
123m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1944.90(12) keV
, 7.4(26) μs
, IT
,
123Sn
, 19/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-123m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
123m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2152.66(19) keV
, 6 μs
, IT
,
123Sn
, 23/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-123m4
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
123m4Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2712.47(21) keV
, 34 μs
, IT
,
123Sn
, 27/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-124
,
124Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 74
, 123.9052796(14)
, colspan=3 align=center, Observationally Stable
[Believed to undergo β−β− decay to 124Te with a half-life over 1×1017 years]
, 0+
, 0.0579(5)
,
, -id=Tin-124m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2204.620(23) keV
, 270(60) ns
, IT
,
124Sn
, 5-
,
,
, -id=Tin-124m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2324.96(4) keV
, 3.1(5) μs
, IT
,
124Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-124m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2656.6(3) keV
, 51(3) μs
, IT
,
124Sn
, 10+
,
,
, -id=Tin-124m4
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
124m4Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4552.4(3) keV
, 260(25) ns
, IT
,
124Sn
, 15−
,
,
, -id=Tin-125
,
125Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 75
, 124.9077894(14)
, 9.634(15) d
, β
−
,
125Sb
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-125m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
125m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 27.50(14) keV
, 9.77(25) min
, β
−
,
125Sb
, 3/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-125m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
125m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1892.8(3) keV
, 6.2(2) μs
, IT
,
125Sn
, 19/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-125m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
125m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2059.5(4) keV
, 650(60) ns
, IT
,
125Sn
, 23/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-125m4
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
125m4Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2623.5(5) keV
, 230(17) ns
, IT
,
125Sn
, 27/2−
,
,
, -
,
126Sn
[ Long-lived fission product]
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 76
, 125.907658(11)
, 2.30(14)×10
5 y
, β
−
,
126Sb
, 0+
, < 10
−14
,
, -id=Tin-126m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
126m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2218.99(8) keV
, 6.1(7) μs
, IT
,
126Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-126m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
126m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2564.5(5) keV
, 7.6(3) μs
, IT
,
126Sn
, 10+
,
,
, -id=Tin-126m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
126m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4347.4(4) keV
, 114(2) ns
, IT
,
126Sn
, 15−
,
,
, -id=Tin-127
,
127Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 77
, 126.9103917(99)
, 2.10(4) h
, β
−
,
127Sb
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-127m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
127m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 5.07(6) keV
, 4.13(3) min
, β
−
,
127Sb
, 3/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-127m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
127m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1826.67(16) keV
, 4.52(15) μs
, IT
,
127Sn
, 19/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-127m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
127m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1930.97(17) keV
, 1.26(15) μs
, IT
,
127Sn
, (23/2+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-127m4
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
127m4Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2552.4(10) keV
, 250 (30) ns
, IT
,
127Sn
, (27/2−)
,
,
, -id=Tin-128
,
128Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 78
, 127.910508(19)
, 59.07(14) min
, β
−
,
128Sb
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-128m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
128m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2091.50(11) keV
, 6.5(5) s
, IT
,
128Sn
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-128m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
128m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2491.91(17) keV
, 2.91(14) μs
, IT
,
128Sn
, 10+
,
,
, -id=Tin-128m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
128m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4099.5(4) keV
, 220(30) ns
, IT
,
128Sn
, (15−)
,
,
, -id=Tin-129
,
129Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 79
, 128.913482(19)
, 2.23(4) min
, β
−
,
129Sb
, 3/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-129m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 35.15(5) keV
, 6.9(1) min
, β
−
,
129Sb
, 11/2−
,
,
, -id=Tin-129m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1761.6(10) keV
, 3.49(11) μs
, IT
,
129Sn
, (19/2+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-129m3
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m3Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1802.6(10) keV
, 2.22(13) μs
, IT
,
129Sn
, 23/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-129m4
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
129m4Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2552.9(11) keV
, 221(18) ns
, IT
,
129Sn
, (27/2−)
,
,
, -id=Tin-130
,
130Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 80
, 129.9139745(20)
, 3.72(7) min
, β
−
,
130Sb
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-130m1
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
130m1Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1946.88(10) keV
, 1.7(1) min
, β
−
,
130Sb
, 7−
,
,
, -id=Tin-130m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
130m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2434.79(12) keV
, 1.501(17) μs
, IT
,
130Sn
, (10+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-131
,
131Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 81
, 130.917053(4)
, 56.0(5) s
, β
−
,
131Sb
, 3/2+
,
,
, -id=Tin-131m1
, rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" ,
131m1Sn
, rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 65.1(3) keV
, rowspan=2, 58.4(5) s
, β
−
,
131Sb
, rowspan=2, 11/2−
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, IT?
,
131Sn
, -id=Tin-131m2
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
131m2Sn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4670.0(4) keV
, 316(5) ns
, IT
,
131Sn
, (23/2−)
,
,
, -id=Tin-132
,
132Sn
, style="text-align:right" , 50
, style="text-align:right" , 82
, 131.9178239(21)
, 39.7(8) s
, β
−
,
132Sb
, 0+
,
,
, -id=Tin-132m
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
132mSn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 4848.52(20) keV
, 2.080(16) μs
, IT
,
132Sn
, 8+
,
,
, -id=Tin-133
, rowspan=2,
133Sn
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 83
, rowspan=2, 132.9239138(20)
, rowspan=2, 1.37(7) s
, β
− (99.97%)
,
133Sb
, rowspan=2, 7/2−
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
− n (.0294%)
,
132Sb
, -id=Tin-134
, rowspan=2,
134Sn
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 84
, rowspan=2, 133.928680(3)
, rowspan=2, 0.93(8) s
, β
− (83%)
,
134Sb
, rowspan=2, 0+
, rowspan=2,
, rowspan=2,
, -
, β
−n (17%)
,
133Sb
, -id=Tin-134m
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
134mSn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1247.4(5) keV
, 87(8) ns
, IT
,
134Sn
, 6+
,
,
, -id=Tin-135
, rowspan=3,
135Sn
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 85
, rowspan=3, 134.934909(3)
, rowspan=3, 515(5) ms
, β
− (79%)
,
135Sb
, rowspan=3, 7/2−#
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, β
−n (21%)
,
134Sb
, -
, β
−2n?
