''Sphenarium'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
grasshoppers
Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. They are amongst what are possibly the most ancient living groups of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago.
Grassh ...
in the family
Pyrgomorphidae
Pyrgomorphidae is a family of grasshoppers in the order Orthoptera; it is the only family in the superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea. Pyrgomorphidae are found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions (though none are from US mainland), but the va ...
, native to
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
and northern
Central America
Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually ...
.
During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops.
chapulines
Chapulines, plural for chapulín (), are grasshoppers of the genus '' Sphenarium'' that are commonly eaten in certain areas of Mexico. The term is specific to Mexico and Central America, and derives from the Nahuatl word '' chapolin'' (singular ...
, since pre-Columbian
In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, or as the pre-Cabraline era specifically in Brazil, spans from the initial peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to the onset of European col ...
times, a practice that also continues today.[
]
Species
* '' Sphenarium adelinae'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* '' Sphenarium borrei'', Bolívar, 1884
* '' Sphenarium crypticum'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* '' Sphenarium histrio'', Gerstaecker, 1884
* ''Sphenarium infernalis
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* '' Sphenarium macrophallicum'', Kevan & Boyle, 1978
* ''Sphenarium mexicanum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Saussure, 1859
* ''Sphenarium minimum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Bruner, 1906
* ''Sphenarium miztecum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* ''Sphenarium occidentalis
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught Entomophagy in hum ...
'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* ''Sphenarium planum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Bruner, 1906
* ''Sphenarium purpurascens
''Sphenarium purpurascens'' ( and , i.e., corn-field grasshopper), is a grasshopper species in the genus '' Sphenarium'' found in Mexico and Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is ...
'', Charpentier, 1845
* ''Sphenarium rugosum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Bruner, 1906
* ''Sphenarium tarascum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* ''Sphenarium totonacum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
* ''Sphenarium variabile
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Kevan & Boyle, 1978
* ''Sphenarium zapotecum
''Sphenarium'' is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, native to Mexico and northern Central America. During outbreaks, they can cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Conversely, they have been caught for human consump ...
'', Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva del Castillo, 2017
References
External links
*
Caelifera genera
Taxa named by Toussaint de Charpentier
{{pyrgomorphidae-stub