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Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, The Princess Royal and Princess Debaratana Rajasuda ( th, มหาจักรีสิรินธร, ; ; born April 2, 1955), formerly Princess Sirindhorn Debaratanasuda Kitivadhanadulsobhak ( th, สมเด็จพระเจ้าลูกเธอ เจ้าฟ้าสิรินธรเทพรัตนสุดา กิติวัฒนาดุลโสภาคย์; ), is the second daughter of King
Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; ( Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Grea ...
and younger sister of King Vajiralongkorn.; ). After Vajiralongkorn's coronation, Sirindhorn was invested of the title Somdech Phra Kanishthadhiraj Chao Krom Somdech Phra Debaratnarajsuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Maha Vajiralongkorn Vorarajbhakti Sirikitchakarinibirayabadhana Rathasimagunakornpiyajat Sayamboromrajakumari ( th, สมเด็จพระกนิษฐาธิราชเจ้า กรมสมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา เจ้าฟ้ามหาจักรีสิรินธร มหาวชิราลงกรณวรราชภักดี สิริกิจการิณีพีรยพัฒน รัฐสีมาคุณากรปิยชาติ สยามบรมราชกุมารี; ). Thais commonly refer to her as "Phra Thep" ( th, พระเทพ), meaning "princess angel". Her title in Thai is the female equivalent of the title once held by her brother,
King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant, queen, which title is also given to the queen consort, consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contempora ...
Maha Vajiralongkorn. The Thai constitution was altered in 1974 to allow for female succession, thus making her eligible for the throne. Having been the eldest female child of the royal family (excluding Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya, who married a foreign commoner), her position is comparable to a princess royal.


Early life


Birth

Sirindhorn was born on April 2, 1955, at Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall,
Dusit Palace Dusit Palace ( th, พระราชวังดุสิต, RTGS: ''Phra Ratcha Wang Dusit'') is a compound of royal residences in Bangkok, Thailand. Constructed over a large area north of Rattanakosin Island between 1897 and 1901 by King Ch ...
. The third child of King Bhumibol and Queen
Sirikit Queen Sirikit ( th, สิริกิติ์; ; ); born '' Mom Rajawongse'' Sirikit Kitiyakara ( th, สิริกิติ์ กิติยากร; ; 12 August 1932) is the queen mother of Thailand. She was Queen of Thailand as the wi ...
. As the royal couple has only one son, the Thai constitution was altered in 1974 to allow for female succession. This made Sirindhorn second-in-line to the throne (after Vajiralongkorn) until the birth of Princess Bajrakitiyabha in 1978.


Early education

Sirindhorn attended Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary at Thailand's most exclusive school: The Chitralada School which was established for the children of the Royal Family and Palace staff.Sut.ac
education information
She ranked first in the National School Examinations in primary level (grade 7) in 1967, in upper secondary level (grade 12) in 1972, and fourth in the National University Entrance Examination in 1975.Pattayamail
more education information
/ref>


Higher education

In 1975 she enrolled in the faculty of arts at Chulalongkorn University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, first-class honours and a gold medal in history in 1976. From 1976 she continued her studies in two graduate programs concurrently, obtaining a Master of Arts in Oriental epigraphy (
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...
and Cambodian) in 1980 and also
archaeology Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsc ...
from Silpakorn University in 1980. From October 1977, she studied Sanskrit in Bangkok for two years under the tutelage of renowned Sanskrit scholar Satya Vrat Shastri. In 1978, she obtained a Master of Arts in
Pali Pali () is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pāli Canon'' or '' Tipiṭaka'' as well as the sacred language of '' Theravāda'' Buddh ...
and
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...
from Chulalongkorn University. In 1981 she enrolled in a doctoral program at Srinakharinwirot University, and was awarded a
PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * '' Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. al ...
in developmental education in 1987. In 1984 she earned a certificate from the Asian Regional Remote Sensing Training Centre at the
Asian Institute of Technology The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), founded in 1959, is an international organization for higher education situated 40km north of Bangkok, Thailand. It specializes in engineering, advanced technologies, sustainable development, and manage ...
where she studied for two months.Asian Institute of Technology
degree information
In April 2001 she won a scholarship in
Chinese culture Chinese culture () is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia and is extremely diverse and varying, with customs and traditions varying grea ...
at Peking University in China where she studied the course for a month. Peking University
scholarship and award information


