ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
es in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Terapontidae (also spelled Teraponidae, Theraponidae or Therapontidae). This family is part of the superfamily
Percoidea
Percomorpha () is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish) known from both marine and fresh ...
of the
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
...
Perciformes
Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...
.
Characteristics
The Terapontidae is a large family of small to medium-sized perciform fishes which occur in marine, brackish and fresh waters in the
Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
region. They are characterised by a single long-based dorsal fin which has a notch marking the boundary between the spiny and soft-rayed portions. They have small to moderate-sized scales, a continuous
lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelia ...
reaching the caudal fin, and most species lack teeth on the roof of the mouth. The marine species are found in inshore sea and brackish waters, some species are able to enter extremely saline and fresh waters. In Australia and
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...
there are a number of species restricted to fresh water.
Classification
The following genera are classified within the family Terpontidae:
* ''
Amniataba
''Amniataba'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae, that includes three species, with two being found in Oceania
Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polyn ...
Bidyanus
''Bidyanus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes, from the family Terapontidae, the grunters and tigerperches. They are freshwater species which are endemic to Australia.
Species
There are two species in the genus ''Bidyanus'':
* ''Bidyanus bidyanu ...
Hannia
Greenway's grunter (''Hannia greenwayi'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a grunter from the family Terapontidae. It is endemic to the northern part of Western Australia.
Description
Greenway's grunter is a small, slender golden to ...
''
Vari
Vari () is a southern suburb of Athens and former municipality in East Attica, Greece along the Athens coast. The ancient Athenian deme of Anagyrous was situated here.
Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Vari-Vo ...
Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...
, 1829
* ''
Hephaestus
Hephaestus ( , ; wikt:Hephaestus#Alternative forms, eight spellings; ) is the Greek god of artisans, blacksmiths, carpenters, craftsmen, fire, metallurgy, metalworking, sculpture and volcanoes.Walter Burkert, ''Greek Religion'' 1985: III.2. ...
''
De Vis
Charles Walter de Vis (9 May 1829 – 30 April 1915) —
Lagusia
''Lagusia micracanthus'' is a species of ray-finned fish from the grunter family, Terapontidae, and the only member of the genus ''Lagusia''. It is endemic to rivers, both large and small, in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Vari, P.R.; and Hadiaty, K.R ...
'' Vari 1978
* ''
Leiopotherapon
''Leiopotherapon'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae, the grunters. Three species are endemic to Australia, while ''L. plumbeus'' is from the Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines ...
Mesopristes
''Mesopristes'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae, the grunters. They are found in fresh, brackish and marine waters near the coast in the Indo-Pacific region.
Species
Species include:Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Mesopris ...
Pelates
''Pelates'', is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae, containing 3 species.
Species
* ''Pelates octolineatus'' (Leonard Jenyns, Jenyns, 1840) (western striped trumpeter)
* ''Pelates qinglanensis'' (Sun Bao-Ling, Sun, 1991)
* ' ...
'' Cuvier, 1829
* ''
Pelsartia
The sea trumpeter (''Pelsartia humeralis'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunter from the family Terapontidae. It is endemic to the southeastern Indian Ocean off the southwestern coats of Australia.
Description
The sea trumpeter has ...
'' Whitley, 1943
* ''
Pingalla
''Pingalla'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae. These fish are native to northern Australia, but one species is also known from New Guinea.
Species include:
*'' Pingalla gilberti'' (Whitley, 1955) - Gilbert's gr ...
'' Whitley, 1955
* ''
Rhynchopelates
The sharpbeak terapon (''Rhynchopelates oxyrhynchus'') is a species of ray-finned fish, a grunter from the family Terapontidae. It is found in the coastal waters of Asia from southern Japan to the Philippines.
Description
The sharpbeak terapon i ...
'' Fowler, 1931
* ''
Scortum
''Scortum'' is a genus of Australian fresh and brackish water ray-finned fishes in the family Terapontidae, the grunters.
Species include:Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scortum''.FishBase. 2013.
*'' Scortum barcoo'' ( McCulloch & Waite, 1917) ...
'' Whitley, 1943
* ''
Syncomistes
''Syncomistes'' is a genus of Australian freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae, the grunters.
Species
Species include:
* '' Syncomistes bonapartensis'' Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017
* ''Syncomistes butleri'' Vari 1978 (S ...
'' Vari, 1978
* ''
Terapon
''Terapon'', also known as the grunters or Trumpeter (disambiguation), trumpeters is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Family (biology), family Terapontidae, the grunters.
An Emendation (zoology), unjustified emendation that has appeared in the ...
'' Cuvier, 1816
* ''
Variichthys
''Variichthys'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes in the family Terapontidae from New Guinea and northern Australia. It was formerly known as ''Varia'', but this name is Homonym (biology), preoccupied by a Varia (moth), genus of moth.
S ...
''
Allen Allen, Allen's or Allens may refer to:
Buildings
* Allen Arena, an indoor arena at Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee
* Allen Center, a skyscraper complex in downtown Houston, Texas
* Allen Fieldhouse, an indoor sports arena on the Univ ...
Paleocene
The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
Paleogene
The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma. It is the fir ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:
Neogene
The Neogene ( ,) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago. It is the second period of th ...
Pelates
''Pelates'', is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae, containing 3 species.
Species
* ''Pelates octolineatus'' (Leonard Jenyns, Jenyns, 1840) (western striped trumpeter)
* ''Pelates qinglanensis'' (Sun Bao-Ling, Sun, 1991)
* ' ...
Paleocene
The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
Paleogene
The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma. It is the fir ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:
Neogene
The Neogene ( ,) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago. It is the second period of th ...