Talpa de Allende is a city and municipality in

Jalisco Jalisco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in western Mexico and is bordered by s ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

. Surrounded by pine-covered mountains, Talpa de Allende is a silver mining town founded by the Spanish in 1599. The name "Allende" is in honor of General

Ignacio Allende Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga (, , ; January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), commonly known as Ignacio Allende, was a captain of the Spanish Army in New Spain who came to sympathize with the Mexican independence movement. He attended the secre ...

. Talpa is the destination of a popular pilgrimage route. In the center of Talpa is the church of ''Nuestra Señora del Rosario'', which is the location of the tiny ''Virgen del Rosario'' statue, also called "La Chaparrita", meaning the short one, who is believed to perform miracles. Her birthday is celebrated October 7, when millions of people walk to Talpa every year. Another date she is visited is during

Easter Week The Octave of Easter is the eight-day period, or octave, that begins on Easter Sunday and ends with Second Sunday of Easter. It marks the beginning of Eastertide. The first seven of these eight days are also collectively known as Easter Week. ...

. Approximately 3 million people attend the celebrations of "La Chaparrita" each year. The walk can be anywhere from a few kilometers to a hundred or more depending on the starting point. The most famous walk is the called "Ruta del Peregrino" (Pilgrim's Route). The Route is 117 km long, starting in the city of Ameca and ending in ''Nuestra Señora del Rosario'' church. It includes several climbs of hundreds of meters. During Easter week, there are stands selling food and drinks all along to route.

History

It was the capital of the Tlallipan (Tlalipan)

cacicazgo ''Cacicazgo'' is a phonetic Spanish transliteration (or a derivative) of the Taíno word for the lands ruled by a ''cacique''. The Spanish colonial system recognized indigenous elites as nobles in Mexico and Peru, and other areas. Nobles could ...

. The site was inhabited by a tribe of origin

Nahuatl Nahuatl ( ; ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by about Nahuas, most of whom live mainly in Central Mexico and have smaller popul ...

. Towards 1532

Nuño de Guzmán Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán (1558) was a Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain. He was the governor of the province of Pánuco (province), Pánuco from 1525 to 1533 and of Nueva Galicia from 1529 to 1534, and president of the ...

he began to send explorers to these lands from the Holy Spirit Village of Greater Spain, today

Tepic Tepic () is the capital and largest city of the western Mexico, Mexican Political divisions of Mexico, state of Nayarit, as well as the seat of the Tepic Municipality. Located in the central part of the state, it stands at an altitude of above ...

Nayarit Nayarit, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in Municipalities of Nayarit, 20 municipalit ...

, and that was when the inhabitants were subject to the Spanish crown. When Nuño de Guzmán left

Nueva Galicia Nuevo Reino de Galicia (New Kingdom of Galicia; ) or simply Nueva Galicia (''New Galicia'', ''Nova Galicia''), known in Nahuatl as Chimalhuacán (‘the land of shield bearers’), was an autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It w ...

, he divided the domains among his most striving captains Juan de Oñate Juan and

Cristóbal de Oñate Cristóbal de Oñate (1504 — October 6, 1567) was a Spanish Basque explorer, conquistador and colonial official in New Spain. He is considered the founder of the contemporary city of Guadalajara in 1531, as well as other places in Nueva Gali ...

, Juan Fernández de Hijar, touching the latter Tlallipan. He entered the village peacefully towards 1540. At the arrival of the peninsulars, Talpa was in what is now known as the Bairro Alto, southeast of the current town. In 1599, when Aranjuez's rich minerals were established, the first Spanish families settled. Thus, by a decree of the

Real Audiencia of Guadalajara The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara (or Real Audiencia de Nueva Galicia), was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decre ...

saw the first light the town that received the title of Santiago de Talpa. The

Constitution of 1857 The Political Constitution of the Mexican Republic of 1857 (), often called simply the Constitution of 1857, was the Liberalism in Mexico, liberal constitution promulgated in 1857 by Constituent Congress of Mexico during the presidency of Ignacio ...

was not well received. Prominent conservative Remigio Tovar rose up in arms, joining the conservative party in the

Reform War The Reform War (17 December 185711 January 1861) or War of Reform (), also known as the Three Years' War (), and the Mexican Civil War, was a complex civil conflict in Mexico fought between Mexican liberals and conservatives with regional var ...

