Thomas Lewis Ingram (1807 – 1868) was a British merchant who served as the acting colonial governor of the Gambia on five occasions.

Early life and education

Ingram was born in

Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

, the son of a linen draper, and brought up in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

. He first traveled to

West Africa West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations geoscheme for Africa#Western Africa, United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Gha ...

in 1822, working in

Senegal Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ...

as a shop boy before moving to Bathurst,

the Gambia The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. Geographically, The Gambia is the List of African countries by area, smallest country in continental Africa; it is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except for ...

Merchant and government career

Ingram initially worked in Bathurst for a British merchant, Edward Bocock. However, he soon entered colonial service as first writer in the colonial secretary's office in 1826. He returned to trade, initially with success, but by the early 1830s he had fallen into debt and returned to government employment. In April 1834, he was appointed as director of the Liberated Africans Department. Following the yellow fever epidemic of April 1837, which killed George Rendall, the Lieutenant Governor, and Andrew Hunter, the Colonial Secretary, Anthony Clogstoun became the acting Lieutenant Governor. Clogstoun appointed Ingram as the acting Colonial Secretary. Ingram was also simultaneously appointed as the acting

Queen's Advocate The King's Advocate (or Queen's Advocate when the monarch was female) was one of the Law Officers of the Crown. He represented the Crown in the ecclesiastical courts of the Church of England, where cases were argued not by barristers but by advo ...

, due to the lack of European officials. When William Mackie, then-Lieutenant Governor, died in September 1839, Ingram became the acting Lieutenant Governor. Ingram reverted to being Colonial Secretary when Henry Huntley arrived in April 1840 but took over government again when Huntley departed in May 1841. Ingram retained the post until the first Governor of the Gambia arrived in April 1843, Henry Seagram. Ingram became acting Governor after Seagram's death in August 1843, serving until Charles FitzGerald arrived in August 1844. During the early 1840s, Ingram clashed with British merchants in the Gambia, including Thomas Brown and John Hughes. Brown and Hughes accused Ingram of exerting official pressure on the courts through his younger brother, Alexander, who was a judge, and his friend, John Mantell, who was the Queen's Advocate. Ingram was passed over as Governor proper by

Richard Graves MacDonnell Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell (; 3 September 1814 – 5 February 1881) was an Anglo-Irish lawyer, judge and colonial governor. His posts as governor included Governor of the British Settlements in West Africa, Governor of Saint Vincent, Gov ...

in 1847. His relationship with the governor frayed, and in 1849 he wrote to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Earl Grey, to investigate MacDonnell's conduct. However, Grey dismissed him in September 1849 for mishandling public accounts, ending Ingram's public career. Rather than returning to England, Ingram stayed in the Gambia and turned to trade. However, on a visit to England in 1860, he was declared bankrupt. He returned to the Gambia, finally leaving in 1866. He died in 1868.

Personal life and life

Ingram's younger brother, Alexander, joined the Gambian administration in the early 1840s, serving as

, then Assistant Judge, then a clerk in the Customs Department, before drowning in 1849. Ingram's son, Thomas Lewis Ingram, went on to have an illustrious legal career. He was appointed as Queen's Advocate and Police Magistrate in the Gambia in April 1863. He was called to the bar in England in 1867, and went on to serve as a successful barrister in West Africa and India. This Ingram had three children. The eldest, also named Thomas Lewis Ingram (1875-1916) was educated at

Monkton Combe School Monkton Combe School is a public school ( fee-charging boarding and day school), in the village of Monkton Combe near Bath in Somerset, England. History Monkton Combe School was founded in 1868 by the Revd. Francis Pocock, a former curate ...

together with his brothers George and James. He was a barrister of Middle Temple and in 1909 married Lilian Donnithorne. His third child was James Skinner Ingram, who also became a barrister of Middle Temple. In 1909, he married Loveday Isabel Donnithorne, the sister of Lilian. In 1912, his daughter, Victoria Catherine Ingram, married Harold Edward Donnithorne, the brother of Lilian and Loveday. Thomas Lewis Ingram, as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, was killed in France on 16 September 1916. He had been awarded the Military Cross and the Distinguished Service Order.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingram, Thomas Lewis Governors of the Gambia 1807 births 1868 deaths