TRPM is a family of
transient receptor potential ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by Gating (electrophysiol ...
s (''M'' standing for ''
wikt:melastatin'').
Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers.
The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8.
Unlike the
TRPC and
TRPV
TRPV is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP channels) in animals. All TRPVs are highly calcium selective.
TRP channels are a large group of ion channels consisting of six protein families, located mostly on the plasm ...
sub-families, TRPM subunits do not contain N-terminal
ankyrin repeat motifs but, rather, contain entire functional proteins in their C-termini. TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of
serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
A serine/threonine protein kinase () is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylation, phosphorylates the hydroxyl, OH group of the amino acid, amino-acid residues serine or threonine, which have similar side chains. ...
.
Permeability and activation
The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels.
*
TRPM4 and
TRPM5 are impermeable to calcium.
*
TRPM3
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM3'' gene.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the family of Transient receptor potential channel, transient receptor ...
,
TRPM6 and
TRPM7 are highly permeable to both calcium and magnesium.
The mechanism of activation also varies greatly among TRPM channels.
*
TRPM2 is activated by ADP-ribose
adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose and functions as a sensor of redox status in cells.
*
TRPM4 and
TRPM5 are activated by intracellular calcium.
*
TRPM8 can be activated by low temperatures,
menthol,
eucalyptol and
icilin.
Functions
Among the functional responsibilities of the TRPM channels are:
*regulation of calcium oscillations after T cell activation and prevention of cardiac conduction disorders (
TRPM4).
*modulation of
insulin
Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (''INS)'' gene. It is the main Anabolism, anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabol ...
secretion and sensory
transduction in taste cells (
TRPM5).
*cold sensation (
TRPM8).
*heat sensation and inflammatory pain (
TRPM3
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM3'' gene.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the family of Transient receptor potential channel, transient receptor ...
).
*regulation of magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys and absorption in the intestines (
TRPM6).
*regulation of cell adhesion (
TRPM7).
Genes
*
TRPM1,
TRPM2,
TRPM3
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM3'' gene.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the family of Transient receptor potential channel, transient receptor ...
,
TRPM4,
TRPM5,
TRPM6,
TRPM7,
TRPM8
References
External links
*
*
*
{{Transient receptor potential channel modulators
Membrane proteins
Ion channels