. He was defeated by general Juan Nepomuceno Rocha at Cerro de los Ocotes, in which Tovar's forces suffered 7 casualties. Talpa was a welcoming haven for influential politicians when

Guadalajara Guadalajara ( ; ) is the capital and the most populous city in the western Mexican List of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco, as well as the most densely populated municipality in Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population ...

fell to the conservatives. It was also a kind of headquarters of the government troops that entered and went without encountering any resistance, during this time when encounters and scuffles were staged between the two sides and of political instability, the arises in these directions the Colonel Antonio Rojas, who was commissioned to pacify the region and to fight Remigio Tovar, who had as its center of operations the square of

Mascota Mascota is a town and municipality in Jalisco, in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 1,843 km2. The name Mascota comes from the root "Amaxacotlán", which means "place of deer and colubrids". The municipality has sma ...

. Rojas, for his pyromania instincts and his great cruelty soon received the nickname "El Nero de Jalisco". On 1871

Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a General (Mexico), Mexican general and politician who was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 until Mexican Revolution, his overthrow in 1911 seizing power in a Plan ...

proclaimed the

Plan de la Noria A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with details of timing and resources, used to achieve an objective to do something. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions through which one expects to achieve a goal. ...

and rose up against the government of

Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican politician, military commander, and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. A Zapotec peoples, Zapotec, he w ...

, being defeated by General Alatorre. After leaving

Mexico City Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and finan ...

, he spent a few weeks in Talpa disguised as a bell smelter. During the

Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution () was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It saw the destruction of the Federal Army, its ...

the village was fortified from the attacks from supporters of

Venustiano Carranza José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920), known as Venustiano Carranza, was a Mexican land owner and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920, during the Mexican Re ...

by forming a general meeting of neighbors and forming a local defense corps that guarded the square; but on June 23, 1913, chief carrancist Santos Arreola came to ask for surrender, but bad weather forced them to flee. 1844 establishes town hall; 30 April 1871 a department is formed comprising the municipalities of Talpa and Tomatlán, with Talpa being the head. From 1825 to 1844 it belonged to the 6th canton of

Autlán de Navarro Autlán de Navarro is a city and its surrounding municipalities of Mexico, municipality of the same name in the Costa Sur region of the southwestern part of the state of Jalisco in Mexico. At the Mexican census of 2005, the municipality had a po ...

. On 18 September 1885 by decree number 155 the village was elevated to the category of village under the name of Talpa de Allende in honor of the insurgent chief Ignatius Allende. In 2015, the city was designated part of the "

Pueblos Mágicos The Programa Pueblos Mágicos (; "Magical Towns Programme") is an initiative led by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism, with support from other federal agencies, to promote a series of towns around the country that offer visitors "cultural richn ...

" national program.

Geography

Talpa de Allende is located in the west of the state of Jalisco, within the extreme coordinates 20° 05′ 00″ at 20° 30′ 55″ of north latitude and of the 104° 42′ 30″ to the 105° 13′ 25″ west longitude; at a height of 1,134

meters above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level vari ...

. The municipality adjoins to the north with the municipalities of

Puerto Vallarta Puerto Vallarta ( or simply Vallarta) is a Mexican resort city near the Bahía de Banderas on the Pacific coast of the Mexico, Mexican state of Jalisco. Puerto Vallarta is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state after the Guadalajara ...

and

; to the east with Mascota, Atenguillo, Cuautla and Tomatlán (Jalisco)' Tomatlán; to the south with the municipality of Tomatlán; to the west with the municipality of Cabo Corrientes.

