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Suinae is a
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...
of artiodactyl mammals that includes several of the extant members of
Suidae Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or swine. In addition to numerous fossil species, 18 extant species are currently recognized (or 19 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified in ...
and their closest relatives – the
domestic pig The pig (''Sus domesticus''), often called swine, hog, or domestic pig when distinguishing from other members of the genus '' Sus'', is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is variously considered a subspecies of ''Su ...
and related species, such as
babirusa The babirusas, also called deer-pigs ( id, babi rusa), are a genus, ''Babyrousa'', in the swine family found in the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi, Togian, Sula and Buru. All members of this genus were considered part of a single species un ...
s. Several extinct species within the Suidae are classified in subfamilies other than Suinae. However, the classification of the extinct members of the Suoidea – the larger group that includes the Suidae, the
peccary A peccary (also javelina or skunk pig) is a medium-sized, pig-like hoofed mammal of the family Tayassuidae (New World pigs). They are found throughout Central and South America, Trinidad in the Caribbean, and in the southwestern area of North ...
family (Tayassuidae), and related extinct species – is controversial, and different classifications vary in the number of subfamilies within Suidae and their contents. Some classifications, such as the one proposed by paleontologist Jan van der Made in 2010, even exclude from Suinae some extant taxa of Suidae, placing these excluded taxa in other subfamilies.


Species

In their 1997 ''Classification of Mammals'', Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell classify the Suinae as: *Tribe Suini **Genus
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...
'' Eumaiochoerus'' (Miocene) **Genus †''
Hippopotamodon ''Hippopotamodon'' is a genus of extinct suid even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene and Pliocene in Europe and Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a contine ...
'' (Miocene to
Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...
) **Genus †''
Korynochoerus ''Korynochoerus'' is an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene in Europe and Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in West ...
'' (Miocene to
Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Microstonyx'' (Miocene) **Genus ''
Porcula The pygmy hog (''Porcula salvania'') is the rarest species of pig in the world today, and is the only species in the genus ''Porcula''. It is also the smallest species of pig in the world, with its piglets being small enough to fit in one's pock ...
'' **Genus '' Sus'' (
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
to
Recent The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...
) *Tribe Potamochoerini **Genus †'' Celebochoerus'' (Pliocene to Pleistocene) **Genus †''
Kolpochoerus ''Kolpochoerus'' is an extinct genus of the pig family Suidae related to the modern-day genera ''Hylochoerus'' and '' Potamochoerus''. It is believed that most of them inhabited African forests, as opposed to the bushpig and red river hog tha ...
'' (Pliocene to Pleistocene) **Genus '' Potamochoerus'' (Miocene to recent) **Genus †'' Propotamochoerus'' (Miocene to Pliocene) *Tribe † Hippohyini **Genus †''
Hippohyus ''Hippohyus'' is an extinct genus of pig-like animals that lived during the Pliocene in India. Description ''Hippohyus'' had high-crowned molars with wrinkled enamel. The posterior premolars were enlarged and short. The skull was primitive, w ...
'' (Pliocene) **Genus †''
Sinohyus ''Sinohyus'' was a genus of ground dwelling omnivorous even toed ungulates that existed in Asia during the Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58
'' (Pliocene) **Genus †''
Sivahyus ''Sivahyus'' was a genus of ground dwelling omnivorous even toed ungulates that existed in Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent ...
'' (Pliocene) *Tribe Phacochoerini **Genus †''
Metridiochoerus ''Metridiochoerus'' is an extinct genus in the pig family indigenous to the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Africa. It is also known as the giant warthog. Description ''Metridiochoerus'' was a large animal, in length, resembling a giant wartho ...
'' (Pliocene to Pleistocene) **Genus ''
Phacochoerus ''Phacochoerus'' is a genus in the family Suidae, commonly known as warthogs (pronounced ''wart-hog''). They are pigs who live in open and semi-open habitats, even in quite arid regions, in sub-Saharan Africa. The two species were formerly cons ...
'' (Pliocene to recent) **Genus ''
Hylochoerus The giant forest hog (''Hylochoerus meinertzhageni''), the only member of its genus (''Hylochoerus''), is native to wooded habitats in Africa and is generally considered the largest wild member of the pig family, Suidae; however, a few subspeci ...
'' (Pleistocene to recent) **Genus †'' Potamochoeroides'' (Pliocene, possibly Pleistocene) **Genus †''
Stylochoerus ''Stylochoerus'' was an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Pleistocene in Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democrat ...
'' (Pleistocene) *Tribe Babyrousini **Genus '' Babyrousa'' (Pleistocene to recent) In the 2005 third edition of '' Mammal Species of the World'', which treats only recent forms, Peter Grubb followed this classification.Grubb, 2005 The recent forms are wild boars, domestic pigs, and pygmy hogs together in one tribe, with warthogs, a genus of African pigs, and a genus of pigs from the islands of
Wallacea Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as ...
each representing a separate clade.


References


Literature cited

*Grubb, P. 2005. Order Artiodactyla. Pp. 637–722 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.)
Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. *McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. *Orliac, M.J., Antoine, P.-O. and Ducrocq, S. 2010
Phylogenetic relationships of the Suidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): new insights on the relationships within Suoidea
(subscription required). Zoologica Scripta 39:315–330. *Van der Made, J. 2010
The pigs and "Old World peccaries" (Suidae and Palaeochoeridae, Suoidea, Artiodactyla) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (southern Germany): phylogeny and an updated classification of the Hyotheriinae and Palaeochoeridae
(subscription required). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 84:43–121. {{Taxonbar, from=Q899307 Suidae Taxa named by John Edward Gray Mammal subfamilies