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File:Sibiu_Centru_vedere_panoramica.jpg, Panoramic view of Sibiu from 1928
File:Sibiu vedere de pe Deaulul Gusteritei.jpg, View from Gușterița hill
File:Johann Böbel - Poarta Burger-Ocnei, la 1857.jpg, Burger-Ocnei gate
File:Johann Bobel - Turnul Portii Cisnadiei.jpg, Cisnădie's Gate Tower
File:Johann Böbel - Strada Turnului şi biserica Evanghelică.jpg, Tower's Street and the Evangelical Lutheran Church
File:Hermanstatt (Sibiu), 17th century engraving.jpg, Copper engraving of Sibiu (''Hermanstatt''), 1630.
File:Lanzedelli - Târg în Transilvania 4.jpg, A busy market scene in Sibiu, 1818
Sibiu is situated near the geographical center of Romania at . Set in the Cibin Depression, the city is about from the
Since 2007, a traditional
It was the first Christmas Market in Romania, but soon other Christmas markets emerged across the country. In 2013, the Sibiu Christmas markets was included in the "15 Of the Most Beautiful Christmas Markets in Europe" In 2019, Sibiu had planned to host the European Gastronomical capital, by encouraging the local producers and businesses in the field of food production and culinary and gourmet culture, traditional workshops in the villages of the region, promoting farms and gastronomic circuits, or developing public programs to support small businesses in gastronomy and of the hospitality industry in the Sibiu region.
Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium,
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian cuisine, traditiona ...
name Sibiu is ''Sibiiu'', while an obsolete folk name is ''Sâghii'', formerly spelled ''Sîghii''. Its Hungarian name is ''Nagyszeben'' ("Big/Greater Sibiu"), or colloquially, ''Szeben''.
In German, it is called ''Hermannstadt'' ("Hermann's city"), while in the local Transylvanian Saxon
The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ...
: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
, in the historical region of Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the ...
. Located some north-west of Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north ...
, the city straddles the Cibin River
Cibin (german: Zibin; hu, Szeben) is a river in central Romania, in the south part of Transylvania. Its source is close to the highest peak in the Cindrel Mountains (known also as Cibin Mountains) of the Southern Carpathian Mountains. Upstream f ...
, a tributary of the river Olt. Now the capital of the Sibiu County
Sibiu County () is a county ( ro, județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat ( ro, reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt).
Name
In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szeben m ...
, between 1692 and 1791 and 1849–65 Sibiu was also the capital of the Principality of Transylvania.
Nicknamed ''The City with Eyes'', the city is a well-known tourist destination for both domestic and foreign visitors. Known for its culture, history, gastronomy
Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastr ...
and diverse architecture, which includes the iconic houses with eyes that gave Sibiu its nickname, the city has garnered significant attention since the beginning of the 21st century. In 2004, its historical center began the process of becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
. Sibiu was designated the European Capital of Culture in 2007. One year later, it was ranked "Europe's 8th-most idyllic place to live" by ''Forbes
''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also r ...
''. In 2019, Sibiu was named the European Region of Gastronomy The European Region of Gastronomy is a title given every year to one or more cities or regions in Europe. The title is awarded by the International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism (IGCAT). Kuopio, a city in eastern Finland, is the ...
. Sibiu hosted the European Wandering Capital event in 2021, the most important tourist wandering event in Europe. A European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been ...
summit
A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. The topographic terms acme, apex, peak (mountain peak), and zenith are synonymous.
The term (mountain top) is generally used only for a m ...
was also hosted by the town in 2019.
Sibiu is also known for its Christmas market
A Christmas market, also known as ''Christkindlmarkt'' (literally: '' Christ Child Market'', but the term "Christkind" usually refers to an angel-like "spirit of Christmas" rather than literally the Christ Child), ''Christkindlesmarkt'', ''Chri ...
. Personalities include Conrad Haas
Conrad Haas (1509–1576) was an Austrian or Transylvanian Saxon military engineer.
