History
Pre-Columbian period
Spanish period
In 1808, the Spanish explorerMexican period
John Sutter, Sr. first arrived in the area on August 13, 1839, at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of . The next year, his party and he established Sutter's Fort, a massive adobe structure with walls high and thick. Representing Mexico, Sutter Sr. called his colony NewAmerican period
In 1848, when James W. Marshall discovered gold atModern era
The city's current charter was adopted by voters in 1920. As a charter city, Sacramento is exempt from many laws and regulations passed by the California State Legislature, state legislature. The city has expanded continuously over the years. The 1964 merger of the City of North Sacramento with Sacramento substantially increased its population, and large annexations of the Natomas, Sacramento, California, Natomas area eventually led to significant population growth throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Sacramento County (along with a portion of adjacent Placer County, California, Placer County) is served by a customer-owned electric utility, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). Sacramento voters approved the creation of SMUD in 1923. In April 1946, after 12 years of litigation, a judge ordered Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Pacific Gas & Electric to transfer title of Sacramento's electric distribution system to SMUD. Today SMUD is the sixth-largest public electric utility in the U.S., and is a leader for innovative programs and services, including the development of clean fuel resources, such as solar energy, solar power. The year following the creation of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento: Standard Oil executive Verne McGeorge established McGeorge School of Law, American department store Weinstock & Lubin opened a new store at 12th and K street, the US$2 million Senator Hotel was opened, Sacramento's drinking water became filtered and treated drinking water, and Sacramento boxer Georgie Lee fought Francisco Guilledo, a Filipino people, Filipino professional Boxing, boxer known as Pancho Villa, at L Street Auditorium on March 21. Early in World War II, the Sacramento Assembly Center (also known as the Walerga Assembly Center) was established to house Japanese Americans Internment of Japanese Americans, forcibly "evacuated" from the West Coast under Executive Order 9066. The camp was one of fifteen temporary detention facilities where over 110,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of them U.S. citizens, were held while construction on the more permanent War Relocation Authority camps was completed. The assembly center was built on the site of a former migrant labor camp, and inmates began arriving from Sacramento and San Joaquin Counties on May 6, 1942. It closed after only 52 days, on June 26, and the population of 4,739 was transferred to the Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument, Tule Lake concentration camp. The site was then turned over to the Army Signal Corps and dedicated as Camp Kohler. After the war and the end of the incarceration program, returning Japanese Americans were often unable to find housing and so 234 families temporarily lived at the former assembly center. Camp Kohler was destroyed by a fire in December 1947, and the assembly center site is now part of the Foothill Farms-North Highlands subdivision. The Sacramento-Yolo Port District was created in 1947, and ground was broken on the Port of Sacramento in 1949. On June 29, 1963, with 5,000 spectators waiting to welcome her, the Motor Vessel ''Taipei Victory'' arrived. The Nationalist Chinese flagship docked at the Port of Sacramento, being first ocean-going vessel in Sacramento since the steamship ''Harpoon'' in 1934. In 1967, Ronald Reagan became the last Governor of California to live permanently in the city. The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of several local military bases: McClellan Air Force Base, Mather Air Force Base, and Sacramento Army Depot. In 1980, there was another flood. In spite of military base closures and the decline of agricultural food processing, Sacramento has continued to experience population growth in recent years. Primary sources of population growth are an influx of residents from the nearby San Francisco Bay Area, as well as immigration from Asia and Latin America. In 1985, Hugh Scrutton, a 38-year-old Sacramento, California, computer store owner, was killed by a nail-and-splinter-loaded bomb placed in the parking lot of his store. In 1996, his death was attributed to the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski. After acquiring the majority stake in the Sacramento Kings, the team's new owner, Vivek Ranadivé, with the help of the city, agreed to build a new arena in the downtown area. With a final estimated cost of $558.2 million, Sacramento's Golden 1 Center opened on September 30, 2016.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers . 97.81% of it is land, and 2.19% of it is water. Depth to groundwater is typically about . Much of the land to the west of the city (in Yolo County, California, Yolo County) is permanently reserved for a vast flood control basin (the Yolo Bypass), due to the city's historical vulnerability to floods. As a result, the contiguous urban area sprawls only four miles (6 km) west of downtown (as West Sacramento, California) but northeast and east, into the Sierra Nevada foothills, and to the south into valley farmland. The city is at the confluence of theTrees