Later life

In December 2012, Sirindhorn was briefly hospitalised to remove calcium deposits. More popular among the Thai public than her brother Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn, Sirindhorn was long rumored to be a potential successor to the Thai throne. In the event, on Bhumibol's death in 2016, the crown went to Vajiralongkorn, now King Rama X. In January 2021, Sirindhorn was hospitalized after breaking both her ankles. Thai media reported that she fell during a walk; however, Western sources alleged that her ankles were broken by Vajiralongkorn after an argument.


Works and interests

Aside from her passion for technology, she holds degrees in history and a doctorate in educational development. She teaches at the history department of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, where she is the nominal head of the department. In addition to Thai, she speaks fluent English, French and Mandarin Chinese, and is currently studying German and
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
. She translates Chinese literature into Thai. She is also a skilled performer and avid promoter of Thai traditional music. Like her father
Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; ( Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Grea ...
, Princess Sirindhorn holds a certificate as a radio amateur, with her
call sign In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign (also known as a call name or call letters—and historically as a call signal—or abbreviated as a call) is a unique identifier for a transmitter station. A call sign can be formally ass ...
being HS1D.


Scholarship

The University of Liverpool introduced a prestigious new scholarship in honour of Sirindhorn. One full scholarship will be awarded annually to enable a Thai student to study at
Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...
to complete a one-year taught Masters programme. The scholarship is open to all subjects in which a one-year taught Masters programme is offered; however, priority will be given to those students who wish to study in a subject area associated with Princess Sirindhorn such as science, information technology, medicine,
the arts The arts are a very wide range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They encompass multiple diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing and being, in an extremely broad range of media. Both ...
,
geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...
, history, and languages. To be eligible for the scholarship, applicants must be a Thai national and already hold an offer to study a one-year taught Masters programme at the University of Liverpool.


Honours and awards


Military rank

*
General A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". O ...
, Admiral and Air Chief Marshal


Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand rank

* Volunteer Defense Corps General


Academic rank

* Professor of Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy * Professor of Srinakharinwirot University


Foreign honours

* : Grand Cross of the Order of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria * : Recipient of the Order of Friendship * : Padma Bhushan * : Grand Cross of the Order of Diplomatic Service Merit * : Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia * : Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star * : Grand Cross of the Order of the Crescent of Pakistan * : Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of Isabella the Catholic The Order of Isabella the Catholic ( es, Orden de Isabel la Católica) is a Spanish civil order and honor granted to persons and institutions in recognition of extraordinary services to the homeland or the promotion of international relations a ...
* : Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Seraphim


Awards

* : International Union of Nutritional Sciences AwardWord doc
award and position information
* : Chinese Language and Culture Friendship Award * Chinese Literature Foundation of Chinese Writers Association: Understanding and Friendship International Literature Award * : Indira Gandhi Prize * : Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service


Honorary degrees

; National * Chiang Mai University:
Geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...
* Chiang Mai University: Thai language *
Asian Institute of Technology The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), founded in 1959, is an international organization for higher education situated 40km north of Bangkok, Thailand. It specializes in engineering, advanced technologies, sustainable development, and manage ...
:
Technology Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in medicine, scien ...
; Foreign * : ** –
The University of Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong (HKU) (Chinese: 香港大學) is a public research university in Hong Kong. Founded in 1887 as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, it is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong. HKU was also the fi ...
: Doctor of Letters ** Peking University:
Chinese language Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the ...
* – Tokai University:
Engineering Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more speciali ...
* – University of the Philippines Los Baños: Law * : ** – Pomona College: Doctor of Humane Letters ** –
Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington (IU Bloomington, Indiana University, IU, or simply Indiana) is a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. It is the flagship campus of Indiana University and, with over 40,000 students, its largest c ...
: Doctor of Humane Letters ** – Northern Illinois University: Doctor of Humane Letters ** –
Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hemisphere. It consi ...
: Doctor of Humane Letters ** –
Bay Path University Bay Path University is a private university in Longmeadow, Massachusetts. Bay Path offers both all-women bachelor's degree programs (both on-campus and online), co-educational master's degree programs (both on-campus and online), an occupation ...
: Doctor of Humane Letters


