Sarno is a town and ''
comune'' and former Latin Catholic bishopric of
Campania
(man), it, Campana (woman)
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, Italy, in the
province of Salerno, 20 km northeast from the
city of Salerno and 60 km east of
Naples by the main railway.
Overview
It lies at the foot of the
Apennine Mountains
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; grc-gre, links=no, Ἀπέννινα ὄρη or Ἀπέννινον ὄρος; la, Appenninus or – a singular with plural meaning;''Apenninus'' (Greek or ) has the form of an adjective, which wou ...
, near the sources of the
Sarno River
The Sarno, known as ''Sarnus'' to the Romans, is a stream that passes through Pompeii to the south of the Italian city of Naples. It is considered the most polluted river in Europe. It flows about from the base of Mt. Sarno to the Bay of Naples ...
, called Sarnus in ancient times, a stream connected by canal with
Pompei
Pompei (; nap, Pumpeje, ) or Pompeii (, as in the name of the ancient city) is a city and commune in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy, home of the ancient Roman ruins of Pompeii that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
History ...
and the sea.
Paper,
cotton,
silk,
linen and
hemp are manufactured. The
travertine
Travertine ( ) is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and even rusty varieties. It is formed by a pro ...
which forms round the
spring
Spring(s) may refer to:
Common uses
* Spring (season), a season of the year
* Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy
* Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water
* Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a h ...
s of the Sarno was used even at ancient Pompeii as building material.
History
The area of Sarno has been inhabited since the
Neolithic, and in pre-historical times housed
Oscan
Oscan is an extinct Indo-European language of southern Italy. The language is in the Osco-Umbrian or Sabellic branch of the Italic languages. Oscan is therefore a close relative of Umbrian.
Oscan was spoken by a number of tribes, including t ...
and
Samnites settlements. Later it was acquired by the Romans, who held it until the fall of the
Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. The first nucleus of the future Sarno grew in the 8th century around a castle founded by the Lombards of
Benevento
Benevento (, , ; la, Beneventum) is a city and ''comune'' of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples. It is situated on a hill above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the ...
.
Before its incorporation into the domains of the crown of Naples, Sarno gave its name to a county held in succession by the
Orsini Orsini is a surname of Italian origin, originally derived from Latin ''ursinus'' ("bearlike") and originating as an epithet or sobriquet describing the name-bearer's purported strength. Notable people with the surname include the following:
*Angel ...
,
Coppola, Tuttavilla, and
Colonna
The House of Colonna, also known as ''Sciarrillo'' or ''Sciarra'', is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V) and many other church and pol ...
families.
On May 5, 1998 Sarno and the neighbouring villages of
Quindici
Quindici is a town and '' comune'' of the province of Avellino in the Campania region of southern Italy. Its population is about 3,000 inhabitants.
Bracigliano, Forino, Lauro, Moschiano, Sarno and Siano are nearby towns.
History
Quindici ...
,
Siano
Siano is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.
Geography
The municipality has its borders with Bracigliano, Castel San Giorgio, Mercato San Severino, Quindici ( AV) and Sarno
Sarn ...
and
Bracigliano
Bracigliano is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.
The municipality borders with Forino, Mercato San Severino
Mercato San Severino ( Sanseverinese: ) is a town and ''comune'' of the prov ...
were devastated by a series of landslides. Oone hundred eighty houses were destroyed, 450 were severely damaged, and 161 people died in what was one of the worst catastrophes of its kind in modern Italy. The landslides had been caused by several days of torrential rainfalls but were also blamed on agricultural, residential, industrial
overexploitation, and the lack of any substantial environmental programs. The catastrophe prompted the Italian Ministry of the Environment to introduce legislative measures for environmental protection which have come to be known as ''legge Sarno''.
Ecclesiastical history
The Diocese of Sarno was established circa 1000 AD, presumably as
suffragan of the
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oristano. In 1534 it lost territory to the
Diocese of Nola. The neighbouring bishopric of
Cava de' Tirreni
Cava de' Tirreni (; Cilentan: ''A Càva'') is a city and ''comune'' in the region of Campania, Italy, in the province of Salerno, northwest of the town of Salerno. It lies in a richly cultivated valley surrounded by wooded hills, and is a popu ...
was held in
personal union with Sarno (united ''aeque principaliter'') from 27 June 1818 till 25 September 1972.
