Tau⁴ Serpentis, Latinized from τ⁴ Serpentis, is a variable M-type

giant star A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or ''dwarf'') star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsp ...

in the

constellation A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms Asterism (astronomy), a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object. The first constellati ...

Serpens Serpens () is a constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union. It ...

, approximately 710

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from the

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all ...

. Its brightness varies from

magnitude Magnitude may refer to: Mathematics *Euclidean vector, a quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction *Magnitude (mathematics), the relative size of an object *Norm (mathematics), a term for the size or length of a vector *Order of ...

5.89 to 7.07, making it occasionally bright enough to be faintly visible to the

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under very good observing conditions. With a

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M5IIIa, Tau⁴ Serpentis is a cool red giant star. The spectrum varies, and some sources classify it between M4IIIe and M6IIIe. Some of its spectral lines show an inverse P Cygni profile, where cold infalling gas on to the star creates

redshift In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation (such as light). The opposite change, a decrease in wavelength and increase in frequency and e ...

ed hydrogen absorption lines next to the normal emission lines. Sometime between the years 1868 and 1877, John Ellard Gore discovered that the star's brightness varies. It is classified as a semiregular late-type variable, and its magnitude varies between +5.89 and +7.07 with a period of approximately 100 days. τ⁴ is unique among the stars with the Bayer designation τ Serpentis as being the only one with no HR catalog number.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tau4 Serpentis Serpens Semiregular variable stars M-type giants Serpentis, 17 Serpentis, Tau4 139216 076423 Durchmusterung objects Asymptotic-giant-branch stars