Physical Geography

Orography

In general its surface is made up of rugged areas (77%) heights ranging from 2,100 to 2,500 meters above sea level. Semi-flat zones (13%) they are located in the south of the municipal headwaters, with heights ranging from 600 to 1,300 msnm. Flat areas (10%) located in the northwest of the municipal headland, are formed by heights of 1,200 meters above sea level.

Soil

The territory consists of land from the

tertiary period The Tertiary ( ) is an obsolete Period (geology), geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-bird, avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at t ...

. The composition of the soils is predominantly chestnut Chesnut, as well as lateritic yellows, prainearose and reddish soil, and reddish forest brown. The municipality has a territorial area of 227,952 ha-hectares, of which 15,375 are used for agricultural purposes, 31,128 in livestock activity, 176,987 are for forest use, 283 are urban land and 2,078 hectares have other use, not specified 2,101. As far as the property is concerned, an area of 169,637 hectares is private and another is 56,214 ejidal; there is no communal property. Please note that 2,101 hectares do not specify property type.

Hydrography

Its hydrological resources are provided by the rivers: Talpa, San Nicolás, Cuals, San José and Bramador; by the streams: Crumbled, La Quebrada, Las Palomas, El Corazón, Toledo, Camacho, Gran Juez and Los Lobos, among the most representative. It also has springs that supply water to some localities.

Climate

Talpa de Allende has a

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

, with dry winter and spring, and with no well-defined winter thermal change. The average annual temperature is 21.3 C, with a maximum of 29.5 C and a minimum of 13.2 -C. The rainfall regime is recorded between the months of June and July, with an average rainfall of 1,002.9 mm. The annual average of frost days is 27.5. The prevailing winds are in a southerly direction.

Flora & wildlife

The natural vegetation is mostly

pine–oak forest Pine–oak forest, pine–oak woodland, or oak–pine forest is a group of similar of ecosystems, primarily found in North and Central America. These areas are dominated by pine and oak trees. Under the Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystem ...

, composed of

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as cu ...

s (''Pinus''),

oyamel ''Abies religiosa'', the oyamel fir or sacred fir, (known as in Spanish) is a fir native to the mountains of central and southern Mexico (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur) and western Guatemala. It grows at high elevations of i ...

(''Abies religiosa''),

oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

s (''Quercus''), ash (''Fraxinus'') and

walnut A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an i ...

(''Juglans''). In the semitropical lower parts there is havillo, capomo, parota, spring, purple rose and

Spanish cedar Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

. There is a

cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, Montane forest, montane, Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, moist forest characteri ...

(mesophilic forest) in the municipality, with the native maple ''

Acer binzayedii Acer often refers to: * ''Acer'' (plant), the genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples * Acer Inc., a computer company in Taiwan Acer may also refer to: People * David Acer (born 1970), Canadian stand-up comedian and magician * Davi ...

''. ''Binzayedii'' refers to the founding of

Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...

MBZ which sponsored scientific research that determined that the species in Talpa is unique in the world, which makes this maple forest very special. On January 30, 2016, the Government of the State of Jalisco through the Secretariat o
Environment and Territorial Development
announced the creation of a Natural Protected Area Arce Forest State Park published in Section V of the Official Newspaper The State of Jalisco. date" - "publication" - "Official"- "The"-date-access-" ('doi')

Government and politics

Its form of government is

democracy Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitiv ...

, it depends on the Jalisco state government and federal Mexico; elections are held every 3 years, where the municipal president and his cabinet are elected. The Municipal President is C. Martín Eduardo Guzmán Peña, Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI. The municipality has 178 towns, the most important being: Talpa (municipal head), Ocotes, La Cuesta, Cabos, La Cañada, Desmoronado and El Cuale.

Infrastructure and economy

Housing

It has 3,266 homes, which are usually private. The 89.71% have electricity service, 68.74% have drainage and drinking water service.INEGI
II population and housing count, 2005 Its construction is usually based on

brick A brick is a type of construction material used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term ''brick'' denotes a unit primarily composed of clay. But is now also used informally to denote building un ...

concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. It is the second-most-used substance (after water), the most–widely used building material, and the most-manufactur ...

and partition.

