Stamps Of The Soviet Union

Stamps of the Soviet Union were issued in the period 1923 to 1991. They were labeled with the inscription ("Post of the USSR"). In the thematics, Soviet stamps reflected to a large extent the history, politics, economics and culture of this world's first socialist state.

Notable designers of Soviet postage stamps were Ivan Dubasov (who designed the Lenin Mourning issue, the first stamps portraying Vladimir Lenin in 1924) and Vasily Zavyalov. By the mid-1970s, over 4,000 stamps came out in the USSR. In 1970, the '' Catalogue of Postage Stamps of the USSR, 1918–1969'' was published in Moscow, the yearly supplements being produced afterwards. The history and design of Soviet postage stamps were elucidated in the annual publication '' Soviet Collector'' and the monthly magazine '' Filateliya SSSR''.

First stamps

The first postage stamps of the newly proclaimed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were designed by Georgy Pashkov and issued in August 1923 in relation to the First All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Exhibition.

File:The Soviet Union 1923 CPA 95 stamp (1st agriculture and craftsmanship exhibition, Moscow. Reaper with a sickle and a sheaf).jpg, Reaper, 1 rouble
File:The Soviet Union 1923 CPA 96 stamp (1st agriculture and craftsmanship exhibition, Moscow. Sower with a sowing basket).jpg, Sower, 2 roubles
File:The Soviet Union 1923 CPA 97 stamp (1st agriculture and craftsmanship exhibition, Moscow. Ford tractor Fordson Model F).jpg, Tractor, 5 roubles
File:The Soviet Union 1923 CPA 98 stamp (1st agriculture and craftsmanship exhibition, Moscow. General view of the exhibition).jpg, Exhibition general view,
7 roubles

Definitive issues

The first series of the USSR definitive stamps known as the Gold Standard issue appeared in October 1923. Their design proposed by Ivan Shadr included the busts of the worker, Red Army soldier and peasant. Also, there was a plan to sell more stamps in the international market. By targeting stamps for sales abroad, the Soviet government reckoned on earning hard currency.

File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 319.jpg, Worker, soldier and peasant,
3rd definitive issue, 1929
File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 321.jpg, Lenin, 3rd definitive issue, 1929
File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 313.jpg, 1st All-Union Pioneer Rally, 1929

Over the years, there was a steady increase in the number of different stamps issued annually by the USSR. Stamp denominations continued including international postage rates. For instance, most new issues during 1939 and 1940 had face values between 10 and 30 kopecks, i.e. more than those for standard internal postage.

One of the important topics represented on the USSR stamps was the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was usually done in two ways:
* dedicating stamps to numerous remarkable Party members, both the living and the deceased,
* placing the Party slogans and resolutions.

File:The Soviet Union 1949 CPA 1483 souvenir sheet of 4 golden frame (Stalin's 70th Birthday. Stalin's birthplace, Gori, Georgia. Lenin and Stalin in Smolny, 1917. Lenin and Stalin in Gorki. Stalin).jpg, Stalin souvenir sheet of 1949 celebrating the 70th birth anniversary of Joseph Stalin
File:Soviet Union stamp 1941 Be a Hero.jpg, Be a Hero!, the first USSR stamp dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, 1941
File:Stamp of USSR 0879.jpg, "Long live the victory of the Anglo-Soviet-American fighting alliance! (Stalin)", a 1943 stamp marking the Tehran Conference

Vladimir Lenin was pictured on Soviet stamps most often among the Bolsheviks, with the first Leniniana stamps appeared after his death in January 1924. Lifetime images of Party members on stamps were used to emphasize the theme of state power. One of such examples was a 1935 set of stamps commemorating Mikhail Kalinin's 60th birthday and depicting him as a worker, a farmer, and an orator. These Kalinin stamps illustrated the motive powers of the Soviet state: the worker, the farmer, and the Communist Party. Such a practice is considered a worldwide trend when in-power politicians are shown on postage stamps symbolizing the state.

The Party slogans and resolutions on Soviet stamps changed over time. Earlier stamp themes in the 1920s reflected, though indirectly, the spirit of New Economic Policy. Since 1929, stamps had been used for a clear declaration of the changed economic policies. When Joseph Stalin initiated industrialisation, a special set of stamps was issued to support this effort. For example, the 10-kopecks stamp showed a series of tractors, saying "Let us increase the harvest by 35%". An inscription on the 20-kopecks stamp called for "More metal, more machines!". The 28-kopecks stamp pictured a blast furnace, a chart for iron-ore production and the slogan "Iron, 8 million tons".

File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 347.jpg, "For the lower cost of goods sold, for work discipline, for the better quality of a product"
File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 348.jpg, "Let us increase the harvest by 35%"
File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 349.jpg, "More metal, more machines!"
File:Stamp Soviet Union 1929 350.jpg, "Iron, 8 million tons"

After the Great Patriotic War, the government used stamps to call for economic reconstruction and mobilisation. A 1946 stamp issue summoned: "Give the country annually 127 million tons of grain", "60 million tons of oil", "60 million tons of steel", "500 million tons of coal", and "50 million tons of cast iron".