He was a pioneer of rocket propulsion. His designs include a three-stage rocket and a manned rocket.
Haas was perhaps born in Dornbach (now part of Hernals, ...
and Hermann Oberth
Hermann Julius Oberth (; 25 June 1894 – 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer. He is considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics, along with Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Konstantin Ts ...
, who were pioneers of rocket
A rocket (from it, rocchetto, , bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using the surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entire ...
ry. The company Elrond, which created the eGold cryptocurrency
A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It ...
(among the biggest in the world), was founded by people from Sibiu.
As of 2011, the city has a population of 147,245, while a 2019 estimate puts it at 169,056. The proposed Sibiu metropolitan area has a population of 267,170. The city also administers the village of Păltiniș, a ski resort located 35 kilometres to the southwest.
Historically, Sibiu has been one of the most important centres of the Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ( ...
. It is called ''Härmeschtat'' in their own local dialect.
Name
The name of the city derives from the Bulgar-Turkic name SibinTransylvanian Saxon dialect
)
, speakers = 200,000
, familycolor = Indo-European
, fam2 = Germanic
, fam3 = West Germanic
, fam4 = Irminonic
, fam5 = High German
, fam6 = West Central German
, fam7 = Central Franconian
, fam8 = Moselle Franconian
, map = Deutschsiebenbür ...
, it is known as ''Härmeschtat''. In Yiddish, it is called סעבען ''Seben'' or הערמאנשטאט ''Hermanshtat''.
A number of other languages also have their own variants of the city's name, like Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
*Czech, ...
''Sibiň'', Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
''Sybin'', Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia an ...
''Sibinj'', Old Bulgarian ''Sibin'' (Сибин) and the proposed Esperanto
Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communi ...
name ''Sibio''.
History
Sibiu was initially aDaco-Roman
The term Daco-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Dacia under the rule of the Roman Empire.
Etymology
The Daco-Roman mixing theory, as an origin for the Romanian people, was formulated by the earliest Romanian scholars, beginning with Doso ...
city called ''Cedonia.'' The town was refounded by Saxon
The Saxons ( la, Saxones, german: Sachsen, ang, Seaxan, osx, Sahson, nds, Sassen, nl, Saksen) were a group of Germanic
*
*
*
*
peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country ( Old Saxony, la, Saxonia) near the No ...
(German) settlers brought there by king Géza II of Hungary
Géza II ( hu, II. Géza; hr, Gejza II; sk, Gejza II; 113031 May 1162) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1141 to 1162. He was the oldest son of Béla the Blind and his wife, Helena of Serbia. When his father died, Géza was still a child ...
. They came from territories of the Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
and Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France ( fro, Reaume de France; frm, Royaulme de France; french: link=yes, Royaume de France) is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period ...
(nowadays parts of Germany, France and the Benelux
The Benelux Union ( nl, Benelux Unie; french: Union Benelux; lb, Benelux-Unioun), also known as simply Benelux, is a Political union, politico-economic union and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighboring states in ...
countries) and arrived at around 1147. The first references to the area were ''Cibinium'' and ''Cipin'' from 1191 when Pope Celestine III
Pope Celestine III ( la, Caelestinus III; c. 1106 – 8 January 1198), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 March or 10 April 1191 to his death in 1198. He had a tense relationship with several monarchs, ...
confirmed the existence of the free prepositure
A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian Churches.
Historical development
The word ''praepositus'' (Latin: "set over", from ''praeponere'', "to place in front") was originally applied to any ecclesiastical ruler or dignitary. I ...
of the Saxons in Transylvania, having its headquarters in Sibiu. The city also used the names ''Prepositus Cibiniensis'' (1192–1196) and ''Prepositus Scibiniensis'' (1211). In 1223, it was renamed to ''Villa Hermanni'', either in honor of archbishop Hermann II of Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...
or after a man who is believed to have founded the city, Hermann of Nuremberg
Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...