Sacramento has long been known as the "City of Trees" owing to its abundant urban forest. The city has more trees per capita than anywhere else in the world . The first recorded use of the term was in 1855, and it was popular by the early 20th century. It was not always so: it was at first called the “City of Plains” because of the lack of trees, but soon afterwards there were populus, cottonwood trees planted, and eucalyptus varieties were imported in order to dry out swampland. Later, locust trees, and willows were planted along streets, then elms, then palm trees, then fruit trees in the late 1910s. It was the first US city to be designated a City of Trees by the Arbor Day Foundation in 1978. In the early 21st century, the tree cover is well above that of the average tree cover of other major cities in the United States and the rest of the world, with the main species the London plane. Other species are being introduced to increase diversity and to help cope with the effects of climate change on vegetation in the future. Treepedia, a project run by MIT using Google Maps’ street-view data to calculate tree coverage in cities, ranked Sacramento the greenest city of 15 studied in the US, and third globally, after Vancouver and Singapore. A prominent water tower bore the slogan "City of Trees" until 2017, when it was repainted with the words "America’s Farm-to-Fork Capital" (referring to the farm-to-fork movement, which promotes consumption of locally-grown food). After 4,000 displeased citizens signed a petition protesting the change, officials agreed to include both slogans on the water tower.Cityscape
City neighborhoods
The city groups most of its neighborhoods into four areas: * Area One: Alkali Flat, Boulevard Park, Sacramento, California, Boulevard Park, Campus Commons, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento State, Dos Rios Triangle, Downtown, Sacramento, California, Downtown, East Sacramento, Sacramento, California, East Sacramento, Fab Forties, Mansion Flats, Marshall School, Midtown Sacramento, Midtown, New Era Park, Sacramento, California, New Era Park, McKinley Village, Sacramento, California#Newton Booth Historic District, Newton Booth, Old Sacramento State Historic Park, Old Sacramento, Sacramento, California#Poverty Ridge Historic District, Poverty Ridge, Richards, Richmond Grove, River Park, Elmhurst, Sierra Oaks, Southside Park, Sacramento, California, Southside Park. * Area Two: Airport, Carleton Tract, Freeport Manor, Golf Course Terrace, Pocket-Greenhaven, Sacramento, California, Greenhaven, Curtis Park, Hollywood Park, Land Park, Sacramento, California, Land Park, Little Pocket, Mangan Park, Meadowview, Sacramento, California, Meadowview, Parkway, Pocket-Greenhaven, Sacramento, California, Pocket, Sacramento City College, Land Park, Sacramento, California#South Land Park, South Land Park, Valley Hi / North Laguna, Z'Berg Park. * Area Three: Alhambra Triangle, Avondale, Brentwood, Carleton Tract, Colonial Heights, Sacramento, California, Colonial Heights, Colonial Manor, Curtis Park, Sacramento, California, Curtis Park, Elmhurst, Sacramento, California, Elmhurst, Fairgrounds, Florin, California, Florin, Fruitridge Manor, Glen Elder, Glenbrook, Granite Regional Park, Industrial Park, Lawrence Park, Med Center, North City Farms, Oak Park, Sacramento, California, Oak Park, Packard Bell, South City Farms, Southeast Village, Tahoe Park, Sacramento, California, Tahoe Park, Tahoe Park, Sacramento, California#Tahoe Park East, Tahoe Park East, Tahoe Park South, Tallac Village, Vintage Park, Churchill Downs, and Woodbine. * Area Four: Ben Ali, Sacramento, California, Ben Ali, Del Paso Heights, Sacramento, California, Del Paso Heights, Gardenland, Hagginwood, McClellan Heights West, Natomas, Sacramento, California, Natomas (north, south, west), North Sacramento, Northgate, Robla, Sacramento, California, Robla, Swanston Estates, Terrace Manor, Valley View Acres, Sacramento, California, Valley View Acres, and Woodlake. Additional prominent regions and neighborhoods in the city include American River Parkway, Arden-Arcade, Arden Fair, Cal Expo, Capital Avenue, Coffing, College Glen, College Greens, Cordova, Creekside, East Fruitridge, Elder Creek, Elkhorn, Elvas, Erikson Industrial Park, Excelsior Sunrise, Foothill Farms, Franklin, Frates Ranch, Gateway Center, Gateway West, Glenwood Meadows, Hansen Park, Heritage Park, Johnson Business Park, Johnson Heights, Mayhew, Metro Center, Mills, Natomas Corporate Center, Natomas Creek, Natomas Crossing, Natomas Park, Newton Booth, Noralto, Northpointe, Norwood, Oak Knoll, Old North Sacramento, Parker Homes, Point West, Raley Industrial Park, Regency Park, Richardson Village, Richmond Grove, Rosemont, Sierra Oaks, Sports Complex, Strawberry Manor, Sundance Lake, Swanston Palms, Town and Country Village, Upper Land Park, Village 5, Village 7, Village 12, Village 14, Village Green, Walerga, Walsh Station, West Del Paso Heights, Westlake, Willowcreek, Wills Acres, Winn Park, Woodside and Youngs Heights.Climate
Sacramento has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification, Köppen ''Csa''), characterized by very hot, dry summers and cool winters with a decent amount of rainfall. The wet season is generally October through April, though there may be a day or two of light rainfall in June or September. The normal annual mean temperature is , with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from in December to in July. Summer heat is sometimes moderated by a sea breeze known as the "delta breeze" which comes through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta from the San Francisco Bay, and temperatures cool down sharply at night. The foggiest months are December and January. Tule fog can be extremely dense, lowering visibility to less than and making driving conditions extremely hazardous. Chilling tule fog events have been known to last for several consecutive days or weeks. During Tule fog events, temperatures do not exceed . Snowfall is rare in Sacramento, which is only Above mean sea level, above sea level. In the downtown area, only three significant snow accumulations have occurred since 1900, the last one being in 1976. During especially cold winter and spring storms, intense showers do occasionally produce a significant amount of hail, which can create hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall in the city often melts upon ground contact, with traceable amounts occurring in some years. Significant annual snow accumulations occur in the foothills east of the city, which had brief and traceable amounts of snowfall in January 2002, December 2009, and February 2011. The greatest snowfall ever recorded in Sacramento was on January 5, 1888. On average, there are 76 days with a high of +, and 14 days with a high of +; On the other extreme, there are 8.5 days where the temperature remains below , and 15 freezing nights per year. Official temperature extremes range from on December 22, 1990, to on September 6, 2022; a station around east-southeast of the city dipped to on December 11, 1932. The average annual precipitation is . On average, precipitation falls on 58 days each year in Sacramento, and nearly all of this falls during the winter months. Average January rainfall is , and measurable precipitation is rare during the summer months. In February 1992, Sacramento had 16 consecutive days of rain, resulting in an accumulation of for the period. On rare occasions, monsoonal moisture surges from the Desert Southwest can bring upper-level moisture to the Sacramento region, leading to increased summer cloudiness, humidity, and even light showers and thunderstorms. Monsoon clouds do occur, usually during late July through early September. Sacramento is the second most flood susceptible city in the United States after New Orleans. Sacramento has been noted as being the sunniest location on the planet for four months of the year, from May through August. It holds the distinction as the sunniest month, in terms of percent possible sunshine, of anywhere in the world; July in Sacramento averages 14 hours and 12 minutes of sunshine per day, amounting to approximately 100% of possible sunshine. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained Sacramento's water security.Demographics
In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for ''Time'' magazine named Sacramento "America's Most Diverse City." The U.S. Census Bureau also groups Sacramento with other U.S. cities having a "high diversity" rating of the diversity index. Moreover, Sacramento is one of the most well-integrated U.S. cities, having a relatively high level of ethnic and racial heterogeneity within its neighborhoods. The Chinese are the largest Asian ethnic group in Sacramento, followed by Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese and Hmong.2010 census
The 2010 United States Census reported Sacramento had a population of 466,488. The population density was . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 138,165 persons (26.9%); 22.6% of Sacramento's population is of Mexican heritage which amounts to over four-fifths of the city's Hispanic/Latino diaspora, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Salvadoran, 0.2% Guatemalan, and 0.2% Nicaraguan. Non-Hispanic Whites were 34.5% of the population in 2010, down from 71.4% in 1970. The Census reported 458,174 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,268 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,046 (0.9%) were institutionalized. The recent housing crash has not impacted these numbers. There were 174,624 households, out of which 57,870 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 65,556 (37.5%) were marriage, opposite-sex married couples living together, 27,640 (15.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 10,534 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 13,234 (7.6%) POSSLQ, unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2,498 (1.4%) Domestic partnership in California, same-sex married couples or partnerships. 53,342 households (30.5%) were made up of individuals, and 14,926 (8.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62. There were 103,730 family (U.S. Census), families (59.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.37. The age distribution of the city was follows: 116,121 people (24.9%) were under the age of 18, 52,438 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 139,093 people (29.8%) aged 25 to 44, 109,416 people (23.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49,420 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. There were 190,911 housing units at an average density of , of which 86,271 (49.4%) were owner-occupied, and 88,353 (50.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 231,593 people (49.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 226,581 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units. Sacramento has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita, ranking seventh among major American cities, and third in California behind San Francisco and slightly behind Oakland, with roughly 10% of the city's total population identifying themselves as gay, lesbian, transgender, or bisexual. Lavender Heights, Sacramento, California, Lavender Heights is the hub for LGBTQ activities in the city and is a centrally located district in Midtown Sacramento centered within and around K & 20th streets.Economy
The Sacramento metropolitan area is the fifth largest in California after the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the San Francisco Bay Area, the Inland Empire, and the San Diego metropolitan area, and is the Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 27th largest in the United States.Top employers
As of 2019, the top employers in the County of Sacramento were:Culture
Museums
Sacramento is home to several major museums. ThePerforming arts
