Stelliferous

This is the timeline of the stelliferous era but also partly charts the primordial era, and charts more of the degenerate era of the heat death scenario.

The scale is $10 \times \log_\$ where $\$ is the time since the Big Bang expressed in years. Example: one million years is $\ = 1000000;\ \ 10 \times \log_\ = 10\times 6 = 60$.

Timeline

ImageSize = width:720 height:2000
PlotArea = left:40 right:235 bottom:75 top:75

Colors =
id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow
id:period2 value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue
id:events value:rgb(1,0.7,1) # light purple
id:era2 value:lightorange
id:era1 Value:yellowgreen

DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:56 till:200
TimeAxis = format:yyyy orientation:vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:60
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:56

AlignBars = justify

BarData =
bar:Era
bar:Dummy2
bar:Dummy3
bar:Periods
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bar:Events

TextData =
fontsize:M
pos:(250,75)
text:" Photon epoch"
pos:(260,657)
text:" ZOOM IN"
pos:(107,1645)
text:" NEXT"
pos:(65,1630)
text:"The Degenerate Era"
pos:(65,120)
text:" The Primordial Era"
pos:(85,105)
text:"PREVIOUS"

PlotData=
textcolor:black fontsize:M

width:165
bar:Era mark:(line,white) align:center shift:(0,0)
from:60 till:140 color:era2 text:" The Stelliferous Era"

width:55
bar:Dummy2
bar:Dummy3

width:165
bar:Periods align:center shift:(0,0) mark:(line,white)
from:56 till:80 color:period1 text:" Dark Ages"
from:80 till:90 color:period2 text:" Reionization"
from:98 till:100 color:period1 text:" Formation of the Milky Way~galactic disk" shift:(0,2)
from:100 till:102 color:period2 text:"Life on Earth"
from:190 till:200 color:period1

width:55
bar:Dummy4

width:55
mark:(line,purple) textcolor:black fontsize:M
bar:Events color:events align:left shift:(30,-4)

at: 56 text:"379,000 years: Hydrogen and helium nuclei ~capture electrons to form stable atoms. Photons ~are no longer able to interact strongly with atoms. ~ Cosmic microwave background radiation forms." shift:(30,-15)
at: 60 text:"One million years"
at: 80 text:"100 million years. First star began to shine."
at: 88 text:"600 million years ~ Formation of the first galaxy"
at: 90 text:"One billion years"
at: 96 text:"4 billion years ~ earliest Population I stars"
at:100 text:" 9.1 billion years Formation of Earth~ and Sun"
at:101 mark:(line,magenta) text:"13.7 billion years, the present day"
# at:102 shift:(30,10) text:" 16.7 billion years Collision of Milky Way and~Andromeda galaxies"
at:103 shift:(30,0) text:" 19.1 billion years. Sun becomes a red giant ~ and shortly thereafter a white dwarf"
at:120 text:"One trillion years"
at:140 text:"Formation of new stars ceases.~Stars cease to fuse. "
at:150 text:"One quadrillion years. ~Solar systems no longer exist. Planets flung ~out of orbit or consumed by larger bodies.~ Sun has become a~ black dwarf."
at:180 text:"One quintillion years"
at:195 text:"Galaxies no longer exist. Stars flung out of orbit ~or consumed by black holes." mark:(line,white)

See also

* Big Bang
* Cyclic model
* Dyson's eternal intelligence
* Final anthropic principle
* Future of an expanding universe
* Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death. Timeline uses double-logarithmic scale.
* Graphical timeline of the Big Bang
* Graphical timeline of the universe. Timeline uses linear time.
* Heat death of the universe
* List of other end scenarios than Heat Death
* 1 E19 s and more
* Second law of thermodynamics
* Ultimate fate of the Universe
* The Last Question, story by Isaac Asimov which considers the oncome of heat death in the universe and how it may be reversed.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Graphical Timeline Of The Stelliferous Era
Stelliferous Era
Astrophysics
Physical cosmology