Selenicereus Calcaratus

''Selenicereus'', sometimes known as moonlight cactus, is a genus of epiphytic, lithophytic, and terrestrial cacti, found in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. The term night-blooming cereus is also sometimes used, but this is also used for many night-blooming cacti, including ''Epiphyllum'' and ''Peniocereus''. In 2017, the genus ''Hylocereus'' was brought into synonymy with ''Selenicereus''. A number of species of ''Selenicereus'' produce fruit that is eaten. The fruit, known as ''pitaya'' or ''pitahaya'' in Spanish or as dragon fruit, may be collected from the wild or the plants may be cultivated.

Description

Clambering plants with flat to angled stems, producing aerial roots. Areoles may be with or without spines. Flowers are large and nocturnal, pollinated by moths or rarely bats. The receptacle bears small bracts, hairs and usually spines. Fruits bear numerous spines. Flowers are generally produced in abundance with mature plants and are typically white and are very fragrant and only last a single night in most species.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described as a section, '' Cereus'' sect. ''Selinicereus'', by Alwin Berger in 1905. It was raised to a genus by Britton and Rose in 1909. The name is derived from Σελήνη (''Selene''), the Greek moon goddess, referring to the nocturnal flowers, and ''cereus'', meaning "candle" in Latin, a name used for upright cacti. A molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Hylocereeae in 2017 showed that the genus ''Hylocereus'' was nested within ''Selenicereus'', so all the species of ''Hylocereus'' were transferred to ''Selenicereus''. , the transfer was accepted by Plants of the World Online. The authors of the 2017 study also placed some species of ''Weberocereus'' within ''Selenicereus'', which was not accepted by Plants of the World Online .

Phylogeny

The cladogram below shows the relationships found in the 2017 study of the tribe Hylocereeae.

''Selenicereus'' belongs to the hylocereoid clade, along with ''Weberocereus''. Members of the clade are mostly climbing or epiphytic, and have spiny ribbed stems, contrasting with members of the phyllocactoid clade, which are mainly epiphytic, and have spineless flattened leaf-like stems.

Species

Species placed in the genus by Korotkova et al. in 2017 are listed below. The list includes three species formerly placed in ''Weberocereus'', whose transfer was not accepted by Plants of the World Online .

Species formerly recognized include:
*''Selenicereus boeckmannii'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus pteranthus''
*''Selenicereus brevispinus'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus pteranthus''
*''Selenicereus chontalensis'' – synonym of ''Deamia chontalensis''
*''Selenicereus coniflorus'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus grandiflorus''
*''Selenicereus hallensis'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus grandiflorus''
*''Selenicereus urbanianus'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus grandiflorus''
*''Selenicereus rubineus'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus inermis''
*''Selenicereus wercklei'' – synonym of ''Selenicereus inermis''
*''Selenicereus wittii'' – synonym of ''Strophocactus wittii''

Uses

The fruits of a number of species of ''Selenicereus'' (particularly those formerly placed in ''Hylocereus'') are eaten. ''Selenicereus undatus'' and '' Selenicereus triangularis'' are widely cultivated in the Americas, Europe and Asia for their fruits, known as ''pitayas'' or ''pitahayas'' in Spanish, and as dragon fruits in Asia. The fruit of '' Selenicereus setaceus'' is eaten in South America.

References

External links

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{{Taxonbar, from1=Q132870, from2=Q133960, from3=Q14928143

Cacti of North America
Cacti of South America
Flora of the Caribbean
Flora of Central America
Night-blooming plants