Stéphen Liégeard
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Stéphen François Emile Liégeard (29 March 1830 – 29 December 1925) was a French lawyer, administrator, deputy, writer and poet. He gave the name "
Côte d'Azur The French Riviera, known in French as the (; , ; ), is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France. There is no official boundary, but it is considered to be the coastal area of the Alpes-Maritimes department, extending fr ...
" (
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Coast) to the
French Riviera The French Riviera, known in French as the (; , ; ), is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France. There is no official boundary, but it is considered to be the coastal area of the Alpes-Maritimes department, extending fr ...
.


Life


Early years (1830–67)

Stéphen François Emile Liégeard was born on 29 March 1830 in
Dijon Dijon (, ; ; in Burgundian language (Oïl), Burgundian: ''Digion'') is a city in and the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Côte-d'Or Departments of France, department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eas ...
,
Côte-d'Or Côte-d'Or () is a département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of Northeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 534,124.
. His parents were Jean Baptiste Liégeard (1800–87), Mayor of Dijon, and Catherine Emilie Vallow (). His family was extremely wealthy. He studied at the Lycée in Dijon, then attended the Dijon Faculty of Law. He published his first collection of poems and short theatrical plays, ''Memories of Some Summer Evenings'', when he was 22, and throughout his life published many other works that were well-received by the critics. He enrolled at the bar in Dijon in 1854. He was awarded a gold medal for his doctorate in law. In 1856, Liégeard entered the administration as a counselor to the prefecture of
Drôme Drôme (; Occitan: ''Droma''; Arpitan: ''Drôma'') is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019.
. He published a poem, ''The Golden Bees, in Honor of the Empire and the Emperor'' in 1859. He was appointed sub-prefect of
Briey Briey (; ) is a former commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Val de Briey.Moselle The Moselle ( , ; ; ) is a river that rises in the Vosges mountains and flows through north-eastern France and Luxembourg to western Germany. It is a bank (geography), left bank tributary of the Rhine, which it joins at Koblenz. A sm ...
, in 1859. On 17 December 1860, in
Augny Augny (; ) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France. Population See also * Communes of the Moselle department The following is a list of the 725 communes of the Moselle department of France Franc ...
he married Jeanne Mathilde Labbé. Their daughter, Jeanne M. Adélaïde, was born in 1861. Liégeard was appointed sub-prefect of
Parthenay Parthenay (; Poitevin: ''Partenaes'') is an ancient fortified town and ''commune'' in the Deux-Sèvres department of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It is sited on a rocky spur that is surrounded on two sides by the Ri ...
,
Deux-Sèvres Deux-Sèvres (, Poitevin-Saintongese: ''Deùs Saevres'') is a French department. ''Deux-Sèvres'' literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a ...
, in 1861, then of
Carpentras Carpentras (, formerly ; Provençal dialect, Provençal Occitan language, Occitan: ''Carpentràs'' in classical norm or ''Carpentras'' in Mistralian norm; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Vaucluse Departments of France, department in the ...
,
Vaucluse Vaucluse (; or ) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had a population of 561,469 as of 2019.
, in 1864.


Deputy (1867–70)

In 1867, Liégeard gave up his position as sub-prefect of Carpentras to run for election to the legislature. On 24 March 1867, he was elected deputy as official candidate for the second district of
Moselle The Moselle ( , ; ; ) is a river that rises in the Vosges mountains and flows through north-eastern France and Luxembourg to western Germany. It is a bank (geography), left bank tributary of the Rhine, which it joins at Koblenz. A sm ...
, replacing Charles de Wendel, who had resigned. He sat with the dynastic majority. He was reelected as the government candidate in the general elections of 24 May 1869. He signed the request for interpellation of the 116. He voted with the liberals. He was in favour of selection of mayors in municipal councils, in favour of ministerial responsibility, against hidden loans and in favour of lower railway tariffs. In July 1869, he voted for a subsidy of 100,000 francs to Gustave Lambert to undertake an expedition to the North Pole.


