Sahasranama

' is a Sanskrit term which means "a thousand names".Sir Monier Monier-Williams, ''sahasranAman'', A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Oxford University Press (Reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass), It is also a genre of stotra literature, usually found as a title of the text named after a deity, such as Vishnu Sahasranāma, wherein the deity is remembered by 1,000 names, attributes or epithets.

As stotras, Sahasra-namas are songs of praise, a type of devotional literature. The word is a compound of ' "thousand" and ' "name". A Sahasranāma often includes the names of other deities, suggesting henotheistic equivalence and/or that they may be attributes rather than personal names. Thus the Ganesha Sahasranama list of one thousand names includes Brahma, Vishnu, Shakti, Shiva, Rudra, SadaShiva and others. It also includes epithets such as Jiva (life force), Satya (truth), Param (highest), Jnana (knowledge) and others.श्रीगणपतिसहस्रनामावली
Sri Ganapati Sahasranama, Shree Sharada SahasraNama/श्री शारदा सहस्रनाम dedicated to Sharda Devi,The presiding deity of Kashmir now in Sharada Valley, Muzaffarabad POK SanskritDocuments.Org Archive The Vishnu Sahasranama includes in its list ''work'' and ''jñāna-yājna'' (offering of knowledge) as two attributes of Vishnu. The '' Lalita Sahasranama'', similarly, includes the energies of a goddess that manifest in an individual as desire, wisdom and action.

A sahasranama provides a terse list of attributes, virtues and legends symbolized by a deity. There are also many shorter stotras, containing only 108 names ( 108 being a sacred number in Dharmic religions) and accordingly called ''ashtottara-shata-nāma''.

Chronology

The sahasranamas such as the Vishnu Sahasranama, are not found in early Samhita manuscripts, rather found in medieval and later versions of various Samhitas. One of the significant works on Sahasranama is from the sub-school of Ramanuja and the ''Vishnu Sahasra-namam Bhasya'' (commentary) by 12th-century Parasara Bhattar.

Type

Sahasranamas are used for recitals, in ways such as:

*sravana, listening to recitals of names and glories of God
*nama-sankirtana (), reciting the names of God either set to music or not
*smarana, recalling divine deeds and teaching of divine deeds.
*archana (), worshipping the divine with ritual repetition of divine names.

Hinduism

The most well-known sahasranāmas are:

* Vishnu sahasranama, is a Vaishnavism stotra, and is found in section 13.135 ( Anushasana Parva) of the Mahabharata, and all Puranas linked to Vaishnavism.
* Shiva sahasranama, is a Shaivism stotra, also found in 13.17 of the Mahabharata. It exists in eight different versions. Includes ''Śivasahasranāmakoṣa'', a dictionary of names. This work compares eight versions of the ''Śivasahasranāmāstotra''. The preface and introduction (in English) by Ram Karan Sharma provide an analysis of how the eight versions compare with one another. The text of the eight versions is given in Sanskrit. The best-known version is from Book 13 of the Mahabharata.
* Lalita sahasranama, is a Shaktism stotra. This Devi-related work is found in the .
* Ganesha sahasranama, is a Ganeshism stotra. One version is found in the Ganesha Purana.
*Hanuman Sahasranama, is a Hanuman stotra told by Valmiki. Its origin is unknown and it is attributed to Ramachandra who is the seer for this stotra.

Tantrikas chant the Bhavani Nāma Sahasra Stuti and the Kali Sahasranāma. While the Vishnu and Shiva Sahāsranamas are popular amongst all Hindus, the Lalita Sahasranama is mostly chanted in South India. The Ganesha Sahasranama is mainly chanted by Ganapatya text of Jainism, with thousand names of Jinasena, Ashadhara and Banarasidas, Arhannamasahasrasamuccaya by Acarya Hemacandra.Jain Journal, Volumes 2-3, Jain Bhawan., 1967, p. 125

Sikhism

Guru Arjan of Sikhism, along with his associates, are credited with Sukhmani Sahasranama, composed in ''gauri'' raga, based on Hindu Puranic literature, and dedicated to Waheguru. This 17th-century Sikh text is entirely dedicated to bhakti themes.

See also

* Bhakti
* Names of God
* Bhadrakalpikasutra (thousand names of Buddha, a Buddhist text)

References

Further reading

* C. Ramanujachari. ''The Spiritual heritage of Thiagaraja''. Ramakrishna Students Home, Mylapore, Chennai, 1957.

External links

SahasranAma stotras (160+) at sanskritdocuments.org
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SahasranAmAvalIs (110+) at sanskritdocuments.org
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{{Names of God

Bhakti movement
Hindu philosophical concepts