Honorary titles

* : ''People’s Friendship Ambassador'' * : ''Special Ambassador of the World Food Programme for School Feeding'' * : '' UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for "Empowerment of Minority Children through Education and through the Preservation of Their Intangible Cultural Heritage"''


Eponyms


Institutions


National

A number of academic and research institutions in Thailand are named after her:
Princess Sirindhorn's College
Mueang Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom Province. *
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (SAC) ( th, ศูนย์มานุษยวิทยาสิรินธร) is an academic institution under the Ministry of Culture in Taling Chan District, Bangkok, Thailand, establish ...
* Mahachakri Sirindhorn and Boromrajkumari Building,
Faculty of Arts A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...
, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. * Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center,
Ramathibodi Hospital Ramathibodi Hospital ( th, โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี ) is a university hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. and is a hospital capable of super tertiary care. It is a teaching h ...
, Bangkok. * Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Music Library, Mahidol University, Bangkok * Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT),
Thammasat University Thammasat University ( Abrv: TU th, มธ.; th, มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, , ) is a public research university in Thailand with campuses in Tha Phra Chan area of Phra Nakhon District near the Grand Pala ...
, Bangkok.
Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS)
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok. *
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum The Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum is a natural history museum in the Prince of Songkla University in southern Thailand. It was originally known as the Natural History Museum of Prince of Songkla University (PSU Museum). Aft ...
, natural history museum, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Hat Yai, Songkhla Province.
Sirindhorn Observatory
Chiang Mai University, Doi Suthep,
Chiang Mai Province Chiang Mai ( th, เชียงใหม่, ; nod, , ) is the largest Province ('' changwat'') of Thailand. It lies in upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, ...
.
Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor
a Galactic cosmic ray detector at
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
's highest mountain, Doi Inthanon,
Chiang Mai Province Chiang Mai ( th, เชียงใหม่, ; nod, , ) is the largest Province ('' changwat'') of Thailand. It lies in upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, ...
.
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center
Srinakharinwirot University, Onkarak Campus, Nakhon Nayok Province


Foreign

* Sirindhorn Technology and Culture Exchange Center, Peking University, Haidian District,
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
.
Mianyang Xianfenglu Sirindhorn Primary School
Mianyang,
Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of t ...
, China.


Places

* Sirindhorn MRT station of the Bangkok MRT Blue Line * Amphoe Sirindhorn of Ubon Ratchathani Province * Sirindhorn Dam stops the Dom Noi River in Sirindhorn, Ubon Ratchathani Province.
Sirindhorn Museum
(Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Museum), Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Research Center, Sahatsakhan,
Kalasin Province Kalasin ( th, กาฬสินธุ์, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (''changwat''), located in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. The province was established by the Act Establishing Changwat Kalasin, BE 2490 (194 ...
. * Sirindhorn Observatory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University * Princess Sirindhorn Stadium, is a sports
stadium A stadium ( : stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand o ...
in Si Racha,
Chonburi Province Chonburi (, , ) is a province of Thailand (''changwat'') located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to th ...
.


