''Simnia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Ovulidae
Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family (biology), family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and the co ...
.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of ''Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus, 1758) type species of ''
Neosimnia''
Fischer, 1884. This makes ''Simnia'' an objective synonym of ''Neosimnia''. Accordingly, all the species treated in Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under ''Neosimnia'' should thereby be accepted under ''Simnia''. Likewise, all the species treated by Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under ''Simnia'' should thereby be accepted under ''
Xandarovula''
Cate, 1973.
The assumptions of Dolin (Dolin & Ledon, 2002) are based on interpretations but not on the examination of the type material. Fehse (2016) has confirmed the vaility of the genus Neosimnia because the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is never a juvenile specimen of ''Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus, 1758) type species of ''
Neosimnia''
Fischer, 1884.
Species
The valid assignment of the taxa are found in
Lorenz & Fehse, 2009.
The assumption of Dolin prepared the following chaos:
Species within the genus ''Simnia'' include:
*''
Simnia aperta''
( Sowerby, 1849)
*''
Simnia arcuata''
( Reeve, 1865)
*''
Simnia avena''
( G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)
*''
Simnia barbarensis''
Dall, 1892
*''
Simnia bartschi''
(Cate, 1973)
*''
Simnia bijuri''
(Cate, 1976)
* † ''
Simnia brevicula''
(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
* † ''
Simnia fusulina''
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
* † ''
Simnia graniformis''
(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
*''
Simnia hammesi''
(Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982)
* † ''
Simnia helenae''
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
* † ''
Simnia leathesi''
(J. de C. Sowerby, 1826)
* † ''
Simnia lhommei''
(Cossmann, 1907)
* † ''
Simnia limondinae''
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
*''
Simnia loebbeckeana''
( Weinkauff, 1881)
*''
Simnia macleani''
(Cate, 1976)
* † ''
Simnia multilineata''
(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
*''
Simnia patula
''Simnia patula'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae
Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family (biology), family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snail ...
''
( Pennant, 1777)
* ''
Simnia pliomajor''
(Sacco, 1894)
* † ''
Simnia pseudolaevis''
(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
* † ''
Simnia pulchra''
(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
* † ''
Simnia rostralina''
(Deshayes, 1865)
* † ''
Simnia scobina''
(Garvie, 1996)
* ''
Simnia sculptura''
(Cate, 1973)
* † ''
Simnia semen''
(Defrance, 1825)
* ''
Simnia senegalensis''
( Schilder, 1931)
*''
Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
;Species brought into synonymy:
*''Simnia acicularis''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1811): synonym of ''
Cymbovula acicularis''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1811)
* ''Simnia aequalis''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832): synonym of ''Neosimnia avena''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) synonym of ''Simnia avena''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)
*''Simnia aureocincta''
Dall, 1899: synonym of ''
Cyphoma aureocinctum''
( Dall, 1889)
* ''Simnia brevirostris''
(Schumacher, 1817): synonym of ''
Phenacovolva brevirostris''
(Schumacher, 1817)
*''Simnia hiscocki''
Lorenz & Melaun, 2011: synonym of ''
Xandarovula hiscocki''
(Lorenz & Melaun, 2011) (superseded combination)
*''Simnia hyalina''
Lorenz & Fehse, 2009: synonym of ''
Xandarovula hyalina''
(Lorenz & Fehse, 2009) (superseded combination)
*''Simnia illyrica''
( Schilder, 1925): synonym of ''
Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus, 1758) (junior subjective synonym)
*''Simnia inflexa''
Schilder, 1941: synonym of ''
Simnialena rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''Simnia inflexa''
( Sowerby, 1832): synonym of ''
Simnialena rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''Simnia jacintoi''
Fehse & Trigo, 2015: synonym of ''
Xandarovula jacintoi''
(Fehse & Trigo, 2015) (superseded combination)
*''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
*''Simnia nicaoensis''
Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826
*''Simnia piragua''
Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Calcarovula piragua''
( Dall, 1889)
*''Simnia rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832): synonym of ''
Simnialena rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''Simnia sowerbyana''
Paetel, 1887: synonym of ''
Phenacovolva brevirostris''
( Schumacher, 1817)
*''Simnia uniplicata''
( Sowerby, 1849): synonym of ''
Simnialena uniplicata''
( Sowerby, 1849)
* † ''Simnia vibrayana''
(de Raincourt, 1870) : synonym of † ''
Sandalia vibrayana''
(de Raincourt, 1870) (superseded combination)
*''Simnia vidleri''
( Sowerby, 1881):
synonym of ''
Simnia arcuata'' (Reeve, 1865) (junior subjective synonym)
*''Simnia xanthochila''
Kuroda, 1928: synonym of ''
Contrasimnia xanthochila''
( Kuroda, 1928)
References
Dall W.H. 1889. ''Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879-80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda''. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 18: 1-492, pls. 10-40* Cate C.N. (1973). ''A Systematic Revision of the Recent Cypraeid Family Ovulidae''. The Veliger, Vol 15, Supplement.
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species'': a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Dolin L. & Ledon D., 2002. Nouveaux taxons et discussion de la systématique des genres correspondants d'Ovulidae (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) de l'Éocène inférieur de Gan (France). Geodiversitas 24(2): 329-347* Fehse, D. (2016): Superfamilia Cypraeoidea J.E. Gray, 1824 - In: Stein, G. Moths, H. Albrecht, F. Havekost, U. & Fehse, D. (eds.): Revision der miozänen Molluskenfauna (Hemmoorium) von Werder bei Achim (Nordwest-Niedersachsen): 33-41, pls. 16-19, text figs. 8-13. – Palaeofocus, 5: 1-289, pls. 1-76, text figs. 1-93, tabs. 1-5.
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3176673
Ovulidae
Gastropod genera