The Supreme Soviet (russian: Верховный Совет, Verkhovny Sovet, Supreme Council) was the common name for the
legislative bodies (parliaments) of the
Soviet socialist republics (SSR) in the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
(USSR). These soviets were modeled after the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR
The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( rus, Верховный Совет Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, r=Verkhovnyy Sovet Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respubl ...
, established in 1938, and were nearly identical.
State-approved delegates to the Supreme Soviets were periodically elected unopposed in
show election
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.
Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operat ...
s.
The
first free or semi-free elections took place during ''
perestroika'' in late 1980s, in which Supreme Soviets themselves were no longer
directly elected. Instead, Supreme Soviets were appointed by directly-elected
Congresses of People's Deputies based somewhat on the
Congresses of Soviets that preceded the Supreme Soviets. The soviets until then were largely
rubber-stamp
A rubber stamp is an image or pattern that has been carved, molded, laser engraved or vulcanized onto a sheet of rubber. Rubber stamping, also called stamping, is a craft in which some type of ink made of dye or pigment is applied to rubber ...
institutions, approving decisions handed to them by the
Communist Party of the USSR or of each SSR.
The soviets met infrequently (often only twice a year for only several days) and elected the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).[1936
Events
January–February
* January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...]
and
1977 Soviet Constitutions, the Presidium of a Supreme Soviet served as the
collective head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
of its republic.
[
] The Supreme Soviets also elected
Councils of Ministers (
Councils of People's Commissars before 1946), which were executive bodies.
After the
dissolution of the USSR
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
in late December 1991, most of these soviets remained the legislatures of independent countries until
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ' ...
,
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
and
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
abandoned the system in 1995.
Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Republics
Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Republics
References
See also
*
Supreme Council (disambiguation)
*
Soviet (disambiguation)
The Soviet Union was a communist state that existed from 1922 until its dissolution of 1991.
Soviet may also refer to:
*Soviet (council), a council
** Supreme Soviet, the highest institution in the hierarchy of councils within the USSR
*An ad ...
{{Soviet Union topics
1938 establishments in the Soviet Union
1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Government of the Soviet Union
Historical legislatures
Politics of the Soviet Union