File:The Soviet Union 1946 CPA 1082 stamp (Fourth Five-Year Plan. Give the country each year 127 million tons of grain. Combine harvester and wheat sheaf) large resolution.jpg, "Give the country annually 127 million tons of grain", 1946
File:The Soviet Union 1962 CPA 2779 stamp (Decisions of the 22nd Communist Party Congress. Dairy-farming. Milkmaid, etc.).jpg, "By 1980 livestock, cattle and chickens will be significantly increased. Production of meat will grow almost 4 times,
milk almost 3 times", 1962

Short heroic slogans of the Stalin period calling for economic mobilization were substituted on Soviet stamps in the post-Stalin years. Party platforms with rather lengthy excerpts from Party documents and congresses' resolutions appeared on stamps at that time. Such was, for instance, the series of "Decisions of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union—into Life" that was designed by Vasily Zavyalov and A. Shmidshtein, and issued in 1962.

In later years, the style of stamp messages continued, differing from those of the Stalin times. They were no longer brief imperative commands but rather promises and explanations by the Party to Soviet society. For example, on a 1971 souvenir sheet from the 24th Party Congress series designed by Yu. Levinovsky and A. Shmidshtein, there was an inscription saying that "the main problem is to provide a significant increase of the material and cultural level of life of the people on the basis of high rates of development of socialist production, an increase of its effectiveness, scientific-technical progress, and an acceleration of the growth of the productiveness of labor".

Such messages were typical of stamps for the Brezhnev and post-Brezhnev period until the changes occurred under Mikhail Gorbachev. New slogans, "perestroika", "uskoreniye", " demokratizatsiya", and "glasnost", were coined and appeared on the postage stamps of the USSR.

File:Stamp of USSR 1918.jpg, 1956 Spartakiad of Peoples of the USSR
File:1980. XXII Летние Олимпийские игры. Бег.jpg , 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow
File:1981. Чемпионат мира по хоккею с мячом.jpg, 1981 Bandy World Championship in Khabarovsk
File:The Soviet Union 1988 CPA 5923 stamp with label (1988 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men. Skater. Emblem. Alma-Ata ice rink, Medeo).jpg, 1988 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men in Alma-Ata (now "Almaty")

Rarities

A unique complete pane of 25 early Soviet Union stamps is known as '' Soviet Air Post "Wide 5" surcharged''. The stamp itself was produced in 1924 as a surcharge of 10 kopecks on 5-rouble green type II, basic stamp wide "5".

In 1925, a 15-kopeck yellow stamp of "Peasant" design was printed in a very small quantity within the Gold Standard issue. Named ''Limonka'', it is considered very rare, especially if in mint condition.

File:The Soviet Union 1925 CPA 136 stamp (1st standard issue of Soviet Union. 3rd issue. Peasant).jpg, ''Limonka'', 1925,
15 kopecks
File:USSR stamp Aspidka 1931 50k.jpg, ''Aspidka'', 1931, 50 kopecks, perforated

Another very rare Soviet stamp, issued in 1931, is ''Aspidka'', especially if imperforate; 24 imperforate specimens are known. Its design was created by Vasily Zavyalov.

In 1932, the All-Soviet Philatelic Exhibition was organized in Moscow. On that occasion, a souvenir sheet of four stamps known as ''Personalised Kartonka'' was produced on thick card, with three-line overprint "To the best shock worker of the All Russian Philatelic Society – President of the Moscow Philatelic Organization E.M. Nurk". It is considered rare because only 25 souvenir sheets were issued.

A ''San Francisco'' inverted surcharge with small Cyrillic "ф" ("f") is characteristic of a rare Soviet stamp called ''Levanevsky with overprint''. Possibly unique, it was designed by Vasily Zavyalov and issued in 1935.

File:Stamp of USSR 514(t).jpg, ''Levanevsky with overprint'', 1935, 1 rouble on 10 kopecks
File:The Soviet Union 1964 CPA 3085I souvenir sheet (1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo. Woman gymnast and stadium) small resolution.jpg, ''Green souvenir sheet'', 1964, 1 rouble
File:The Soviet Union 1964 CPA 3085 proof souvenir sheet (1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo. Woman gymnast and stadium) large resolution 2.jpg, Russian Tokyo 1964. Trial edition - Goznak factory
File:The Soviet Union 1964 CPA 3086 proof souvenir sheet (1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo. Woman gymnast and stadium) large resolution.jpg, tokyo olympiad 1964 attempt to colour red embossed sign goznak

Due to a plate error (asymmetric star), a variety of the first Soviet numbered Tokyo Olympic souvenir sheet of 1964 is now quite rare and known as ''Green souvenir sheet''. The Russian Goznak stamp factory has released several sheets of the Tokyo 1964 trial stamps, they are very rare and there are few left.

Stamp thematics and other aspects

Soviet Union stamps covered a great variety of themes. The thematics mirrored various aspects of Soviet history, politics, economics, and culture. These included:
* the accomplishments of the Great October Socialist Revolution,
* achievements of industry, agriculture, science, and culture,
* various anniversary celebrations.

After 1929, the quality of the Soviet stamps improved. Their agitational content expanded, as well. Increasing attention was given to stamps with face values of 7, 14, and 28 kopecks used for international correspondence. These stamps were "supposed to tell the truth to the world about the victories of the workers' country of the Soviets".

See also

Notes

References

External links

*

{{PostalhistoryEurope

Lists of postage stamps
1923 introductions