Susumanioidea
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Susumanioidea is an extinct superfamily of
Phasmatodea The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida, Phasmatoptera or Spectra) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick-bugs, walking sticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as D ...
, known from the Middle Jurassic to Eocene. They lie outside the modern
crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor ...
of Phasmatodea. Members of the group typically possess large, fully developed wings.


Taxonomy

According to Yang et al. 2021. *†subfamily Phasmomimoidinae Gorochov 1988 ** †'' Phasmomimoides'' Sharov 1968 5 species,
Karabastau Formation The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that ...
, Kazakhstan,
Callovian In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...
- Oxfordian,
Zaza Formation The Zaza Formation is a geological formation located in Buryatia (Russia). It dates to the Lower Cretaceous period. It is Aptian in age and consists of sandstones, siltstones, marls and bituminous shales, deposited in a stratified lake. It is s ...
, Russian,
Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ag ...
* †subfamily Aclistophasmatinae Yang et al. 2021 ** †'' Aclistophasma'' Yang et al. 2021
Jiulongshan Formation The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerat ...
(Daohugou Beds), China, Callovian ** †'' Adjacivena'' Shang et al. 2011 Daohugou Beds, China, Callovian * †subfamily Susumaniinae Gorochov 1988 ** †'' Aethephasma'' Ren 1997
Yixian Formation The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its exq ...
, China, Aptian ** †'' Coniphasma'' Birket-Smith 1981 Umivik locality, Greenland,
Coniacian The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series and spans the time between 89.8 ± 1 Ma and 86.3 ± 0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Coniacian is preceded ...
** †'' Cretophasmomima'' Kuzmina 1985
Weald Clay Weald Clay or the Weald Clay Formation is a Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock unit underlying areas of South East England, between the North and South Downs, in an area called the Weald Basin. It is the uppermost unit of the Wealden Group of ...
, England,
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...
, Yixian Formation, China, Aptian Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian, Ola Formation. Arkagalinskaya Formation, Russia,
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous Epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campani ...
** †'' Cretophasmomimoides'' Gorochov 1988 Anda-Khuduk Formation, Mongolia, Aptian ** †'' Eoprephasma'' Archibald and Bradler 2015
Klondike Mountain Formation The Klondike Mountain Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian) geological formation located in the northeast central area of Washington state. The formation, named for the type location designated in 1962, Klondike Mountain north of Republic, Wash ...
, United States,
Ypresian In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian ...
** †'' Eosusumania'' Gorochov 1988 Emanra Formation, Russia,
Turonian The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded b ...
** †'' Hagiphasma'' Ren 1997 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Kolymoptera'' Gorochov 1988 Arkagalinskaya Formation, Russia, Campanian ** †'' Orephasma'' Ren 1997 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Palaeopteron'' Rice 1969
Redmond Formation The Redmond Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the mid- Cretaceous ( Cenomanian). It was a thin (up to thick) and restricted unit traced for in a single mine (Redmond No. 1) in Lab ...
, Canada,
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in ...
** †'' Paraphasmomimella'' Kuzmina 1985 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian Emanra Formation, Russia, Turonian ** †'' Phasmomimella'' Kevan and Wighton 1981
Crato Formation The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during ...
, Brazil, Aptian, Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian,
Paskapoo Formation The Paskapoo Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Middle to Late Paleocene age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The Paskapoo underlies much of southwestern Alberta, and takes the name from the Blindman River (''paskapoo'' means "blind m ...
, Canada,
Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pala ...
** †'' Phasmomimula'' Kevan and Wighton 1981 Paskapoo Formation, Canada, Paleocene ** †'' Promastacoides'' Kevan and Wighton 1981 Paskapoo Formation, Canada, Paleocene ** †'' Prosusumania'' Gorochov 1988 Argun Formation, Russia, Aptian ** †'' Renphasma'' Nel and Delfosse 2011 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Susumania'' Gorochov 1988 Arkagalinskaya Formation, Russia, Campanian


References

{{Reflist Phasmatodea Insect superfamilies Prehistoric insects