Later years (1870–1925)

Liégeard returned to practice at the bar in Dijon when the legislation was dissolved on 4 September 1870 during the
Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...
. He joined the Dijon Academy and
Clémence Isaure Clémence Isaure is a quasi-legendary Occitan medieval figure credited with founding or restoring the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals or Academy of the Floral Games. She is supposed to have left a legacy to fund awards in the form of gold and silve ...
's
Académie des Jeux Floraux The (; "Consistory of the Gay Science") was a poetic academy founded at Toulouse in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the lyric poetry of the troubadours. Also known as the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals or Académie des Jeux Floraux ("Academy of th ...
. Liégeard had a property in
Cannes Cannes (, ; , ; ) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a communes of France, commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions Internatio ...
where he spent his winters, and loved the beauty of what he called the "Côte-d'Azur" by analogy with his birthplace, the "Côte-d'Or". The name substituted the azure blue color of the Mediterranean for the gold of Côte-d'Or. His best known work, ''La Côte d'azur'', was written at
Brochon Brochon () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. Population Wine Some of the vineyards in Brochon are part of the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' Gevrey-Chambertin, and some are part of Fixin appellation. Most a ...
in 1887 and published in Paris in 1888. The
Académie française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...
awarded the book the prix Bordin. The name "Côte d'Azur" became a common alternative to the "
French Riviera The French Riviera, known in French as the (; , ; ), is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France. There is no official boundary, but it is considered to be the coastal area of the Alpes-Maritimes department, extending fr ...
". Liégeard was ambitious to be admitted to the Académie française, but abandoned that hope after attempts in 1891, 1892 and 1902 all failed. His attempts to be elected to the Academy were rejected in favour of
Pierre Loti Pierre Loti (; pseudonym of Louis Marie-Julien Viaud ; 14 January 1850 – 10 June 1923) was a French naval officer and novelist, known for his exotic novels and short stories.This article is derived largely from the ''Encyclopædia Britannica Ele ...
,
Edmond Rostand Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand (, , ; 1 April 1868 – 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist. He is associated with neo-romanticism and is known best for his 1897 play ''Cyrano de Bergerac''. Rostand's romantic plays contrasted with th ...
and
Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, ; ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of Naturalism (literature), naturalism, and an important contributor to ...
. Stéphen Liégeard built the Château de Brochon in an estate near Brochon, Côte-d'Or, that was partly acquired at the start of the 19th century by his grandfather, Étienne Liégeard. Étienne's son, Jean-Baptiste, completed the purchase in 1843, and Jean-Baptiste's son, Stephen Liégeard, bought the old castle that belonged to the estate from the family of the engineer
Henry Darcy Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (; 10 June 1803 – 3 January 1858) was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics, including Darcy’s law for flow in porous media. Early life Darcy was born in Dijon, France, on ...
. Stéphen Liégeard had the château built as a monument to his wealth and good taste. Construction started in 1895 directed by the architects Louis Perreau and Leprince, a pupil of
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (; 27 January 181417 September 1879) was a French architect and author, famous for his restoration of the most prominent medieval landmarks in France. His major restoration projects included Notre-Dame de Paris, ...
. The artists Xavier Schanosky, Achille Cesbron and Paul Gasq decorated the château. Stéphen Liégeard was councilor-general of Moselle, a knight of the
Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...
(12 August 1866) and a
Knight of Saint-Grégoire The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (; ) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope. The order is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See. The honor is b ...
. He died on 29 December 1925 in
Cannes Cannes (, ; , ; ) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a communes of France, commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions Internatio ...
, Alpes-Maritimes. Gaston Liégeard, Stéphen's son, was a bachelor and died in 1953. His nephew refused to accept the château and it passed to the state, which decided to use it for a school. The
Lycée Stéphen Liégeard In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 14. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for students between ...
was opened in 1962.


