Syrian Republic may refer to any of three states based in the
region of Syria
Syria ( Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔒂𔒠 ''Sura/i''; gr, Συρία) or Sham ( ar, ٱلشَّام, ash-Shām) is the name of a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. Other ...
, the latter two of which have also borne the name Syrian Arab Republic:
*
First Syrian Republic
The First Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic, '; french: République syrienne was formed in 1930 as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. A treaty of independence was made in 1936 ...
, 1930–1950:
**
Mandatory Syrian Republic
The First Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic, '; french: République syrienne was formed in 1930 as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. A treaty of independence was made in 1936 t ...
, 1930–1946: Formed as a component of the
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the
State of Syria.
[Youssef Takla,]
Corpus juris du Mandat français
, in: [The 1930 Constitution is integrally reproduced in: ] A
treaty of independence was made in 1936 to grant independence to Syria and end official French rule, but the French parliament refused to accept the agreement. From 1940 to 1941, the Syrian Republic was under the control of
Vichy France
Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its te ...
, and after the Allied invasion in 1941 gradually went on the path towards independence. The proclamation of independence took place in 1944, but only in October 1945 Syrian Republic was ''de jure'' recognized by the United Nations; it became a ''de facto''
sovereign state
A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined te ...
on 17 April 1946, with the withdrawal of French troops.
**
Independent First Syrian Republic
The First Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic, '; french: République syrienne was formed in 1930 as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. A treaty of independence was made in 1936 t ...
, 1946–1950: Recognized as a sovereign state in 1945 and becoming ''de facto'' independent in April 1946 from the
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon.
*
Second Syrian Republic
The Second Syrian Republic—officially the Syrian Republic ' from 1950 to 1958 and the Syrian Arab Republic ' from 1961 to 1963—succeeded the First Syrian Republic that had become ''de facto'' independent in April 1946 from the Mandate for ...
, 1950–1963:
** 1950–1958: Beginning with the
Syrian Constitution of 1950.
** 1958–1961: Syria joined with the Republic of
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
in forming the
United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...
.
** 1961–1963: Syria withdrew from the union in 1961 and adopted the name ''Syrian Arab Republic''.
*
Syrian Arab Republic, 1963–present: The
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region came to power in a
bloody military coup, which laid the foundations for the political structure in Syria for the next decades.
References
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