The Sacramento Ballet, Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra and the Sacramento Opera perform at the SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center (formerly known as the Community Center Theater). There are several major theater venues in Sacramento. The Sacramento Convention Center Complex governs both the SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center and Memorial Auditorium (Sacramento), Memorial Auditorium. The H Street Theatre Complex consists of the Wells Fargo Pavilion, built in 2003 atop the old Music Circus tent foundations, the McClatchy Mainstage and the Pollock Stage, originally built as a television studio and renovated at the same time the Pavilion was built. These smaller venues seat 300 and 90, offering a more intimate presentation than the 2300-seat Pavilion. The Eagle Theatre (Sacramento, California), Eagle Theatre in Old Sacramento is a reconstruction of the oldest permanent theater in California and hosts several performances year round. The newest venue in the city, the Sophia Tsakopoulos Center for the Arts, consists of the 365-seat Sutter Theatre for Children and the Mainstage, seating 250. Professional theatre is represented in Sacramento by a number of companies. Broadway Sacramento and its locally produced summer stock theatre, Broadway at Music Circus, lures many directors, performers, and artists from New York and Los Angeles to work alongside a large local staff at the Wells Fargo Pavilion. During the fall, winter and spring seasons Broadway Sacramento brings bus and truck tours to the SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center. Resident at the H Street Theatre Complex for the remainder of the year (from September to May), the Sacramento Theatre Company prepares to celebrate its 75th season, beginning in the Fall of 2019. In addition to a traditional regional theatre fare of classical plays and musicals, the Sacramento Theatre Company has a large School of the Arts with a variety of opportunities for arts education. The B Street Theatre, having completed its 2018 move into the new Sophia Tsokopoulos Center for the Arts, continues its pursuit of producing smaller and more intimate professional works for families and children. Rounding out the professional companies is Capital Stage, which performed aboard the Delta King until the end of the 2010–2011 season and soon took up residence at its own venue along the J-Street corridor. The Sacramento area has one of the largest collections of community theatres in California. Some of these include the Thistle Dew Dessert Theatre and Playwrights Workshop, Davis Musical Theatre Co., El Dorado Musical Theatre, Runaway Stage Productions, River City Theatre Company, Flying Monkey Productions, The Actor's Theatre, KOLT Run Productions, Kookaburra Productions, Big Idea Theatre, Celebration Arts, Lambda Player, Light Opera Theatre of Sacramento, Synergy Stage and the historic Eagle Theatre. The Sacramento Shakespeare Festival provides entertainment under the stars every summer in William Land Park. Many of these theatres compete annually for the Elly Awards overseen by The Sacramento Area Regional Theatre Alliance or SARTA.Visual arts
The Sacramento Metropolitan Arts Commission is an organization that was established as the Sacramento arts council in 1977 to provide several arts programs for the city. These include Art in Public Places, Arts Education, Grants and Cultural Programs, Poet Laureate Program, Arts Stabilization Programs and Other Resources and opportunities. Sacramento Second Saturday Art Walk is a program of local art galleries that stay open into the late evenings every second Saturday of each month, providing a unique experience for the local population as well as tourists to view original art and meet the artists themselves. Sacramento is also home to the Wide Open Walls (Sacramento Mural Festival), Wide Open Walls Festival where artists from across the world have added more than 140 murals across the city since the festival's inception in 2016. Sacramento is home to one of California's oldest Latino cultural centers, the Latino Center of Art and Culture The Latino Center of Art and Culture was founded in the early ‘70's by activist Chicano students to combat racism and instill pride in the Chicano community. Known as La Raza Galeria it was home to artists like Ricardo Favela, José Montoya and Esteban Villa who formed the Chicano artist collective, the Royal Chicano Air Force. LCAC maintains legacy of activism for cultural equity, accessibility to the arts, social justice. The center is a community hub offering support to emerging Latino artists and produces live programming.Music
Tower Records (music retailer), Tower Records was started and based in Sacramento until its closing. *a "I was born and raised in Sacramento, California, which most people don't know is where Tower Records (music retailer), Tower started and was based until the end." – ¶ 4. Classical music is widely available. The Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra, the Sacramento Baroque Soloists, the Sacramento Choral Society & Orchestra, the Sacramento Youth Symphony, the Sacramento Master Singers, the Sacramento Children's Chorus, and the Camellia Symphony each present a full season of concerts. Each year, the city hosts the Sammies, the Sacramento Music Awards. Sacramento also has a reputation as a center for Dixieland jazz, because of the Sacramento Jazz Jubilee which was held every Memorial Day weekend until 2017. Events and performances are held in multiple locations throughout the city. Each year thousands of jazz fans from all over the world visit for this one weekend. A growing number of rock, Hardcore punk, hardcore and Heavy metal music, metal bands hail from the Sacramento area, including Tesla (band), Tesla, AS IS, Deftones, Papa Roach, Will Haven, Trash Talk (band), Trash Talk, Dance Gavin Dance, A Lot Like Birds, Far (band), Far, Cake (band), CAKE, !!!, Oleander (band), Oleander and Steel Breeze; plus some other famous musicians like record producer and recording artist Charlie Peacock, Duane Leinan, Bob Stubbs of Social Distortion and Craig Chaquico of Jefferson Starship. Sacramento is home to several music festivals throughout the year. Since 2012, Sacramento hosts the four day Aftershock Festival at Discovery Park (Sacramento), Discovery Park where acclaimed bands such as Evanescence, Kiss (band), Kiss, and Muse (band), Muse perform for up to 160,000 visitors. Other notable music festivals include the country based GoldenSky Festival and soul and R&B based Sol Blume festival. Scottish pop band Middle of the Road (band), Middle of the Road sang kindly of Sacramento in their 1972 European hit song "Sacramento (A Wonderful Town), Sacramento". Experimental groups such as Hella (band), Hella, Death Grips, and Tera Melos also come out of Sacramento. Rappers C-Bo, Marvaless, Lunasicc, Mozzy, Hobo Johnson and Chuuwee are among those native to the area.Film