,
133Sb
, -id=Tin-136
, rowspan=3,
136Sn
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 86
, rowspan=3, 135.93970(22)#
, rowspan=3, 355(18) ms
, β
− (72%)
,
136Sb
, rowspan=3, 0+
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, β
−n (28%)
,
135Sb
, -
, β
−2n?
,
134Sb
, -id=Tin-137
, rowspan=3,
137Sn
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 87
, rowspan=3, 136.94616(32)#
, rowspan=3, 249(15) ms
, β
− (52%)
,
137Sb
, rowspan=3, 5/2−#
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, β
−n (48%)
,
136Sb
, -
, β
−2n?
,
135Sb
, -id=Tin-138
, rowspan=3,
138Sn
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 88
, rowspan=3, 137.95114(43)#
, rowspan=3, 148(9) ms
, β
− (64%)
,
138Sb
, rowspan=3, 0+
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, β
−n (36%)
,
137Sb
, -
, β
−2n?
,
136Sb
, -id=Tin-138m
, style="text-indent:1em" ,
138mSn
, colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1344(2) keV
, 210(45) ns
, IT
,
138Sn
, (6+)
,
,
, -id=Tin-139
, rowspan=3,
139Sn
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 89
, rowspan=3, 138.95780(43)#
, rowspan=3, 120(38) ms
, β
−
,
139Sb
, rowspan=3, 5/2−#
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, β
−n?
,
138Sb
, -
, β
−2n?
,
137Sb
, -id=Tin-140
, rowspan=3,
140Sn
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 50
, rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 90
, rowspan=3, 139.96297(32)#
, rowspan=3, 50# ms
550 ns, β
−?
,
140Sb
, rowspan=3, 0+
, rowspan=3,
, rowspan=3,
, -
, β
−n?
,
139Sb
, -
, β
−2n?
,
138Sb
Tin-117m
Tin-117m is a radioisotope of tin. One of its uses is in a particulate suspension to treat canine synovitis (radiosynoviorthesis).
Tin-121m
Tin-121m (
121mSn) is a radioisotope and
nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy excited state levels (higher energy levels). "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have Half-life, half-lives of ...
of tin with a
half-life Half-life is a mathematical and scientific description of exponential or gradual decay.
Half-life, half life or halflife may also refer to:
Film
* Half-Life (film), ''Half-Life'' (film), a 2008 independent film by Jennifer Phang
* ''Half Life: ...
of 43.9 years.
In a normal
thermal reactor, it has a very low
fission product yield; thus, this isotope is not a significant contributor to
nuclear waste
Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. It is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear power generation, nuclear decommissioning, rare-earth mining, and nuclear ...
.
Fast fission
Fast fission is fission that occurs when a heavy atom absorbs a high-energy neutron, called a fast neutron, and splits. Most fissionable materials need thermal neutrons, which move more slowly.
Fast reactors vs. thermal reactors
Fast neutron r ...
or fission of some heavier
actinides will produce tin-121 at higher yields. For example, its yield from uranium-235 is 0.0007% per thermal fission and 0.002% per fast fission.
[M. B. Chadwick et al, "Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) : ENDF/B-VII.1: Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields, and Decay Data", Nucl. Data Sheets 112(2011)2887. (accessed at https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm)]
Tin-126
Tin-126 is a
radioisotope
A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ...
of tin and one of the only seven
long-lived fission products of uranium and plutonium. While tin-126's
half-life Half-life is a mathematical and scientific description of exponential or gradual decay.
Half-life, half life or halflife may also refer to:
Film
* Half-Life (film), ''Half-Life'' (film), a 2008 independent film by Jennifer Phang
* ''Half Life: ...
of 230,000 years translates to a low
specific activity
Specific activity (symbol ''a'') is the activity per unit mass of a radionuclide and is a physical property of that radionuclide.
It is usually given in units of becquerel per kilogram (Bq/kg), but another commonly used unit of specific activi ...
of gamma radiation, its short-lived
decay product
In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps ( d ...
s, two
isomers
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. ''Isomerism'' refers to the existence or possibili ...
of
antimony-126, emit a cascade of hard
gamma radiation
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from high energy interactions like the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei or astronomical events like solar flares. It consists o ...
- at least 3 photons over 400 keV per decay - before reaching stable tellurium-126, making external exposure to tin-126 a potential concern.
Tin-126 is in the middle of the mass range for fission products. Thermal reactors, which make up almost all current
nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power st ...
s, produce it at only low yield, since
slow neutrons almost always fission
235U or
239Pu into unequal halves. Fast fission in a
fast reactor or
nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission or atomic bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear weapon), producing a nuclear exp ...
, or fission of some heavy
minor actinides such as
californium
Californium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cf and atomic number 98. It was first synthesized in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) by bombarding curium with al ...
, will produce it at higher yields.
ANL factsheet
See also
Daughter products other than tin
*
Isotopes of antimony
*
Isotopes of indium
*
Isotopes of cadmium
References
* Isotope masses from:
**
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
**
**
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from:
**
**
**
{{Navbox element isotopes
Tin
Tin