Sol-Iletsk (russian: Соль-Иле́цк) is a

town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an o ...

Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Oblast (russian: Оренбургская область, ''Orenburgskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name ''Chkalov Oblast'' () ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

, located on the right bank of the

Ilek River The Ilek ( kk, Елек, ''Elek'', russian: Илек) is a river in the Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan, and Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The river basin is of archeological significance. There are burial sites ...

( Ural's

tributary A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drai ...

), south of

Orenburg Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the border with Kazakhst ...

, the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

of the

oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...

. Population: 22,000 (1975); 11,802 (1897). The climate is arid, sharply continental.

History

It was founded in the 17th century as a

Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

settlement. In the mid-18th century, it was renamed Iletskaya Zashchita () due to the construction of fortifications. The name was then changed to Iletsk () in the 19th century. In 1945, the town was given its present name. A thick bed of excellent

rocksalt Halite (), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride ( Na Cl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, p ...

is worked near this town (hence, the word "" (''sol'') in the town's name, which means "salt" in Russian). The place is also known as a balneological resort for its

mineral water Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may usually be still or sparkling (carbonated/effervescent) according to the presence or absence of added gases. T ...

s, salt, mud, and

brine Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (NaCl) in water (H2O). In diverse contexts, ''brine'' may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for ...

baths, and its

kumis ''Kumis'' (also spelled ''kumiss'' or ''koumiss'' or ''kumys'', see other transliterations and cognate words below under terminology and etymology – otk, airag kk, қымыз, ''qymyz'') mn, айраг, ''ääryg'') is a fermented dairy ...

cures.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sol-Iletsk serves as the

Sol-Iletsky District Sol-Iletsky District (russian: Соль-Илецкий райо́н; kk, Тұзтөбе ауданы, ) is an administrative district ( raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia.Law #1370/276-IV-OZ It is located in the south of t ...

, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the

Town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an o ...

of Sol-IletskLaw #1370/276-IV-OZ—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

. As a municipal division, the territories of the Town of Sol-Iletsk and of

are incorporated as

Sol-Iletsky Urban Okrug Sol-Iletsky Urban Okrug (russian: Соль-Илецкий городско́й о́круг) is a municipal formation (an urban okrug) in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, one of the thirteen urban okrugs in the oblast.Law #2367/495-IV-OZ Its territory ...

.Law #3028/833-V-OZ

Penitentiary facilities

Sol-Iletsk houses what is commonly called the

Black Dolphin Prison Federal Governmental Institution — penal colony No. 6 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Orenburg Oblast,, or shortly russian: ФКУ ИК-6 УФСИН России по Оренбургской области commonly known as th ...

.Структурные подразделения
"
Archive

Federal Penitentiary Service The Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN, Russian: Федеральная служба исполнения наказаний (ФСИН), ''Federalnaya Sluzhba Ispolneniya Nakazaniy'') is a federal agency of the Ministry of Justice of Russia ...

History

Administrative and municipal status

Penitentiary facilities

References

Notes

Sources