''Syricoris lacunana'', the dark strawberry tortrix, is a small

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Tortricidae The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the gen ...

. It is found in the

Palearctic realm The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ...

. Like its congeners, it is sometimes still placed in the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

Celypha ''Celypha'' is a genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to the tribe Olethreutini of subfamily Olethreutinae.Baixeras ''et al.'' (2009a) The closely related genus ''Syricoris'' is sometimes included in ''Celypha''. Taxonomy ...

''.

Synonyms

Junior synonyms of this species are: * ''Argyroploce lacunana'' var. ''lucivaganoides'' Strand, 1920 * ''Argyroploce symmathetes'' Caradja, 1916 * ''Celypha lacunana'' (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) * ''Loxoterma lacunana'' (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) * ''Olethreutes pallidana'' Hauder, 1918 * ''Orthotaenia alternana'' Curtis, 1831 * ''Pyralis decussana'' Fabricius, 1775 * ''Penthina lacunana'' var. ''hoffmanniana'' Teich, 1890 * ''Sericoris herbana'' Guenée, 1845 * ''Sericoris lacunana'' f. ''fuscoapicalis'' Strand, 1901 * ''Sericoris rooana'' Degraff, 1861 * ''Syricoris alticola'' Gibeaux, 1990 * ''Syricoris hoffmanniana'' (Teich, 1890) * ''Syricoris lacunana alticola'' Gibeaux, 1990 * ''Syricoris lucivaganoides'' (Strand, 1920) * ''Tortrix lacunana'' Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775

Description

''Syricoris lacunana'' has a

wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan ...

of . The forewings show various shades of gray brown crossed by a few thin irregular silvery lines. The caterpillars can reach a length of about and are coloured brown to dark brown. These moths are quite variable and can be confused with some other species ('' Olethreutes obsoletana'', ''

Celypha doubledayana ''Celypha'' is a genus of tortrix moths ( family Tortricidae). It belongs to the tribe Olethreutini of subfamily Olethreutinae.Baixeras ''et al.'' (2009a) The closely related genus '' Syricoris'' is sometimes included in ''Celypha''. Taxono ...

'', ''

Orthotaenia undulana ''Orthotaenia undulana'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm. The wingspan is 15–20 mm. It is light, beige and white with dark areas. When resting on a surface, it is well camouflaged and can resemble ...

'').Julius von Kennel provides a full description.

Julius von Kennel Julius von Kennel (10 June 1854 – 24 January 1939) was a German zoologist and entomologist born in Schwegenheim. He studied at the University of Würzburg, where he came under the influence of zoologist Karl Semper (1832-1893). Later, he ...

, 1921, ''The Palaearktischen Tortriciden, eine monographische Darstellung''. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 742 pp. -

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ...

, a monograp
pdf at Zobodat
411 Tortricidae - Celypha (Syricoris) lacunana - Caterpillar

Biology

The adult moths are active at dusk and fly from late April to September in the

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

part of their range (e.g.

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...

and

the Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Nether ...

). The caterpillars can be encountered from April to September. It is a

univoltine Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism. ...

species. The larvae are polyphagous, feeding on various

herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition ...

s (''

Daucus ''Daucus'' is a worldwide genus of herbaceous plants of the celery family Apiaceae of which the best-known species is the cultivated carrot. ''Daucus'' has about 25 species. The oldest carrot fossil is 1.3 Ma, and was found on the island of Mad ...

'' spec., '' Succisa'' spec., '' Ononis'' sp., ''

Mentha ''Mentha'' (also known as mint, from Greek , Linear B ''mi-ta'') is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae (mint family). The exact distinction between species is unclear; it is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist. Hybridization occurs n ...

'' sp., ''

Caltha ''Caltha'' is a genus of rhizomatous perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae ("buttercup family"), to which ten species have been assigned. They occur in moist environments in temperate and cold regions of both the Northern and S ...

'' sp., ''

Ranunculus ''Ranunculus'' is a large genus of about almost 1700 to more than 1800 species of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Members of the genus are known as buttercups, spearworts and water crowfoots. The genus is distributed in Europe, ...

'' sp., '' Inula'' sp., ''

Cirsium ''Cirsium'' is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles. These differ from other thistle genera ('' Carduus'', ''Sily ...

'' sp., ''

Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums (), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'' in the family Asteraceae. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center ...

'' sp., ''

Lysimachia ''Lysimachia'' () is a genus consisting of 193 accepted species of flowering plants traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study it was transferred to the family Myrsinaceae, before this family wa ...

'' sp., ''

Chenopodium ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classific ...

'' sp.. ''

Urtica ''Urtica'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Urticaceae. Many species have stinging hairs and may be called nettles or stinging nettles, although the latter name applies particularly to '' Urtica dioica''. ''Urtica'' species are food ...

'' sp., '' Artemisia'' sp., ''

Filipendula ''Filipendula'' is a genus of 12 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Well-known species include meadowsweet ('' Filipendula ulmaria'') and dropwor ...

'' spec., ''

Fragaria ''Fragaria'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. There are more than 20 described species and many hybrids and cultivars. The most common strawberries grown co ...

'' sp., ''

Sanguisorba ''Sanguisorba'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The common name is burnet. Description The plants are herbaceous perennials or small shrubs. The stems grow to 50 ...

'' sp., ''

Epilobium ''Epilobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Onagraceae, containing about 197 species. The genus has a worldwide distribution. It is most prevalent in the subarctic, temperate and subantarctic regions, whereas in the subtropics ...

'' sp., ''

Rubus ''Rubus'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, with over 1,350 species. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of t ...

'' sp., ''

Salix Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist s ...

'' sp., ''

Betula A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contain ...

'' sp., ''

Ligustrum A privet is a flowering plant in the genus ''Ligustrum''. The genus contains about 50 species of erect, deciduous or evergreen shrubs, sometimes forming small or medium-sized trees, native to Europe, north Africa, Asia, many introduced and na ...

'' sp.. ''

Larix Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus ''Larix'', of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae). Growing from tall, they are native to much of the cooler temperate northern hemisphere, on lowlands in the north and high on mountains furth ...

'' spec., ''

Picea A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' (), a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. ''Picea'' is the sole genus in the subfam ...

'' sp.).

Distribution

It is present all over Europe, in most northern countries in the east

, and in the Near East.

Habitat

This very common species can be found in hedgerows, fields and woodland edges.

Footnotes

References

* (2009)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae
&ndash
''Syricoris lacunana''
Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-16. * (2005): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms &ndash

Version of 2005-SEP-14. Retrieved 2010-APR-16.

External links

waarneming.nl

''Celypha lacunana'' at UKMoths

Fauna Europaea
{{Taxonbar, from=Q147963 Moths of Japan Tortricidae of Europe Insects of Turkey