Song of the Yue Boatman

The Song of the Yue Boatman () is a short song in an unknown language of southern China said to have been recorded around 528 BC.
A transcription using Chinese characters, together with a Chinese version, is preserved in the '' Garden of Stories'' compiled by Liu Xiang five centuries later.

Setting

The song appears in a story within a story in the ''Shànshuō'' () chapter of the ''Garden of Stories''.
A minister of the state of Chu, who is infatuated with an attractive nobleman, the Lord of Xiangcheng, relates to him an incident in which the 6th-century BC prince Zixi (子晳), the Lord of È (鄂), on an excursion on his state barge, was intrigued by the singing of his Yue boatman, and asked for an interpreter to translate it.
It was a song of praise of the rural life, expressing the boatman's secret pleasure at knowing the prince:

:
On hearing this, the prince embraced the boatman and covered him with his embroidered coverlet. The minister/narrator goes on to remark: "Zixi, Duke of E, was a brother of the Chu king by the same mother, his administrative position was that of prime minister, his peerage was that of a prince, yet a Yue boatman was able to enjoy intercourse with him to his satisfaction". Thus, the minister convinces Lord of Xiangcheng to let him hold his hand, which he had previously refused upon noticing the minister's feelings.

The story became an emblem of same-sex love in imperial China. For example, it was included in the chapter on love between men in Feng Menglong's anthology ''Qing Shi'' (情史, 'History of Love', c. 1628–1630).

Old Yue text

The words of the original song were transcribed in 32 Chinese characters, each representing the sound of a foreign syllable:

As with the similarly recorded Pai-lang songs, interpretation is complicated by uncertainty about the sounds of Old Chinese represented by the characters.
In 1981, the linguist Wei Qingwen proposed an interpretation by comparing the words of the song with several Tai languages, particularly Zhuang varieties spoken today in Guangxi province.
Building on Wei's work, Zhengzhang Shangfang produced a version in written Thai (dating from the late 13th century) as the closest available approximation to the original language, using his own reconstruction of Old Chinese.
Both Wei's and Zhengzhang's interpretations correspond loosely to the original 54-character Chinese rendition, and lack counterparts of the third and ninth lines of the Chinese version.
Zhengzhang suggests that these lines were added during the composition of the Chinese version to fit the ''Chu Ci'' poetic style.
Zhengzhang's interpretation remains controversial, both because of the gap of nearly two millennia between the date of the song and written Thai and because Thai belongs to the more geographically distant Southwestern Tai languages.

Qin Xiaohang has argued that although the transcription does not represent a true writing system for the non-Chinese language, such transcription practice formed the basis of the later development of the Sawndip script for Zhuang.

Notes

References

External links

''Shuoyuan'' 11.13
CText project.

{{Chinese poetry

Chinese poems
Chinese literature
Unsolved problems in linguistics
LGBT history in China
6th-century BC works
LGBT poetry
Songs about boats
Songs about sailors