Services

The municipality has services of drinking water, sewerage, street lighting, markets, trail, cemeteries, road, public toilet, public safety, transit, parks, gardens and sports centers. 79.4% of the population has drinking water; in sewer coverage is 71.5% and in electricity service 85.4%.

Education

The population's 90.88% is alpha-alphabetism-alfabeta, of which 29.56% has ended primary education. The municipality has 19

preschool A preschool (sometimes spelled as pre school or pre-school), also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, play school, is an school, educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they ...

, 43 primary-primary education, 10 secondarys and two bachilleratos.

Healthcare

Health care is attended by the health center, which is advised by the Ministry of Health and depends on health jurisdiction No.8 based in Puerto Vallarta. In addition, the

Mexican Social Security Institute The Mexican Institute of Social Security (, IMSS) is a Federal government of the United Mexican States, governmental organization that assists public health, pensions and social security in Mexico operating under the Secretariat of Health (Mexic ...

and private doctors provide their services. The System for Integral Family Development (DIF) is responsible for social welfare.

Transportation and communication

It has fax service, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, Internet and radio telephony service. Transportation takes place via the Guadalajara-Puerto Vallarta highway. It has a network of rural roads that connect the villages. Public buses are available. It has a small airport, Talpa de Allende Airport, that has flights to Puerto Vallarta,

San Sebastián del Oeste San Sebastián del Oeste () is a town and municipality, located on the western part of Jalisco state, Mexico, between 20°39’45’’ - 21°02’30’’ N and 104°35’00’’ - 104°51’00’’ W, at a height of 1,480 metres (4,856 ...

and Guadalajara. The main airlines that operate are: Aerotaxis de la Bahía and Transportes Aéreos de Nayarit.

Demographics

According to the II population and housing count, the municipality has 13,612 inhabitants, of which 6,703 are men and 6,909 are women; 0.36% of the population are

indigenous Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology) In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often populari ...

.INEGI
II population and housing count, 2005 By 2010 the population is expected to be 14,786.

Religion

90.60% profess

Catholic religion The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

,7.36% are believers in ehovah's Witnesses there are also

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

and believers of other religions. 0.28% of the inhabitants held no religion.INEGI
XII General Census of Population and Housing, 2000. For religious worship it has the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, the Parish of Lord San José and chapels in the localities.

Culture

* ''Painting stand out the mural "The Miracle of the Renewal of the Image of the Virgin of the Rosary"'' and the mural of the Holy Trinity. * Craft: chicle handcrafts, with which they make baskets, furniture, pots, pots, jars, jars, vases, pots. Leather huaraches, belts and saddles are also made. * Typical Costumes

charro ''Charro'', in Mexico, is historically the horseman from the countryside, the Ranchero, who lived and worked in the haciendas and performed all his tasks on horseback, working mainly as vaqueros and caporales, among other jobs. He was ren ...

costume for men and China for women.

Sites of interest

* The Shrine of the Virgen de Talpa: in style

Romanesque Architecture Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Ro ...

and Neoclassical-Neoclassical Architecture, dates from 1782 * The Parish of Lord San José: in colonial style, built in the year 1600. * The Chapel of the Ore of El Cuale: in colonial style, built in 1870. * The Chapel of Concepción del Bramador: in colonial style. * The Chapel of the Resurrection. * Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary. * The municipal palace. * The waterfalls of Aranjuez.

Places to visit

* Welcome arch dedicated to pilgrims and visitors in the entrance. * Calzada de las Reynas: opened on November 18, 2004, and created for he community of pilgrims that visit Talpa de Allende and in honor of all the queens of Mexico. A pathway of statues of the virgins. * Cruz de Romero * Museum of the Talpa Virgin where her story is told as well as the history of Talpa de Allende. * Maple forest of Talpa de Allende with more than of maple and pine trees.