. The actual German name of ''Hermannstadt'' ("Hermann's city") dates from 1366, while an earlier form, ''Hermannsdorf'' ("Hermann's village") was recorded in 1321.
In the 14th century, it was already an important trade centre. In 1376, the craftsmen were divided in 19 guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradesmen belonging to a professional association. They sometimes ...
s. Sibiu became the most important ethnic German city among the seven cities that gave Transylvania its German name ''Siebenbürgen'' (literally ''seven citadels''). It was home to the Universitas Saxorum (Community of the Saxons), a network of pedagogues, ministers, intellectuals, city officials, and councilmen of the German community forging an ordered legal corpus and political system in Transylvania since the 1400s. In 1699, after the Ottomans withdrew to their base of power in Hungary and Transylvania, the town became capital of Principality of Transylvania (since 1570 the principality was mostly under suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, however often had a dual vassalage). During the 18th and 19th centuries, the city became the second- and later the first-most important centre of Transylvanian Romanian ethnics. The first Romanian-owned bank had its headquarters here (The ''Albina'' Bank), as did the ASTRA
Astra may refer to:
People
* Astra (name)
Places
* Astra, Chubut, a village in Argentina
* Astra (Isauria), a town of ancient Isauria, now in Turkey
* Astra, one suggested name for a hypothetical fifth planet that became the asteroid belt
Ent ...
(Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and Romanian's People Culture). After the Romanian Orthodox
The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchate ...
Church was granted status in the Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...
from the 1860s onwards, Sibiu became the Metropolitan seat, and the city is still regarded as the third-most important centre of the Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchat ...
. Between the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although t ...
and 1867 (the year of the ''Ausgleich
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...
''), Sibiu was the meeting-place of the Transylvanian Diet
The Transylvanian Diet (german: Siebenbürgischer Landtag; hu, erdélyi országgyűlés; ro, Dieta Transilvaniei) was an important legislative, administrative and judicial body of the Principality (from 1765 Grand Principality) of Transylvania ...
, which had taken its most representative form after the Empire agreed to extend voting rights in the region.
After World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
, when Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
was dissolved, Sibiu became part of Romania; the majority of its population was still ethnic German (until 1941) and counted a large Romanian community, as well as a smaller Hungarian one. Starting from the 1950s and until after 1990, most of the city's ethnic Germans emigrated to Germany and Austria. Among the roughly 2,000 who have remained is Klaus Iohannis
Klaus Werner Iohannis (; ; also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is a Romanian politician, physicist and former teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became leader of the National Liberal Party (Romania), Na ...
, the President of Romania
The president of Romania ( ro, Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. Following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, the president is directly elected by a two-round system and serves for five years. An indiv ...
.
Geography
Sibiu is situated near the geographical center of Romania at . Set in the Cibin Depression, the city is about from the Făgăraș Mountains
The Făgăraș Mountains ( ro, Munții Făgărașului ; hu, Fogarasi-havasok) are the highest mountains of the Southern Carpathians, in Romania.
Geography
The mountain range is situated in the heart of Romania, at .
The range is bordered in the ...
, from the Cibin Mountains, and about from the Lotru Mountains
Lotru Mountains ( ro, Munții Lotrului) are a group of mountains that are part of the Southern Carpathians, in Romania. The highest peak is ''Șteflești Peak'' at .
References
External links
*
*
* {{cite web , url = http://www.welcom ...
, which border the depression in its southwestern section. The northern and eastern limits of Sibiu are formed by the Târnavelor Plateau, which descends to the Cibin Valley through Gușteriței Hill.
The Cibin river as well as some smaller streams runs through Sibiu. The geographical position of Sibiu makes it one of the most important transportation hubs in Romania with important roads and railway lines passing through it.
Climate
Sibiu's climate ishumid continental
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...
(Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Dfb''), with average temperatures of . The average rainfall is , and there are about 120 days of hard frost annually.