Sacramento is home to the Sacramento French Film Festival, a cultural event held every year in July that features U.S. premieres of French films and classic masterpieces of French cinema and the Sacramento Japanese Film Festival, also held in July. In addition, Sacramento is home to the Trash Film Orgy, a summer film festival celebrating the absurd, B-movies, horror, monster, and exploitation films. Founded in 2007, the Sacramento Horror Film Festival showcases feature-length and short films as well as live musical and theatrical performances in the horror and macabre genres. Of note, Sacramento has been home to various actors, including Eddie Murphy, who resided in the Riverlake community of Pocket-Greenhaven with his then wife Nicole Mitchell Murphy, a fashion model and Sacramento native. It is also the home of director Greta Gerwig, whose solo directorial debut Lady Bird (film), ''Lady Bird'' is set in Sacramento.Landmarks
;Old Sacramento The oldest part of the town besides Sutter's Fort is Old Sacramento State Historic Park, Old Sacramento, which consists of cobbled streets and many historic buildings, several from the 1850s and 1860s. Buildings have been preserved, restored, or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction, with rides on steam-powered historic trains and horse-drawn carriages. ;Poverty Ridge Historic District The Poverty Ridge Historic District is within Sacramento's original 1848 street grid and bounded to the west by 21st Street, to the north by S Street, to the east by 23rd Street, to the south by W Street and U.S. Route 50, and includes the block bounded by 20th Street, 21st Street, S Street, and T Street. The Poverty Ridge Historic District was considered to be Sacramento's wealthiest neighborhood from 1868 to 1947. ;Historic Chinatown The Opium Wars of the 1840s and 1850s, along with the Gold Rush, brought many Chinese people to California. Most arrived at San Francisco, which was then the largest city in California and known as "Daai Fau" (). Some eventually came to Sacramento, then the second-largest city in California and consequently called "Yee Fow" (). Today the city is known as "" () by Mainland Chinese and as "" ''Sāgāmíhndouh'' and ''Shājiāmiǎnduó'' by Cantonese speakers and Taiwanese respectively. Sacramento's Chinatowns in the United States, Chinatown was on "I" Street from Second to Sixth Streets. At the time, this area of "I" Street was considered a health hazard because, lying within a levee zone, it was lower than other parts of the city, which were situated on higher land. Throughout Sacramento's Chinatown history, there were fires, acts of discrimination, and prejudicial legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act that was not repealed until 1943. The mysterious fires were thought to be set off by those who did not take a liking to the Chinese working class. Ordinances on what was viable building material were set into place to try to get the Chinese to move out. Newspapers such as The Sacramento Union wrote stories at the time that portrayed the Chinese in an unfavorable light to inspire ethnic discrimination and drive the Chinese away. While most of Sacramento's Chinatown has now been razed, a small Chinatown mall remains as well as a museum dedicated to the history of Sacramento's Chinatown. ;Newton Booth Historic District The Newton Booth Historic District, named for Newton Booth, is located in the southeast corner of Sacramento's original 1848 street grid.Cuisine
In 2012, Sacramento started the marketing campaign as "America's Farm-to-Fork Capital" due to Sacramento's many restaurants that source their food from the numerous surrounding farms. The city has an annual Farm-to-Fork festival that showcases various grocers, restaurants, and growers in the industry. In 2012, one of the city's farm-to-fork restaurants The Kitchen (California restaurant), The Kitchen was nominated for Outstanding Restaurant by the James Beard Foundation. It continues to excel, earning the American Automobile Association, AAA's Five Diamond dining award since 2011. It received its first Michelin Guide#Stars, Michelin star on June 3, 2019, becoming the city's first Michelin-starred restaurant. In 2022 Localis became the second Michelin star restaurant in the city. Sacramento is home to well-known cookbook authors, Biba Caggiano of Biba's Restaurant and Mai Pham of Lemongrass and Star Ginger. Sacramento is also known for its beverage culture, with keystone events that include Cal Expo's Grape and Gourmet, Sacramento Beer Week, and Sacramento Cocktail Week. Its growing beer scene is evident, with over 60 microbreweries in the region as of 2017. Some local brews include Track 7 Brewing Company, Big Stump Brew Co, Oak Park Brewing Co., and Sactown Union Brewery. Numerous beer festivals around the region highlight both local and visitor beers. In addition to festivals in Elk Grove, Davis, Roseville, Placerville, and Woodland, Sacramento hosts the annual California Beer Craft Summit, an exposition dedicated to the art of brewing. The summit also hosts the largest beer festival on the West Coast, featuring over 160 breweries in downtown Sacramento. Sacramento's contemporary culture is reflected in its coffee. An "underrated coffee city", Sacramento has above-average marks for local coffee. The city has numerous community roasters and coffee shops. Examples include Temple Coffee, Insight Coffee Roasters, Old Soul Co., Chocolate Fish Roasters, Naked Lounge, Pachamama Coffee Cooperative, and Identity Coffees. In addition to local brands, the region offers other chains such as Starbucks, Peet's Coffee & Tea, and Philz Coffee.Sports
