''Sturisoma'' is a genus of armored catfishes native to

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and South America.

Taxonomy

''Sturisoma'' has been shown to be sister to '' Farlowella''.

Species

There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Sturisoma barbatum ''Sturisoma barbatum'' is a species of armored catfish native to Argentina and Brazil where it is found in the Paraguay River basin with reports that it can also be found in the Paraná and Uruguay River The Uruguay River ( es, Río Uruguay ...

'' ( Kner, 1853) * ''

Sturisoma brevirostre ''Sturisoma brevirostre'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Içá River The Putumayo River or Içá River ( es, Río Putumayo, pt, Rio Içá) is one of the tributaries of the Amazon River, southwest of a ...

'' ( C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889) * ''

Sturisoma caquetae ''Sturisoma caquetae'' is a species of armored catfish of the family Loricariidae endemic to Colombia where it occurs in the Caquetá River Caquetá may refer to: * Caquetá River, a river in Colombia * Caquetá Territory The Caquetá Territo ...

'' (

Henry Weed Fowler Henry Weed Fowler (March 23, 1878 – June 21, 1965) was an American zoologist born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania. He studied at Stanford University under David Starr Jordan. He joined the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and worked as ...

, 1945) * ''

Sturisoma graffini ''Sturisoma graffini'' is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Madre de Dios River basin in Peru. It was described in 2018 by Alejandro Londoño-Burbano of the Federal University of ...

Alejandro Londoño-Burbano Alejandro is the Spanish form of the name Alexander. Alejandro has multiple variations in different languages, including Aleksander ( Czech, Polish), Alexandre (French), Alexandros ( Greek), Alsander ( Irish), Alessandro ( Italian), Aleksandr ...

, 2018 * ''

Sturisoma guentheri ''Sturisoma guentheri'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Peru where it occurs in the upper Amazon basin The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin cove ...

'' ( Regan, 1904) * ''

Sturisoma lyra ''Sturisoma lyra'' is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil and Peru where it is found in the Juruá River The Juruá River (Portuguese ''Rio Juruá''; Spanish ''Río Yuruá'') is a southern affluent river of the Amazon River west of th ...

'' ( Regan, 1904) * ''

Sturisoma monopelte ''Sturisoma monopelte'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Guyana where it occurs in the Rupununi River The Rupununi is a region in the south-west of Guyana, bordering the Brazilian Amazon. The Rupununi river, also known by the local i ...

'' Fowler, 1914 * ''

Sturisoma nigrirostrum ''Sturisoma nigrirostrum'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Peru where it occurs in the Ucayali River basin. This species inhabits gently to swiftly flowing white waters where submerged wood is abundant in the main flow of rivers. This ...

'' Fowler, 1940 * ''

Sturisoma reisi ''Sturisoma reisi'' is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Cautário River, the Guaporé River, the Ji-Paraná River, the Mamoré River, and the Sotério River in the Madeira Rive ...

'' Londoño-Burbano & Britto, 2022Londoño-Burbano, Alejandro & Britto, Marcelo. (2022). A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basins. Journal of fish biology. 102. 10.1111/jfb.15251. * ''

Sturisoma robustum ''Sturisoma robustum'' is a species of armored catfish native to the La Plata Basin of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, ...

'' ( Regan, 1904) * ''

Sturisoma rostratum ''Sturisoma rostratum'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with o ...

'' (

Spix Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix (9 February 1781 – 13 March 1826) was a German biologist. From his expedition to Brazil, he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants, insects, mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. They constitute ...

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he rec ...

, 1829) * ''

Sturisoma tenuirostre ''Sturisoma tenuirostre'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it occurs in the Meta River The Meta River is a major left tributary of the Orinoco River in eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela, South America. The Meta ...

'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1910)

Distribution

The species of the genus ''Sturisoma'' are widely distributed on both slopes of the Andes, in Panama and

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

, and in the Amazon,

Orinoco The Orinoco () is one of the longest rivers in South America at . Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers , with 76.3 percent of it in Venezuela and the remainder in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the wor ...

, and

Paraná River The Paraná River ( es, Río Paraná, links=no , pt, Rio Paraná, gn, Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some ."Parana River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Br ...

basins.

Description

Sexual dimorphism includes hypertrophied odontodes on the sides of the head of the male.

Ecology

Sturisoma inhabit gently to swiftly flowing white waters where submerged wood is abundant in the main flow of rivers. ''Sturisoma'' species are open brooders.

References

Fish of South America Fish of the Amazon basin Freshwater fish genera Catfish genera Taxa named by William John Swainson {{Loricariidae-stub