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Solvychegodsk (russian: Сольвычего́дск, lit. "salt on the Vychegda River") is a
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an or ...
in
Kotlassky District Kotlassky District (russian: Ко́тласский райо́н) is an administrative district ( raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kotlassky Municipal District ...
of
Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast (russian: Арха́нгельская о́бласть, ''Arkhangelskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solov ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...
, located on the right-hand bank of the
Vychegda River The Vychegda (, ) is a river in the European part of Russia, tributary to the Northern Dvina. Its length is about . Its source is approximately west of the northern Ural Mountains. It flows roughly in western direction, through Komi Republic and ...
northeast of
Kotlas Kotlas (russian: Ко́тлас) is a town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population: Kotlas is the third largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of population (after ...
, the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of the district. Population:


History

Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century on the shores of Lake Solyonoye. The locality was known as Usolye
posad A posad (russian: посад, uk, посад) was a historical type of settlement in East Slavic lands since the Ancient Rus, often surrounded by ramparts and a moat, adjoining a town or a kremlin, but outside of it, or adjoining a monastery ...
or Usolsk in the 15th century.
Anikey Stroganov Anikey Fyodorovich Stroganov (russian: Аникей Фёдорович Строганов) (1488–1570) was an explorer, merchant and eventual monk who lived during the Grand Duchy of Moscow and Tsardom of Russia, the predecessors of the Russia ...
(1488–1570) began salt production in 1515, which later become a huge industry, and started the
Stroganov family The Stroganovs or Strogonovs (russian: link=no, Стро́гановы, Стро́гоновы), French spelling: Stroganoff, were a family of highly successful Russian merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen. From the time of Ivan ...
fortune. In the 16th–17th centuries, Solvychegodsk was a big commercial,
handicraft A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...
, and cultural hub of Northern Russia. It was especially famous for its enamel industry. Solvychegodsk was captured and looted by Polish-Lithuanian vagabonds, the
Lisowczycy Lisowczyks or Lisowczycy (; also known as ''Straceńcy'' ('lost men' or 'forlorn hope') or (company of ); or in singular form: Lisowczyk or ) was the name of an early 17th-century irregular unit of the Polish–Lithuanian light cavalry. The Lis ...
, on January 22, 1613. In 1796, the town became a part of
Vologda Governorate Vologda Governorate (russian: link=no, Вологодская губерния, ''Vologodskaya guberniya'', ''Government of Vologda'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed fr ...
. It was also known as a place of political exile. In 1937, Solvychegodsk was transferred to the jurisdiction of Arkhangelsk Oblast.
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...
was exiled here for seven months after being arrested by the
Okhrana The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (russian: Отделение по охранению общественной безопасности и порядка), usually called Guard Department ( rus, Охранное отд ...
in April 1909 and for another seventeen months in 1911.


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated within
Kotlassky District Kotlassky District (russian: Ко́тласский райо́н) is an administrative district ( raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kotlassky Municipal District ...
as the
town of district significance Town of district significance is an administrative division of a district in a federal subject of Russia. It is equal in status to a selsoviet or an urban-type settlement of district significance, but is organized around a town (as opposed to a ...
of Solvychegodsk. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Solvychegodsk, together with the territories of Pacheozersky, Peschansky, Solvychegodsky, and Kharitonovsky Selsoviets (which comprise, correspondingly, twenty-five, twelve, forty, and sixteen rural localities, for the total of ninety-three rural localities) in Kotlassky District, is incorporated within Kotlassky Municipal District as Solvychegodskoye Urban Settlement.Law #258-vneoch.-OZ


Economy

The Vychegda in Solvychegodsk is navigable, and in summer there is regular passenger navigation connecting
Kotlas Kotlas (russian: Ко́тлас) is a town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population: Kotlas is the third largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of population (after ...
and Soyga (located approximately halfway between Solvychegodsk and
Yarensk Yarensk (russian: Я́ренск) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Lensky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. Population: ...
). There is no railway in Solvychegodsk. The
Solvychegodsk railway station Solvychegodsk (russian: Сольвычего́дск, lit. "salt on the Vychegda River") is a town in Kotlassky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right-hand bank of the Vychegda River northeast of Kotlas, the administr ...
is actually located in the urban-type settlement of
Vychegodsky Vychegodsky (russian: Вычегодский) is an urban locality (a work settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of oblast significance of Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblas ...
, on the line connecting Kotlas and
Vorkuta Vorkuta (russian: Воркута́; kv, Вӧркута, ''Vörkuta''; Nenets for "the abundance of bears", "bear corner") is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin ...
at the other side of the Vychegda. There is a car and passenger ferry to the right bank of the Vychegda River. The ferry is connected by an unpaved road with the paved road between Kotlas and
Koryazhma Koryazhma (russian: Коря́жма) is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vychegda River east of Kotlas, at the confluence of the Bolshaya Koryazhemka River. Population: History In 1535, ...
. There is also an unpaved road upstream along the Vychegda, heading to Yarensk.


Culture and recreation

Nine objects of cultural heritage protected at the federal level and additionally thirty-three monuments of history and architecture of local importance are located in the town. The federal list of cultural heritage includes the following ensembles: *former Presentation Monastery, including the Presentation Cathedral (1688—1712), one of the five surviving Stroganov baroque churches *former Annunciation Cathedral (1560—1584) with the adjacent bell-tower * Church of the Holy Mandylion (Spaso-Obydenskaya Church, 1691—1697) * Pyankov House (19th century) The town of Solvychegodsk is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center. The only state museum in the town, the Solvychegodsk Museum of Art and History, is housed in the former Annunciation Cathedral. There is also a small private museum devoted to the fictional author, Kozma Prutkov, who, according to his official biography, was born in Solvychegodsk. The town is home to a number of
balneological Balneotherapy ( la, balneum "bath") is a method of treating diseases by bathing, a traditional medicine technique usually practiced at spas. Since ancient times, humans have used hot springs, public baths and thermal medicine for therapeutic eff ...
resorts, where
mineral spring Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produces hard water, water that contains dissolved minerals. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage under ...
s and
silt Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water. Silt usually has a floury feel whe ...
mud from the Lake Solyanoye are used.


References


Notes


Sources

*


External links

*
William Brumfield, Solvychegodsk: Empire of the Stroganovs
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast Solvychegodsky Uyezd