''Tierra y Libertad'' ('Land and Freedom') is an

anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...

periodical active in various incarnations. Initially published in

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

, it was later published in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

by Spanish exiles.

As an anarchist magazine

In 1888, a periodical named ''Tierra y Libertad'' started being published in Gracia by Sebastián Suñé on a biweekly basis, but its circulation was very low. Without apparent continuity with the previous newspaper, a periodical with the same name started being published again in

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

, from May 20, 1899 firstly as a supplement to ''

La Revista Blanca ''La Revista Blanca'' was a Spanish individualist anarchist magazine of sociology and arts published in Madrid by Joan Montseny (Federico Urales) and Teresa Mañé (Soledad Gustavo) from 1898 to 1905 and in Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) i ...

'' and two years later independently. It was directed by Federico Urales, González Solá and Saavedra in its first decade and editors included Rafael Urbano, Pahissa, Rodríguez Romero, Urales, Eliseo Reclus, Charles Malato and others. It was published on a weekly basis, although in 1903 it temporarily became daily. It moved to

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

in 1906, where it was published quite continuously until 1919, when it was suppressed. It reappeared in 1923 but was suppressed again by the

dictatorship of Primo de Rivera General Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorship over Spain began with a coup on 13 September 1923 and ended with his resignation on 28 January 1930. It took place during the wider reign of King Alfonso XIII. In establishing his dictatorship, ...

As an organ of FAI

''Tierra y Libertad'' reappeared in 1930 in Valencia edited by the

Federación Anarquista Ibérica The Iberian Anarchist Federation (, FAI) is a Spanish anarchist organization. Due to its close relation with the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) anarcho-syndicalist union, it is often abbreviated as CNT-FAI. The FAI publishes the pe ...

(FAI). It was suspended and relaunched many times due to government persecution. In April 1931 it bore the subtitle ''Órgano de la revolución social de España (Organ of the social revolution in Spain''). It contained various opinion articles, mostly on current affairs, as well as information on events and publications on libertarian issues. The magazine, like all anarchist publications, was self-managed by the FAI, refusing to receive subsidies from the State or institutions. In the 1930s it was one of the most widely read newspapers in Spain, with a circulation that reached 30,000 copies, the largest for a political press organ. It stopped coming out after the end of the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

(during the war it was published as a newspaper). Ramón Rufat started publishing it clandestinely from 1944 in Madrid and Barcelona. Since its relaunch in Spain in 1977 (after the

Francoist dictatorship Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death i ...

) it is published in a monthly basis.

In Mexico

Between 1944 and 1988 it was also edited and published in Mexico by exiled Spanish anarchists.

External links

Historical archive of the newspaper (1904-1939)

References

{{Authority control Defunct newspapers published in Spain Anarchist periodicals Newspapers established in 1888 1888 establishments in Spain Defunct newspapers published in Mexico