Sports

It has sports centers, where it is practiced: football, frontenis and volleyball. It also has a cultural center, theater, charro canvas, square, parks, gardens and library.

Gastronomy

Birria Birria () is a regional variation of barbacoa from western Mexico, mainly made with goat, beef or lamb. The meat is marinated in an adobo made of vinegar, dried chiles, garlic, and herbs and spices (including cumin, bay leaves, and thyme) bef ...

pozole Pozole (; from ) is a traditional soup or stew from Mexican cuisine. It is made from hominy with meat (typically chicken or pork), and can be seasoned and garnished with shredded lettuce or cabbage, chili peppers, onion, garlic, radishes, avoca ...

tamales A tamale, in Spanish , is a traditional Mesoamerican dish made of ''masa'', a dough made from nixtamalized corn, which is steamed in a corn husk or banana leaves. The wrapping can either be discarded prior to eating or used as a plate. Tam ...

, rotisserie chicken, rabbit, meat with tomatillo and

chilaquiles Chilaquiles () are a traditional Mexican breakfast dish made with tortillas. Ingredients and variations Typically, left over tortillas are the basis of the dish. Green or red salsa is poured over the crisp tortilla triangles. The mixture ...

; guava fruit leather, sancocho, figs, and various milk confectioneries;

rompope Rompope, also known as rompopo, rumpopo, or rum popo, is an eggnog drink made with eggs, milk, vanilla flavouring, and rum. The egg yolks impart a yellow hue to the emulsified beverage. It is a traditional drink enjoyed throughout Central Amer ...

and

ponche The term punch refers to a wide assortment of drinks, both non-alcoholic and alcoholic, generally containing fruits or fruit juice. The drink was introduced from the Indian subcontinent to England by employees of the East India Company in the l ...

of fruits such as peach, nance, capulín, pineapple, guava and pomegranate

Holidays and celebrations

Virgen de la Candelaria The Virgin of Candelaria or Our Lady of Candelaria ( or ''Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria'') (), popularly called ''La Morenita'', celebrates the Virgin Mary on the island of Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands (Spain). The center of worship is l ...

from 25 January to 2 February. * Romería de Tecomán: first Sunday in March. * Romería in honor of Lord St. Joseph: from 11 to 19 March. * Anniversary pilgrimage of the Coronation of the Virgen del Rosario de Talpa: from 4 to 12 May. *Feast of the Renewal:September 10 "Bath of the Virgin" (It consists of cleaning all the jewels and changing the clothes of Ntra.Sra.del Rosario de Talpa) and from September 11 to 19 the ninth Renewal. * Independence day: 15 and 16 September. *Liturgical Party in Honor of Our Lady of the Rosary of Talpa: 7 October * Feast of the

Virgen de Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe (), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe (), is a Catholic Church, Catholic Titles of Mary, mother of Jesus, title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with four Marian apparitions to Juan Diego and one to his uncle, J ...

: 9–12 December

In popular culture

* In

Juan Rulfo Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno, best known as Juan Rulfo (; 16 May 1917 – 7 January 1986), was a Mexican writer, screenwriter, and photographer. He is best known for two literary works, the 1955 novel ''Pedro Páramo'', and the ...

novel, ' El llano en llamas' refers to Talpa: " .....] Although I knew that Talpa was far away and that we would have to walk a lot under the sun of the days and the cold, of the nights of March ..". * The film "

Talpa Talpa may refer to: Places * Talpa, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran * Talpa, Teleorman, a commune in Teleorman County, Romania * Talpa, a village in Cândeşti Commune, Botoşani County, Romania * Talpa, a village in Bârgăuani Co ...

" was filmed here, based on a short story by Juan Rulfo.

Sister City

Talpa de Allende has one sister city: * - Lynwood,

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

, USA

References

External links

* http://talpadeallende.com {{Authority control Municipalities of Jalisco Pueblos Mágicos