Publications

* ''Souvenirs de quelques soirées d'été'', Dijon, Loireau-Feuchot, 1852, 32 p. oèmes, premier recueil édité.* ''De l'origine, de l'esprit et des cas d'application de la maxime Le partage est déclaratif de propriété; Mémoire Couronné par la Faculté de Droit de Dijon, le 15 novembre 1854 dans la Séance solennelle de Rentrée'', Dijon, Loireau-Feuchot, 1854, 123 p. * ''Les abeilles d'or : chants impériaux'', Paris, E. Dentu, 1859, XX-264 p. oèmes. * ''Le verger d'Isaure'', Paris, Hachette, 1870, XXIII-234 p. oèmes.* ''Le crime du 4 septembre'', Bruxelles, J. Rozez, 1871, VIII-67 p. écit de la chute du Second Empire.* ''Une visite aux Monts Maudits (ascension du Néthou)'', Paris, Hachette et Cie, 1872, 92 p. ouvenirs de son ascension en septembre 1871.* ''Trois ans à la Chambre'', Paris, E. Dentu, 1873, XII-396 p. écit de son mandat de député.* ''Vingt journées d'un touriste au pays de Luchon'', Paris, Hachette et Cie, 1874, 556 p. * ''Livingstone'', Paris, E. Dentu, 1876, 33 p. oème, ayant reçu une mention honorable de l'Académie française.* ''À travers l'Engadine, la Valteline, le Tyrol du sud et les lacs de l'Italie supérieure'', Paris, Hachette, 1877, VI-491 p. ; texte sur Gallica
/small> * ''Les Grands cœurs'', Paris, Hachette et Cie, 1882, II-242 p. oèmes, couronnés par l'Académie française en 1894.Nouvelles éditions en 1883, 1894, 1905. * ''Au caprice de la plume'', Paris, Hachette, 1884, V-426 p. * ''La Côte d'azur'', Paris, Maison Quantin, 1887, 430 p.
rix Bordin décerné par l'Académie française en 1888. Rix or RIX may refer to: Places * Rix, Jura, a commune in France * Rix, Nièvre, a commune in France People * Rix (surname) * Rix Robinson (1789–1875), Michigan pioneer Other uses * ''Rix'', a Gaulish word meaning "king"; cognate with the anci ...
Nouvelle édition : Paris, Ancienne maison Quantin Librairies-imprimeries réunies, 1894, III-626 p. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5698362j/f12.image.r=cote+d'azur * ''Rêves et combats'', Paris, Hachette, 1892, 243 p. * ''Les saisons et les mois'', Paris, Ancienne Maison Quantin,
899 __NOTOC__ Year 899 ( DCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Arnulf of Carinthia, the King of East Francia, enlists the support of the Magyars, to raid northern Ita ...
100 p. oèmes.* ''Pages françaises'', Paris, Hachette et Cie, 1902, VI-489 p. * ''Aimer !'' Paris, Hachette, 1906, 209 p. Nouvelle édition : Paris, J. Barreau, 1914, 223 p., avec 116 illustrations de
Job Work, labor (labour in Commonwealth English), occupation or job is the intentional activity people perform to support the needs and desires of themselves, other people, or organizations. In the context of economics, work can be seen as the huma ...
. oèmes.* ''Brins de laurier'', Paris, Hachette et Cie, 1909, 170 p. oèmes.* ''Rimes vengeresses'', Paris, Hachette, 1916, 180 p. oèmes nationalistes.


Notes


Sources

* * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Liegeard, Stephen Francois Emile 1830 births 1925 deaths 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights 19th-century French lawyers 19th-century French male writers 19th-century French non-fiction writers 19th-century French poets 20th-century French dramatists and playwrights 20th-century French lawyers 20th-century French male writers 20th-century French non-fiction writers 20th-century French poets French male dramatists and playwrights French male non-fiction writers French male poets Members of the 3rd Corps législatif of the Second French Empire Members of the 4th Corps législatif of the Second French Empire Officers of the Legion of Honour People from Cannes Politicians from Dijon Writers from Dijon Writers from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur