Count Stanisław Tarnowski (7 November 1837 – 31 December 1917) was a Polish nobleman (''

szlachcic The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in t ...

''), historian, literary critic and publicist.

Life

He was born on 7 November 1837 and hailed from an aristocratic family. His father was Jan Bogdan and mother Gabriela ''née'' Małachowska. He had two brothers: Jan and Juliusz. He attended St. Anne Gymnasium between 1850–1854 and later studied law and philology at the Jagiellonian University (1855–1858). In the course of his studies he made several trips abroad including to

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...

and the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Ho ...

. He continued his philological education in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

and became involved in the activities of Hotel Lambert. During his stay in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

he worked in the political bureau of the organization and collaborated with

Julian Klaczko Julian Klaczko (6 November 1825, Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius) – 26 November 1906, Kraków) was a Polish author, proficient in Hebrew, Polish, French, and German. He was born Jehuda Lejb into a wealthy Jewish family. At the age of 17 he published a ...

and Valerian Kalinka. During the

January Uprising The January Uprising ( pl, powstanie styczniowe; lt, 1863 metų sukilimas; ua, Січневе повстання; russian: Польское восстание; ) was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at ...

, Tarnowski was connected with the "''Biali''" ("White") liberal-

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

political faction. He was imprisoned from 1863 to 1865 by the

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

n authorities. After his release from prison in

Olomouc Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on th ...

, he returned to the country and together with Stanisław Koźmian,

Józef Szujski Józef Szujski ( Tarnow, 16 June 1835 – Cracow, 7 February 1883) was a Polish politician, historian, poet and professor of the Jagiellonian University. Life He studied at Tarnow, then at Cracow (1854) and at Vienna (1858-9). He began hi ...

and Ludwik Wodzicki he founded the ''Przegląd Polski'' quarterly. The first copy was issued on 1 July 1866. In 1868, he co-authored '' Teka Stańczyka'', a series of satirical

pamphlet A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a ''leaflet'' or it may consist of a f ...

s on the political situation in

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

published in the ''Przegląd'' magazine. From 1867 Tarnowski served as member of the ''

Sejm The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ( Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of ...

'' in Galicia. In 1885 he became a member of the '' Herrenhaus'' in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. Between 1871 and 1909, he was a professor and twice

Rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...

of Jagiellonian University. From 1873 he was a member, and from 1890 to 1917 chairman, of the '' Akademia Umiejetnosci'' (Polish Academy of Learning). He died in 1918 in Kraków and was buried at the

Rakowicki Cemetery Rakowicki Cemetery (English: ; pl, Cmentarz Rakowicki) is a historic necropolis and a cultural heritage monument located on 26 Rakowicka Street in the centre of Kraków, Poland. It lies within the Administrative District No. 1 ''Stare Miasto'' ...

in the Branicki family tomb. In 1937, his family transferred his body to the

Sanctuary of Our Lady of Dzików Sanctuary of Our Lady of Dzików, Monastery of Dominicans in Tarnobrzeg. In 1677 was founded church of Assumption of Mary by Tarnowski family and given to Dominican order. Destroyed in 1703. Rebuilt in 1706. In 1678 holy icon of Our Lady of Dzikó ...

in his hometown.

Works

* ''Frycz Modrzewski o poprawie Rzeczypospolitej'' (1867) * ''Rozprawa o Juliuszu Słowackim'' (1867) * ''O Łukaszu Górnickim'' (1868) * ''O Piotrze Grabowskim'' (1869) * ''O korespondencyi Mickiewicza'' (1870) * ''O księdzu Kaysiewiczu'' (1873) * ''O Krzysztofie Warszewickim'' (1874) * ''Pisarze polit. XVI w.'' (t. 1-2 1886) * ''Ksiadz Waleryan Kalinka'

(1887) * ''

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. L ...

'' (1888) * ''

Zygmunt Krasiński Napoleon Stanisław Adam Feliks Zygmunt Krasiński (; 19 February 1812 – 23 February 1859) was a Polish poet traditionally ranked after Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Słowacki as one of Poland's Three Bards – the Romantic poets who influence ...

'' (1892) * ''

Matejko Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale o ...

'' (1897) * ''

'' (t. 1-2 1909) * ''Studia o A. Fredrze, H. Rzewuskim, H. Sienkiewiczu, zbiór Rozprawy i sprawozdania'' (t. 1-4 1895–1898) * ''Synteza Historia literatury polskiej'' (t. 1-5 1900, t. 6 cz. 1-2 1905–1907

* ''Julian Klaczko'' (1909) * ''Wybór studiów O literaturze polskiej XIX wieku'' (1977).

Honours

Order of Franz Joseph The Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph (german: Kaiserlich-Österreichischer Franz-Joseph-Orden) was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on 2 December 1849, on the first anniversary of his accession to the imperial throne. Classes ...

(Austria) * Imperial Order of Leopold (Austria) *Decoration for Science and Art (Austria-Hungary) *

Litteris et Artibus Litteris et Artibus is a Swedish royal medal established in 1853 by Charles XV of Sweden, who was then crown prince. It is awarded to people who have made important contributions to culture, especially music, dramatic art and literature. The ob ...

(Sweden) *

Order of Pope Pius IX The Order of Pope Pius IX ( it, Ordine di Pio IX), also referred as the Pian Order ( it, Ordine Piano), is a papal order of knighthood originally founded by Pope Pius IV in 1560. Currently, it is the highest honor conferred by the Holy See (being ...

(Vatican) *

Order of Polonia Restituta , image=Polonia Restituta - Commander's Cross pre-1939 w rib.jpg , image_size=200px , caption=Commander's Cross of Polonia Restituta , presenter = the President of Poland , country = , type=Five classes , eligibility=All , awar ...

(Poland)

Gallery

File:Stanislaw Tarnowski.jpg, Stanisław Tarnowski as Rector of Jagiellonian University by

Jan Matejko Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale oil ...

File:Stanisław Tarnowski - fotografia Ludwiga Angerera z roku 1863..png, Stanisław Tarnowski, photo made by Ludwig Angerer in Vienna in 1863 File:Odczyt prof. Stanisława hr. Tarnowskiego w Sali Ratuszowej w Warszawie (59095).jpg, Lecture of Count Stanisław Tarnowski in the Warsaw Town Hall, 1886 File:POL COA Tarnowski hrabia.svg, Leliwa coat of arms

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarnowski, Stanislaw 1837 births 1917 deaths People from Tarnobrzeg People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Counts of Poland Polish Roman Catholics Polish Austro-Hungarians Polish politicians Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1867–1870) Members of the House of Lords (Austria) Members of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria Conservatism in Poland Polish male non-fiction writers Polish publicists Polish male writers 19th-century Polish historians 20th-century Polish historians Jagiellonian University alumni Jagiellonian University faculty Rectors of the Jagiellonian University Litteris et Artibus recipients