Fauna

Several fauna species are named after her, including: * '' Eurochelidon sirintarae'' (Princess Sirindhorn bird or white-eyed river martin), a critically endangered swallow first described in 1968. * ''Phricotelphusa sirindhorn'' (panda crab). It was described in ''
Crustaceana ''Crustaceana'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal specialising in carcinology. It was established in 1960 and is published monthly by Brill Publishers. The journal is abstracted and indexed by BIOSIS Previews, the Science Citation Index, The Zo ...
'' in 1989. * '' Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae'', a sauropod herbivore
dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...
from the Early
Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
period. It was described in 1994. * '' Sirindhorna khoratensis'', a hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was described in 2015. * '' Acanthosquilla sirindhorn'' (panda mantis shrimp). It was described in ''Crustaceana'' in 1995. * '' Tarsius sirindhornae'', an ancient primate. * ''
Streptocephalus ''Streptocephalus'' is a genus of fairy shrimp found in temporary waters in Africa, Australia, Eurasia, and Central and North America, following its ancient origin in Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supe ...
sirindhornae'', a freshwater fairy shrimp. It was described in the ''
Journal of Crustacean Biology The ''Journal of Crustacean Biology'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of carcinology (crustacean research). It is published by The Crustacean Society and Oxford University Press (formerly by Brill Publishers and All ...
'' in 2000. * ''
Macrobrachium ''Macrobrachium'' is a genus of freshwater prawns or shrimps characterised by the extreme enlargement of the second pair of pereiopods, at least in the male. Species It contains these species: *''Macrobrachium acanthochirus'' F. Villalobos, ...
sirindhorn'', a freshwater prawn. It was described in ''Crustaceana'' in 2001. * '' Trigona sirindhornae'', a
bee Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfami ...
. * ''Sirindhorn thailandiensis'' (princess
moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...
). * ''Loxosomatoides sirindhornae'', a freshwater kamptozoan. It was described in '' Hydrobiologia'' in 2005.


Flora

Numerous plant species have been named after her: * '' Sirindhornia'' spp.,
orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of floweri ...
s: ** '' Sirindhornia pulchella'' can only be seen in Doi Chiang Dao National Park, blooming from April to June. ** ''Sirindhornia mirabilis'' can only be seen in Doi Hua Mot in
Tak Province Tak ( th, ตาก, , Burmese: တာ့ခ် pronounced ak is one of Thailand's seventy-seven provinces (''changwat'') and lies in lower northern Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, ...
, blooming during May and June. ** ''Sirindhornia monophyla'' can be seen in Doi Hua Mot in
Tak Province Tak ( th, ตาก, , Burmese: တာ့ခ် pronounced ak is one of Thailand's seventy-seven provinces (''changwat'') and lies in lower northern Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, ...
from March to June, as well in
Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
and China. * Other plant species include: ** '' Bauhinia sirindhorniae'' (''sam sip song pra dong''), a vine of the
pea family The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...
. It was described in the '' Nordic Journal of Botany'' in 1997. ** ''Magnolia sirindhorniae'' (Princess Sirindhorn's
magnolia ''Magnolia'' is a large genus of about 210 to 340The number of species in the genus ''Magnolia'' depends on the taxonomic view that one takes up. Recent molecular and morphological research shows that former genera ''Talauma'', ''Dugandiodendr ...
) ** '' Thepparatia scandens'' Phuph. or ''Khruea thepparat
malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familia ...
''. Thepparat is a part of her
royal title Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Although they vary over time and among geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to another's grand duke ...
. It was described in the ''Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany)'' in 2006. ** '' Impatiens sirindhorniae'' Triboun & Suksathan, 2009. It was described in ''Gardens' Bulletin Singapore''.


Notes


References


External links


Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s Personal Affairs Division
*

, at Kanchanapisek Network


The Forest Herbarium


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirindhorn Mahidol family Thai female Chao Fa Princesses Royal Academics of Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy S Thai diplomats Thai environmentalists Thai women environmentalists 20th-century Thai historians Thai generals Thai admirals Royal Thai Air Force air marshals Thai philanthropists Thai women academics Thai women writers Women historians Thai Sanskrit scholars Thai translators Translators to Thai Translators from Chinese Translators from French Translators from German Translators from Sanskrit People from Bangkok Thai people of Mon descent Children of Bhumibol Adulyadej Chulalongkorn University alumni Silpakorn University alumni Srinakharinwirot University alumni Peking University alumni Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy alumni Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education Ramon Magsaysay Award winners UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors Knights Grand Cordon of the Order of Chula Chom Klao Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Direkgunabhorn Recipients of the Dushdi Mala Medal, Pin of Arts and Science Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Netherlands) Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog Honorary Grand Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Honorary Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 21st-century translators 20th-century translators 20th-century Thai women writers 21st-century Thai women writers 1955 births Living people Recipients of Hilal-i-Pakistan Thai women educators Thai women diplomats 21st-century Thai historians 20th-century Chakri dynasty 21st-century Chakri dynasty