Sacramento is home to one major league sports team – the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association. The Kings came to Sacramento from Kansas City in 1985. On January 21, 2013, a controlling interest of the Sacramento Kings was sold to hedge fund manager Chris R. Hansen, Chris Hansen, who intended to move the franchise to Seattle for the 2013–2014 NBA season and rename the team the Seattle SuperSonics. Sacramento Mayor Kevin Johnson (basketball), Kevin Johnson, himself a former NBA basketball player, fought the move, forming an ownership group led by Vivek Ranadive to keep the Kings in Sacramento. On May 16, 2013, the NBA Board of Governors voted 22–8 to keep the Kings in Sacramento. Sacramento has two other professional teams. Sacramento Republic FC began play in April 2014 at Charles C. Hughes Stadium, Hughes Stadium before a sellout crowd of 20,231, setting a USL Pro regular-season single game attendance record. They now play in Papa Murphy's Park. Republic FC won the United Soccer League, USL championship in their first season. In October 2019, Republic FC's Major League Soccer expansion bid was approved; the team was expected to begin MLS play in the 2022 season, until being delayed by COVID-19 to the 2023 season. However, as of February 26, 2021, the bid is on indefinite hiatus. In 2000, AAA minor league baseball returned to Sacramento with the Sacramento River Cats, an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants and formerly an affiliate of the Oakland Athletics. The River Cats play at Sutter Health Park, in West Sacramento. The Sacramento State Hornets football, Sacramento State Hornets of the NCAA Division I, NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) play at Hornet Stadium (Sacramento), Hornet Stadium as part of the Big Sky Conference. Since 1954, the Hornets have won seven conference titles and have participated in four playoff appearances and two bowl games. Sacramento is the former home of two professional basketball teams. The Sacramento Heatwave of the American Basketball Association (21st century), American Basketball Association previously played in the Sacramento area until 2013. Sacramento was also formerly home to the now defunct Sacramento Monarchs of the Women's National Basketball Association, WNBA. The Monarchs were one of the eight founding members of the WNBA in 1997 and won the WNBA Championship in 2005, but folded in November 2009. Sacramento has frequently hosted the NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship as well as the first and second rounds of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. The California International Marathon (est. 1983) attracts a field of international elite runners who vie for a share of the $50,000 prize purse. The fast course is popular for runners seeking to achieve a Boston Marathon qualifying time and fitness runners.Parks and recreation
Sacramento boasts an extensive park system consisting of over of parkland and recreation centers. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, Trust for Public Land, The Trust for Public Land reported Sacramento was tied with San Francisco and Boston for having the third best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities. ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents. The city features a collection of smaller parks in the downtown district, including Crocker Park, Roosevelt Park, Fremont Park, and Southside Park and is home to basketball courts, playgrounds, and year-round farmers markets and local events. In addition, Cesar Chavez Plaza is home to concerts in the summer time and is a well known rallying spot for gatherings. In addition, surrounding theGovernment
Sacramento is both the capital city of California and the county seat ofCity government
The government of Sacramento, California, Government of Sacramento operates as a charter city (as opposed to a general law city) under the Charter of the City of Sacramento. The elected government is composed of theCalifornian government
As theState and federal representation
In the California State Senate, Sacramento is the heart of the California's 6th State Senate district, 6th district, represented by Democrat Richard Pan. In the California State Assembly, it is split between , and . In the United States House of Representatives, Sacramento forms the majority of the .Education
Higher education
The Sacramento area hosts a wide variety of higher educational opportunities. There are two major public universities, many private institutions, community colleges, vocational schools, and the McGeorge School of Law. Sacramento is home to California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento State (California State University, Sacramento), founded as Sacramento State College in 1947. In 2004, enrollment was 22,555 undergraduates and 5,417 graduate students in the university's eight colleges. The university's mascot is the hornet, and the school colors are green and gold. The campus is along the American River Parkway a few miles east of downtown. The University of California has a campus, UC Davis, in nearby Davis, California, Davis and has a graduate center in downtown Sacramento. The UC Davis Graduate School of Management (GSM) is near thePrimary and secondary education
