Thomas Stanley Matthews (January 16, 1901 – January 4, 1991) was an American magazine editor, journalist, and writer. He served as editor of
''Time'' magazine from 1949 to 1953.
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Background
Thomas Stanley Matthews was born on January 16, 1901, in
Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was New Jersey bishop,
Paul Clement Matthews; and his mother was Elsie Procter, the
Procter & Gamble heiress.
His grandfather was
Stanley Matthews
Sir Stanley Matthews, CBE (1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer who played as an outside right. Often regarded as one of the greatest players of the British game, he is the only player to have been knighted while st ...
. He had five sisters, including Margaret (later Flinsch) and Dorothea (later Dooling).
He earned a first bachelor's degree from
Princeton University in 1922 and a second from
New College at
Oxford University in 1925.
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Career
He joined the staff of ''
The New Republic'' in 1925. There, literary critic
Edmund Wilson
Edmund Wilson Jr. (May 8, 1895 – June 12, 1972) was an American writer and literary critic who explored Freudian and Marxist themes. He influenced many American authors, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose unfinished work he edited for publi ...
encouraged him to write for the magazine. By 1928, he became an assistant editor and by 1929 an associate editor.
He joined ''
Time'' in 1929 as book editor and moved up to assistant managing editor, executive editor, and managing editor. (In 1940,
William Saroyan
William Saroyan (; August 31, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an Armenian-American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, and in 1943 won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film ''The ...
cites him as one of two managing editors at ''Time'' with
Manfred Gottfried.) Finally, he succeeded ''Time'' co-founder
Henry Luce as the magazine's editor, serving in that position from 1949 to 1953.
Matthews' relationship with ''Time'' soured over the 1952 presidential election. Luce favored
Republican nominee
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
but Matthews preferred his Democratic rival (and his Princeton classmate)
Adlai Stevenson II
Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (; February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American politician and diplomat who was twice the Democratic nominee for President of the United States. He was the grandson of Adlai Stevenson I, the 23rd vice president of ...
. At Luce's instigation, Matthews moved to England to study a British version of ''Time.'' When the project did not carry through, he remained in Britain. There, he wrote numerous books and poetry, including an autobiography and a book on
T. S. Eliot.
He also reviewed books for the ''New York Times''.
Impact
The ''New York Times'' credited Matthews with "bringing depth and refinement to the news weekly in a 25-year career." It described him as a "lean, athletic editor" with "clipped, quiet speech was filled with obscure literary references" who rid the magazine of its double-barreled adjectives, puns and backward sentences."
Whittaker Chambers, who started after and ended before Matthews at ''Time'', summarized as follows: "T. S. Matthews' contribution to the humanity of ''Time'', both in the intellectual and personal sense of the word, cannot be overstated."
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However,
W.A. Swanberg
William Andrew Swanberg (November 23, 1907 in St. Paul, Minnesota – September 17, 1992 in Southbury, Connecticut) was an American biographer. He is known for ''Citizen Hearst'', a biography of William Randolph Hearst, which was recommended by th ...
, author of the
Pulitzer Prize-winning biography ''Luce and His Empire'', criticized Matthews for emphasizing the readability of ''Time'' at the expense of objectivity. “For him to be managing editor of America's most politically oriented and propagandist 'newsmagazine' was as if
F. Scott Fitzgerald were
Secretary of State," Swanberg wrote.
Swanberg also characterized Matthews as being “as close to being politically obtuse as such an otherwise cultivated man could be.”
Princeton University holds his papers, which include writings, notebooks, correspondence, files from ''Time'' (1940s, 1950s, including the ''Time-in-Britain'' project), subject files, legal and financial correspondence, photographs, and printed material from 1910 to 1991. These include datebooks 1950–1991. Correspondents include
John W. Aldridge,
Whittaker Chambers,
T. S. Eliot,
Valerie Eliot
Esmé Valerie Eliot (née Fletcher; 17 August 19269 November 2012) was the second wife and later widow of the Nobel prize-winning poet T. S. Eliot. She was a major stockholder in the publishing firm of Faber and Faber Limited and the editor and a ...
,
Robert Graves,
Eleanor Green,
Laura (Riding) Jackson,
Schuyler Jackson,
Len Lye,
Laurie Lee
Laurence Edward Alan "Laurie" Lee, MBE (26 June 1914 – 13 May 1997) was an English poet, novelist and screenwriter, who was brought up in the small village of Slad in Gloucestershire.
His most notable work is the autobiographical trilog ...
,
William Piel Jr.,
V. S. Pritchett
Sir Victor Sawdon Pritchett (also known as VSP; 16 December 1900 – 20 March 1997) was a British writer and literary critic.
Pritchett was known particularly for his short stories, collated in a number of volumes. His non-fiction works incl ...
,
Lyman Spitzer, and
Adlai Stevenson.
Private life and death
Matthews was married three times, to: Juliana Stevens Cuyler,
Martha Gellhorn, and Pamela Firth Peniakoff.
He married Gellhorn in 1954 and lived with her in London; they divorced in 1963. He had four sons: Thomas S. Matthews Jr., John P. C. Matthews, Paul C. Matthews, and W. Alexander P. Matthews.
He died of lung cancer in
Cavendish
Cavendish may refer to:
People
* The House of Cavendish, a British aristocratic family
* Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673), British poet, philosopher, and scientist
* Cavendish (author) (1831–1899), pen name of Henry Jones, English auth ...
, England.
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Works
The Library of Congress holds the following books by Matthews:
* ''To the Gallows I must go'' (1931)
* ''Sugar Pill: An Essay on Newspapers'' (1957, 1959)
* ''Name and Address: An Autobiography'' (1960, 1961)
* ''O My America! Notes on a Trip'' (1962)
* ''Great Tom: Notes Towards the Definition of T. S. Eliot'' (1974)
* ''Jacks or Better: A Narrative'' (1977)
* ''Under the Influence: Recollections of Robert Graves, Laura Riding, and Friends'' (1979, 1983)
* ''Angels Unawares: Twentieth-Century Portraits (1985)
Articles appearing online include:
* "Football Morals" (November 26, 1976)
Poems appearing online include:
* "After Such Knowledge: T.S. Eliot" (undated)
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See also
* ''
Time''
* ''
The New Republic''
*
Henry Luce
*
Martha Gellhorn
*
Whittaker Chambers
References
External sources
Princeton T. S. Matthew Papers
Princeton Weekly Bulletin image of Matthews
Getty Images photo Matthews among TIME staff ca. 1948
Wheatmark Press painting of Matthews
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Matthews, T. S.
1901 births
1991 deaths
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Princeton University alumni
20th-century American male writers