Suppressed on 30 September 1986, its territory and title being merged into the thus renamed
Diocese of Nocera Inferiore-Sarno.
Episcopal ordinaries
(all
Roman Rite)
Suffragan Bishops of Sarno
(without ordinals; ''first incumbent(s) lacking?)
* Riso (1066? – ?)
* Giovanni (1111–1118)
* Giovanni (1119–1134)
* Pietro (1134–1156)
* Giovanni (1156–1180)
* Unfrido (1180–1202)
* Tibaldo (1201–1208)
* Ruggiero (1209–1216)
* Giovanni (1216–1224)
* Giovanni (1224–1258)
* Angelo d’Aquino (1258–1265)
* Giovanni (1265–1296)
* Guglielmo (1296–1309)
* Ruggiero De Canalibus (1310–1316)
* Ruggiero (1316–1316)
* Ruggiero De Miramonte (1316–1324)
* Antonio da Ancona (1324–1326)
* Napoleone (1326–1330)
* Nicola (1330 – death 1333)
* Francesco,
Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (13 March 1333 – 1340)
* Napoleone (1340–1350)
* Teobaldo (25 April 1350 – 1370)
* Giovanni (1372–1404)
* Giovanni (1404–1407)
* Francesco Mormile (1407–1408), later Bishop of
Cava (Italy) (1408–1419)
* Giovanni (1408–1414)
* Francesco Anconitano (1414–1419)
* Marco da Teramo (29 December 1418 – death 1439); previously Bishop of
Monopoli
Monopoli (; Monopolitano: ) is a town and municipality in Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Bari and region of Apulia. The town is roughly in area and lies on the Adriatic Sea about southeast of Bari. It has a population of 49,24 ...
(Italy) (24 March 1400 – 15 December 1404), Bishop of
Bertinoro
Bertinoro () is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna (Italy). It is located on hill Mount Cesubeo, in Romagna, a few kilometers from the Via Emilia.
History
There are remains of a settlement dating from the Ir ...
(Italy) (15 December 1404 – 29 December 1418)
* Andrea da Nola (23 October 1439 – 1454)
* Ludovico Dell'Aquila (1454–1470)
* Antonio de' Pazzi (1475 – 26 February 1477), later Bishop of
Mileto
Mileto ( Calabrian: ; grc, Μίλητος, translit=Míletos) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about southwest of Catanzaro and about south of Vibo Valentia.
Mileto is the ...
(Italy) (26 February 1477 – death 1479)
* Giovanni da Viterbo (30 September 1478 – 16 February 1481), later Bishop of
Crotone
Crotone (, ; nap, label= Crotonese, Cutrone or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Calabria, Italy. Founded as the Achaean colony of Kroton ( grc, Κρότων or ; la, Crotona) in Magna Graecia, it was known as Cotrone from the Middle Ages until ...
(Italy) (16 February 1481 – death 25 November 1496)
* Andrea De Ruggiero (16 February 1481 – 1482)
* Andrea Dei Pazzi (16 February 1482 – 1498)
* Agostino Tuttavilla (1498–1501)
* Giorgio Maccafani de' Pireto (1501–1516), previously Bishop of
Civita Castellana e Orte (Italy) (24 September 1498 – 1501)
Main sights
Sarno has the ruins of a medieval castle, which belonged to Count Francesco Coppola, who took an important part in the conspiracy of the barons against
Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1485.
Walter III of Brienne
Walter III of Brienne (french: Gautier, it, Gualtiero; died June 1205) was a nobleman from northern France. Becoming Count of Brienne in 1191, Walter married the Sicilian princess Elvira and took an army to southern Italy to claim her inheritanc ...
is buried in the ancient church of ''Santa Maria della Foce'', rebuilt in 1701.
Sarno Cathedral is near the town centre.
References
Sources and external links
*
GCatholic, with incumbent bio links*
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Campania