The Sacramento Public Library system has 28 branches in the greater area. The Sacramento area is served by various public school districts, including the Sacramento City Unified School District, Natomas Unified School District, San Juan Unified School District, Twin Rivers Unified School District, and Elk Grove Unified School District. As of 2009, the area's schools employed 9,600 elementary school teachers (not including special education teachers), and 7,410 middle school teachers (not including special education or vocational teachers). Almost all areas south of the American River are served by the Sacramento City Unified School District. The only exceptions are the Valley Hi/North Laguna and Florin areas served by the Elk Grove Unified School District. Areas north of the American River are served by the remaining school districts. This area was not originally part of the City of Sacramento and as such is not served by Sacramento City Unified School District. North Sacramento outside of Natomas and Robla (for K-8) is served by the Twin Rivers Unified School District. The Robla area is served by the Robla School District for K-8 and by Twin Rivers for 9–12. The Natomas, Sacramento, California, Natomas region is served by the Natomas Unified School District. The Campus Commons area and the small portions of the Sierra Oaks neighborhood that fall into the city of Sacramento are served by the San Juan Unified School District. While Roman Catholic institutions still dominate the independent school scene in the Sacramento area, in 1964, Sacramento Country Day School opened and offered Sacramento citizens an independent school affiliated with the California Association of Independent Schools. SCDS has grown to its present-day status as a learning community for students from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. Additionally, the suburb of Fair Oaks hosts the expansive riverside campus of the Sacramento Waldorf School, a Waldorf Education, Steiner school adjacent to the Rudolf Steiner College, and the largest Waldorf school in North America. Sacramento Waldorf School educates students from pre-K through 12th grade on a secluded, pastoral site that incorporates a large, functioning biodynamic agriculture, biodynamic farm. Shalom School is the only Jewish day school in Sacramento; however, Brookefield School on property owned by Congregation B'nai Israel provides extracurricular Jewish education. Capital Christian School is a pre-school–12th grade private Christian school. There is a small Bible college on campus offering associate degrees in Bible studies or theology. Sacramento Adventist Academy is another Christian school in Greater Sacramento. This is a pre-school–12 institution, as well. There is one Islamic school in Sacramento, Masjid Annur, founded in 1988.Media
Magazines
*''Comstock's Magazine'' *''Government Technology Magazine'' *''Sacramento Magazine'' *''Sactown Magazine''Newspapers
; Top two newspapers *''The Sacramento Bee'', the primary newspaper, was founded in 1857 by James McClatchy. ''The Sacramento Bee'' is the flagship paper of The McClatchy Company, the second-largest newspaper publisher in the United States. The ''Sacramento Bee'' has won five Pulitzer Prizes in its history and numerous other awards, including many for its progressive public service campaigns promoting free speech (the ''Bee'' often criticized government policy, and uncovered many scandals hurting Californians), anti-racism (the ''Bee'' supported the Union during the American Civil War and later publicly denounced the Ku Klux Klan), worker's rights (the ''Bee'' has a strong history of supporting unionization), and environmental protection (leading numerous tree-planting campaigns and fighting against environmental destruction in the Sierra Nevada). * The ''Sacramento Union'', the ''Sacramento Bee''s rival, started publishing six years earlier, in 1851; it closed its doors in 1994, with an attempted revival lasting from 2005 to 2009. Writer and journalist Mark Twain wrote for the ''Union'' in 1866. ;Other newspapers *''Sacramento Business Journal'' *''Sacramento News & Review'' *''The Sacramento Observer''Transportation
A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Sacramento the 24th most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.Roads
Sacramento is a control city and the region is served by several highways and freeways. Interstate 80 (California), Interstate 80 (I-80) is the major east–west route, connecting Sacramento with San Francisco in the west, and Reno, Nevada, Reno in the east. Interstate 80 Business (Sacramento, California), Business 80 (the Capital City Freeway) splits from I-80 in West Sacramento, California, West Sacramento, runs through Sacramento, and then rejoins its parent in the northwest portion of the city. U.S. Route 50 (California), U.S. Highway 50 also begins its eastern journey in West Sacramento, Concurrency (road), co-signed with Business 80, but then splits off and heads toward South Lake Tahoe, California, South Lake Tahoe as the El Dorado Freeway. A sign at the eastern terminus of US 50 in Ocean City, Maryland, gives the distance to Sacramento as . Interstate 5 (California), Interstate 5 (I-5) runs through Sacramento, heads north up to Redding, California, Redding, and then heads south near the western edge of the California Central Valley towards Los Angeles. California State Route 99, California State Highway 99 runs through Sacramento, heading closer to the eastern edge of the Central Valley, connecting to Marysville, California, Marysville and Yuba City, California, Yuba City in the north, and Fresno and Bakersfield in the south. California State Route 160, California State Highway 160 approaches the city after running along theRail service
