Two pore segment channel 1 (TPC1) is a human
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
encoded by the ''TPCN1''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
The protein encoded by this gene is an
ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by Gating (electrophysiol ...
. In contrast to other
calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to it ...
and
sodium channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell (biology), cell's cell membrane, membrane. They belong to the Cation channel superfamily, superfamily of cation channels.
Classific ...
s which have four homologous domains, each containing six transmembrane segments (S1 to S6), TPCN1 only contains two domains (each containing segments S1 to S6).
Structure
The structure of a TPC1
ortholog
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speci ...
from ''
Arabidopsis thaliana
''Arabidopsis thaliana'', the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally ...
'' has been solved by two laboratories. The structures were solved using
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to Diffraction, diffract in specific directions. By measuring th ...
and contained the fold of a
voltage-gated ion channel
Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in a Cell (biology), cell's electrical membrane potential near the channel. The membrane potential alters the conformation of t ...
and
EF hand
The EF hand is a helix–loop–helix structural domain or ''motif'' found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins.
The EF-hand motif contains a helix–loop–helix topology, much like the spread thumb and forefinger of the human hand, in ...
s. Only a single voltage sensor domain appears to responsible for voltage sensing.
Filoviral infections
Genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition experiments demonstrate that the
two-pore channels,
TPC1
Two pore segment channel 1 (TPC1) is a human protein encoded by the ''TPCN1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an ion channel. In contrast to other calcium and sodium channels which have four homologous domains, each containing six tr ...
and
TPC2
Two pore segment channel 2 (TPC2) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''TPCN2'' gene. TPC2 is an ion channel, however, in contrast to other calcium and sodium channels which have four homologous domains, each containing 6 transmembr ...
, are required for infection by Filoviruses
Ebola
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses. Symptoms typically start anywhere between two days and three weeks after in ...
and
Marburg
Marburg (; ) is a college town, university town in the States of Germany, German federal state () of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf Districts of Germany, district (). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has ...
in mice.
See also
*
Two-pore channel
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{Ion channels, g1
Ion channels