Stylommatophora is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017.
Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families
'.

Malacologia ''Malacologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, an ...

, 61(1-2): 1-526. of air-breathing land snails and

slug Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a smal ...

s, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod

molluscs Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...

. This taxon includes most land snails and

s. The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier). Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create

love dart A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. Thes ...

s. Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day. Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). ''Základy zoopaleontologie''. Olomouc, 264 pp., .

2005 taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evolutionary ancestry is the clade Stylommatophora in clade Eupulmonata within informal group

Pulmonata Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group include ...

. It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily. The clade Stylommatophora contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. clade Elasmognatha * Superfamily

Succineoidea Succineoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the suborder Helicina ''Helicina'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropo ...

* Superfamily Athoracophoroidea clade Orthurethra * Superfamily

Partuloidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder ''Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agar ...

* Superfamily Achatinelloidea * Superfamily

Cochlicopoidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder ''Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agar ...

* Superfamily

Pupilloidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder ''Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agar ...

* Superfamily Enoidea informal group

Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a lo ...

* Superfamily

Clausilioidea The Clausilioidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra. This classification was based on different studies dealing with the Clausiliidae, published by H. Nord ...

* Superfamily

Orthalicoidea The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder HelicinaMolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Simpulopsidae Schileyko, 1999. Accessed through: W ...

* Superfamily

Achatinoidea The Achatinoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate ga ...

* Superfamily

Aillyoidea Aillyidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra. Aillyidae is the only family in the superfamily Aillyoidea. This family and the genus is named in honor of Swedish m ...

* Superfamily Testacelloidea * Superfamily

Papillodermatoidea ''Papilloderma altonagai'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the informal group Sigmurethra. ''Papilloderma altonagai'' is the only species in the genus ''Papilloderma'', which is the only ...

* Superfamily Streptaxoidea * Superfamily Rhytidoidea * Superfamily

Acavoidea The Acavoidea are a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra. This taxonomy was based on the study by Nordsieck, published in 1986. Taxonomy F ...

* Superfamily

Punctoidea Punctoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra. Taxonomy The superfamily Punctoidea is classified within the clade Stylommatophora within the clad ...

* Superfamily

Sagdoidea Sagdoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Helicoidei of the suborder Helicina ''Helicina'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical land snails with an operculum, ter ...

limacoid clade The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina Distribution The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to be the P ...

" (within the Sigmurethra) * Superfamily Staffordioidea * Superfamily Dyakioidea * Superfamily

Gastrodontoidea Gastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade. Taxonomy According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), families in this superfamil ...

* Superfamily

Parmacelloidea Parmacelloidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora and the informal group Pulmonata. These are limacoid or keelback slugs. Families Families within the superfamil ...

* Superfamily Zonitoidea * Superfamily

Helicarionoidea Helicarionoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Limacoidei. Families There are three families within the superfamily Helicarionoidea: * Helicarionidae * A ...

* Superfamily

Limacoidea Limacoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of medium-sized to large, air-breathing land slugs and snails. They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Ro ...

(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra) * Superfamily

Arionoidea Arionoidea is a taxonomic group, superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, shell-less terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. Families Families within the superfamily Arionoidea include: * Arionidae * Anadenidae * Ariolimacidae * Binneyidae ...

* Superfamily Helicoidea

Previous taxonomy

*Subinfraorder Orthurethra **Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873 **Superfamily

Pilsbry, 1900 **Superfamily

Turton, 1831 *Subinfraorder

**Superfamily

Pilsbry, 1895 **Superfamily

Swainson, 1840 **Superfamily

Baker, 1960 **Superfamily

J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840 **Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879 **Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895 **Superfamily

Mörch, 1864 **Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921 **Superfamily

Tryon, 1866 **Superfamily Helicoidea

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 1815 **Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877 **Superfamily

, 1815 **Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855 **Superfamily

Albers-Martens, 1860 **Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900 **Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894 **Superfamily

Morse, 1864 **Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893 **Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895 **Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931 **Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806 **Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926 **Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882 **Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864

References

{{Authority control Extant Cretaceous first appearances