Amtrak provides passenger rail service to the city of Sacramento. The Sacramento Valley Rail Station is on the corner of 5th and I streets near the historic Old Town Sacramento and underwent extensive renovations in 2007. The station serves as a Sacramento RT Light Rail, Sacramento Regional Transit District Light Rail terminus. Amtrak California operates the ''Capitol Corridor (Amtrak), Capitol Corridor'', a multiple-frequency service providing service from the capital city to its northeastern suburbs and the San Francisco Bay Area. Sacramento is the northern terminus of the Amtrak California ''San Joaquins'' route which provide direct multiple-frequency passenger rail service to California's Central Valley as far as Bakersfield, California, Bakersfield; Thruway Motorcoach connections are available from the trains at Bakersfield to Southern California and Southern Nevada. An additional service under this banner is expected to be routed through Midtown in 2020. Sacramento is a stop along Amtrak's ''Coast Starlight'' route which provides scenic service to Seattle via Klamath Falls, Oregon, Klamath Falls and Portland, Oregon, Portland to the north and to Los Angeles via San Luis Obispo, California, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara to the south. Amtrak's ''California Zephyr'' serves Sacramento daily and provides service to the east serving Reno, Nevada, Reno, Salt Lake City, Utah, Salt Lake, Denver, Colorado, Denver, Omaha, Nebraska, Omaha, Chicago, Illinois, Chicago and intermediate cities. The Sacramento Valley Rail Station provides numerous Thruway Motorcoach routes. One route serves the cities of Marysville, California, Marysville, Oroville, California, Oroville, Chico, California, Chico, Corning, California, Corning, Red Bluff, California, Red Bluff and Redding, California, Redding with additional service to Yreka, California, Yreka and even Medford, Oregon. A second serves the cities of Roseville, California, Roseville, Rocklin, California, Rocklin, Auburn, California, Auburn, Colfax, California, Colfax, Truckee, California, Truckee, Reno and Sparks, Nevada, Sparks. The third and final thruway motorcoach route serves Placerville, California, Placerville, Lake Tahoe, Stateline, Nevada, Stateline Casinos, and Carson City, Nevada. Each of these routes provides multiple frequencies each day. Sacramento has the second busiest Amtrak station in California and the seventh busiest in the country. Altamont Corridor Express commuter rail service is expected to be routed through Sacramento in 2020. This service will utilize the Union Pacific's Sacramento Subdivision, the route of the original ''California Zephyr'', where additional passenger capacity is available. Sacramento is expected to serve as the northern terminus of the California High-Speed Rail system.Airport
Transit
The city and its suburbs are served by Sacramento Regional Transit District, which ranks as List of United States Light Rail systems by ridership, the eleventh busiest in the United States. Sac RT is a bus and light-rail system, with 274 buses and 76 light-rail vehicles providing service for 58,200 daily passengers. The three light-rail lines (Blue, Gold, & Green) is a system with 54 stations. The Gold Line was extended east as far as the city of Folsom, California, Folsom, and more recently the Blue Line was extended south from Meadowview Rd to Cosumnes River College. Sacramento's light rail system goes to the Sacramento Valley Rail Station, Cosumnes River College (Sacramento RT), Cosumnes River College Station in south Sacramento, and north to Watt/I-80 where I-80 and Business 80 meet. The light-rail Blue & Gold Lines have 15-minute weekday headways and 30-minute weekday evening and weekend/holiday headways; the Green Line has 30-minute weekday headways and no weekend service. Route 142 is an express bus line to/from Downtown Sacramento, downtown to Sacramento International Airport. There are expansion plans to extend the Green Line to the Sacramento International Airport, airport and the Blue Line to the City of Roseville, California, Roseville through the City of Citrus Heights, California, Citrus Heights. Yolobus provides bus service to West Sacramento, California, West Sacramento and Yolo County, California, Yolo County. Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service to Portland, Reno, Los Angeles, and San Francisco from its new station along Richards Boulevard. Intercity bus service to San Francisco and Sparks, Nevada is offered by Megabus (North America), Megabus. Bicycling is an increasingly popular transportation mode in Sacramento, which enjoys a mild climate and flat terrain. Bicycling is especially common in the older neighborhoods of Sacramento's center, such as Alkali Flat, Midtown Sacramento, Midtown, McKinley Park, Land Park, and East Sacramento. Many employees who work downtown commute by bicycle from suburban communities on a dedicated bicycle path on the American River Parkway. Sacramento was designated as a Silver Level Bicycle Friendly Community by the League of American Bicyclists in September 2006. The advocacy organization Sacramento Area Bicycle Advocates co-sponsors the Sacramento Area Council of Governments' May is Bike Month campaign. Rideshare companies such as Lime (transportation company), Lime, Bird (transportation company), Bird, and Helbiz have introduced up to 4,000 electric powered scooters and bikes in Downtown Sacramento for residents to rent as a faster and alternative way to get around the city. Sacramento ranks second worldwide in ride sharables, with ridership totaling 1 million riders in 8 months. There is a commuter bus service from Yolo County on Yolobus, from Solano County on Fairfield and Suisun Transit, FAST, on two bus lines from Yuba County, California, Yuba County's Yuba Sutter Transit, from Amador County, California, Amador Transit's Sacramento Line, on Placer County Transit's Auburn to Light Rail Line, and from San Joaquin County, California, San Joaquin County on several San Joaquin Regional Transit District, SMART bus lines.Notable people
International relations
As of 2015, the City of Sacramento has 13 Sister city, sister cities. They are:See also
*List of mayors of Sacramento, California *List of people from Sacramento, California *Northern California MegaregionNotes
References
External links
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