Solomon Hanau
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Solomon Zalman ben Judah Loeb ha-Kohen Hanau (later known by the acronym Raza"h or Zalman Hanau or Zalman Henna (1687–1746), was a German Jewish expert in
Hebrew grammar Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until ...
and critical textual critic of Jewish liturgy and prayer
nussach In Judaism, Nusach (, , plural ''nusaḥim'', ) is the exact text of a prayer service; sometimes the English word "rite" is used to refer to the same thing. Nusakh means "formulate" or "wording." Texts used by different communities include Bal ...
.


Birthplace

Shlomo (Zalman) ben Yehuda Leib Katz was born in
Hanau Hanau () is a city in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is 25 km east of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main and part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Its railway Hanau Hauptbahnhof, station is a ma ...
(also known as ''Henna''),
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
and lived in part in
Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main () is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Hesse. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the List of cities in Germany by population, fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located in the forela ...
,
Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...
,
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...
,
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
and
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
. At the age of 21 he composed his first
dikduk Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...
work, "Binyan Shlomo". He was fiercely criticized by
Jacob Emden Jacob Emden, also known as the Yaʿavetz (June 4, 1697 – April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed traditional Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was widely acclaimed for ...
, though Emden's father,
Tzvi Ashkenazi Tzvi Hirsch ben Yaakov Ashkenazi (; 1656 – 2 May 1718), known as the Hakham Tzvi after his responsa by the same title, served for some time as rabbi of Amsterdam. He was a resolute opponent of the followers of the self-proclaimed messiah, Sa ...
, authored an approval letter to Hanau for his textual work. Recent study suggests that
Shneur Zalman of Liadi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, (; September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 O.S. / 18 Elul 5505 – 24 Tevet 5573) commonly known as the Alter Rebbe or Baal Hatanya, was a rabbi and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Hasidic Judaism. He ...
followed many of Solomon's variations when composing his
Chabad Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (; ; ), is a dynasty in Hasidic Judaism. Belonging to the Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) branch of Orthodox Judaism, it is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, as well as one of ...
Nusach Nusach can refer to: * Nusach (Jewish custom) In Judaism, Nusach (, , plural ''nusaḥim'', ) is the exact text of a prayer service; sometimes the English word "rite" is used to refer to the same thing. Nusakh means "formulate" or "wording." ...
of Jewish prayer (
Nusach Ari ''Nusach Ari'' means, in a general sense, any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the ''AriZal'', in the 16th century. History of the Siddur Luria and his immediate disciples did not publish any siddur. His followers establishe ...
).


Family

He had a son Simson b. Salomo who worked as a printer in Homburg vor der Höhe until 1730. He printed an edition of the Ma'assebuch in 1727.Jakob Meitlis: ''Das Ma'assebuch. Seine Entstehung und Quellengeschichte. Zugleich eine Einführung in die altjiddische Agada. Mit einem Geleitwort von Moses Gaster, PH. D., London'' Buchhandlung Rubin Mass, Berlin 1933. p. 43 (reprint Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim u. a. 1987, )


Hebrew works


Binyan Shlomo
(Frankfurt)
HateivahSha'arei Tefillah, (The gates of prayer)
(Isnitz)
Baith TfilahNikkud basics
(Amsterdam)
Exchange Torah
(Hamburg)


Footnotes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanau, Solomon 1687 births 1746 deaths People from Hanau Grammarians of Hebrew Kohanim writers of Rabbinic literature 17th-century German Jews