Team 10 on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Team 10 – just as often referred to as Team X or Team Ten – was a group of architects and other invited participants who assembled starting in July 1953 at the 9th Congress of the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM) and created a schism within CIAM by challenging its doctrinaire approach to
Team 10 onlinelecarrebleu.eu
{{DEFAULTSORT:Team 10 . Architecture groups Urban planning organizations Architectural theory Architectural theoreticians 1950s architecture 1960s architecture 1970s architecture Arts organizations established in 1953 Organizations disestablished in 1981
Team 10 – just as often referred to as Team X or Team Ten – was a group of architects and other invited participants who assembled starting in July 1953 at the 9th Congress of the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM) and created a schism within CIAM by challenging its doctrinaire approach to urbanism
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban ...
.
Membership
The group's first formal meeting under the name of Team 10 took place inBagnols-sur-Cèze
Bagnols-sur-Cèze (, "Bagnols-on-Cèze"; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Gard Departments of France, department in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania Regions of France, region in Southern France.
History
A small regiona ...
in 1960. The last, with only four members present, was in Lisbon
Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...
in 1981.
Team 10 had a fluid membership, yet a core group actively organized the various meetings, which consisted of Alison and Peter Smithson
Alison Margaret Smithson (22 June 1928 – 14 August 1993) and Peter Denham Smithson (18 September 1923 – 3 March 2003) were English architects who together formed an architectural partnership, and are often associated with the New Brutali ...
, Jaap Bakema
Jacob Berend "Jaap" Bakema (8 March 1914 – 20 February 1981) was a Dutch modernist architect. He is notable for design of public housing and involvement in the reconstruction of Rotterdam after the Second World War, and especially his work with ...
, Aldo van Eyck, Georges Candilis, Shadrach Woods, and Giancarlo De Carlo.Risselada, M., D. van den Heuvel eds., Team 10. In Search of a Utopia of the Present 1953-1981 (Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2005) Other members included Ralph Erskine, Daniel van Ginkel, Pancho Guedes, Geir Grung, Oskar Hansen, Reima Pietilä, Charles Polonyi, Brian Richards, Jerzy Sołtan, Oswald Mathias Ungers
Oswald Mathias Ungers (12 July 1926 – 30 September 2007) was a German architect and architectural theorist, known for his rationalist designs and the use of cubic forms. Among his notable projects are museums in Frankfurt, Hamburg and Cologn ...
, John Voelcker, and Stefan Wewerka.
They referred to themselves as "a small family group of architects who have sought each other out because each has found the help of the others necessary to the development and understanding of their own individual work."Smithson, Alison d''Team 10 Primer'', The MIT Press
The MIT Press is the university press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The MIT Press publishes a number of academic journals and has been a pioneer in the Open Ac ...
, (1968), Team 10's theoretical framework, disseminated primarily through teaching and publications, had a profound influence on the development of architectural thought in the second half of the 20th century, primarily in Europe and the United States.
Two different movements were associated with Team 10: the New Brutalism of the British members (Alison and Peter Smithson) and the Structuralism
Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system. It works to uncover the structural patterns t ...
of the Dutch members (Aldo van Eyck and Jaap Bakema).
History
Team 10's core group started meeting within the context of CIAM, the international platform for modern architects founded in 1928. Their views often opposed the philosophies put forward by CIAM, and following founder Le Corbusier's exit in 1955, CIAM dissolved in 1959 to give way to Team 10 as the centralized, authoritative think tank concerning Brutalism, Structuralism, and related urban planning. When Jaap Bakema, one of Team 10's core members, died in 1981, the other members used this as an occasion to end their collaboration as Team 10.References
External links
Team 10 online
{{DEFAULTSORT:Team 10 . Architecture groups Urban planning organizations Architectural theory Architectural theoreticians 1950s architecture 1960s architecture 1970s architecture Arts organizations established in 1953 Organizations disestablished in 1981