In 1643, near the start of the

English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...

, Parliament set up two committees the Sequestration Committee which confiscated the estates of the Royalists who fought against Parliament, and the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents which allowed

Royalists A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of governm ...

whose estates had been sequestrated, to

compound Compound may refer to: Architecture and built environments * Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall ** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struc ...

for their estates – pay a fine and recover their estates – if they pledged not to take up arms against Parliament again. The size of the fine they had to pay depended on the worth of the estate and how great their support for the Royalist cause had been. To administer the process of sequestration, a sequestration committee was established in each county. If a local committee sequestrated an estate they usually let it to a tenant and the income was used "to the best advantage of the State". If a " delinquent" wished to recover his estate he had to apply to the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents based in London, as the national Sequestration Committee was absorbed by the Committee for Compounding in 1644. After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, most of the sequestrated land was returned to the pre-war owners.

Background

In 1643, the "Parliamentary Committee for the Sequestration of Delinquents' Estates" was formed to confiscate the estates of Royalists who fought against the victorious Parliamentarians in the Civil War. This was followed by the establishment of the Committee for Compounding for the Estates of Royalists and Delinquents, at

Goldsmiths' Hall Goldsmiths' Hall is a Grade I listed building at the junction of Foster Lane and Gresham Street in the City of London. It has served as an assay office and the headquarters of London's goldsmith guild, the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, o ...

in the

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, which first met on 8 November 1643. In January 1646, the committee announced favourable terms for those who compounded prior to 1 May. This allowed those whose estates had been confiscated to regain them on payment of a fine, based on the value of their lands, and level of support. Many took advantage of this.

Assessment of sum

The delinquent paid a fine proportional to the value of his estate, frequently three times net annual income.

Valuation of estate

The delinquent submitted to the "Committee for Compounding with Delinquents" a signed declaration of his revenue and assets, which ended with wording such as: ''This is a true particular of the estate he doth desire to compound with this Honourable Committee for, wherein he doth submit himself to the fine to be imposed'' (partial transcript of declaration to the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents of Francis Choke of Avington, Berkshire, dated 1646).

Payment

Payment of the sum compounded was made generally at

in the

, where the committee was based.As in case of Col John Giffard of Brightley .

Notes

References

* * * * * * * * * *

. "Sequestration Committee, 1643–1650" (Covering dates 1643–1653) *Committee for Compounding with Delinquents: Books and Paper
SP 23
The National Archives, "Committee for Compounding with Delinquents, 1643–1656 and Committee for Scottish Affairs, 1643–1656" (Covering dates 1643–1664)
Search for: creator:"Great Britain. Committee for Compounding with Delinquents (1643–1660)
,

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* — The papers record the particulars of the estates and personal property sworn on oath to belong to delinquents as part of the compounding process. Records held under ''SP 28'' also contain material concerning the County Committees for Compounding with Delinquents. * *{{cite book , title=Yorkshire Royalist Composition Papers Or the Proceedings of the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents during the Commonwealth , editor-last=Clay , editor-first=John William , edition=several volumes , year=2013

External links

Phillimore, W.P.W., (ed.) ''Index nominum'' (index of names) to the Royalist Composition Papers, first and second series, volumes 1 and 2, London, 1889; archive.org
English Civil War Parliament of England The National Archives (United Kingdom) 1643 establishments in England