Tourism
In 2007, Sibiu was the European Capital of Culture (together withLuxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small land ...
). This was the most important cultural event that has ever happened in the city, and a great number of tourists came, both domestic and foreign.
The city of Sibiu and its surroundings are one of the most visited areas in Romania, as it holds one of the best preserved historical sites in the country, many of its medieval fortifications having been kept in excellent state. Its old center has begun the process for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
in 2004. Sibiu and its surrounding area have many significant museums, with 12+ institutions housing art collections, paintings, and exhibits in decorative arts, archeology, anthropology, history, industrial archeology and history of technology and natural sciences.
The city also lies close to the Făgăraș Mountains
The Făgăraș Mountains ( ro, Munții Făgărașului ; hu, Fogarasi-havasok) are the highest mountains of the Southern Carpathians, in Romania.
Geography
The mountain range is situated in the heart of Romania, at .
The range is bordered in the ...
– a popular trekking destination, close to the city of Păltiniș and Arena Platoș ski resorts – both winter holiday destinations, and it is at the heart of the former Saxon communities in Transylvania renowned for its fortified churches.
Since 2007, a traditional Christmas market
A Christmas market, also known as ''Christkindlmarkt'' (literally: '' Christ Child Market'', but the term "Christkind" usually refers to an angel-like "spirit of Christmas" rather than literally the Christ Child), ''Christkindlesmarkt'', ''Chri ...
has been held in Sibiu. The first of its kind in Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
, it is inspired by Viennese Christmas markets, being a project developed by the Social Attaché of the Austrian Embassy in Romania, dr.h.c. Barbara Schöfnagel
Barbara may refer to:
People
* Barbara (given name)
* Barbara (painter) (1915–2002), pseudonym of Olga Biglieri, Italian futurist painter
* Barbara (singer) (1930–1997), French singer
* Barbara Popović (born 2000), also known mononymously ...
. It was held in the "Lesser Square" (Piața Mică) with 38 small stalls, a small stage and an area dedicated to children, having several mechanical attractions installed there. Since 2008, the market is held in the "Grand Square" (Piata Mare) grew to a number of about 70 stalls, a bigger stage was set up, where Christmas carols concerts are held. An ice skating rink and a children's workshop are also attractions which have been added in the following years.''Târgul de Crăciun din Sibiu''It was the first Christmas Market in Romania, but soon other Christmas markets emerged across the country. In 2013, the Sibiu Christmas markets was included in the "15 Of the Most Beautiful Christmas Markets in Europe" In 2019, Sibiu had planned to host the European Gastronomical capital, by encouraging the local producers and businesses in the field of food production and culinary and gourmet culture, traditional workshops in the villages of the region, promoting farms and gastronomic circuits, or developing public programs to support small businesses in gastronomy and of the hospitality industry in the Sibiu region.
Culture
Sibiu is one of Romania's most culturally lively cities. It has 2 theatres and a philharmonic orchestra along with other smaller private theatrical venues and a theatre studio housed by the Performing Arts and Acting section of Lucian Blaga University, where students hold monthly representations. The Radu Stanca National Theatre is one of the leading Romanian theatres. With origins dating back to 1787, it attracts some of the best-known Romanian directors, such as Gábor Tompa andSilviu Purcărete Silviu may refer to:
* Silviu Bălace (born 1978), Romanian football player
* Silviu Berejan (1927–2007), Bessarabian writer from Moldova and member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
* Silviu Bindea (1912–1992), Romanian football player
*Si ...
. It has both a Romanian-language and a German-language section, and presents an average of five shows a week.
The Gong Theatre is specialised in puppetry, mime and non-conventional shows for children and teenagers. It also presents shows in both Romanian and German.
The State Philharmonic of Sibiu
The State Philharmonic Orchestra of Sibiu ( ro, Filarmonica de Stat Sibiu) is an orchestra from Romania.
History
In the 16th century, Sibiu had one of the first European schools for organ, funded by Hyeronymus Ostermayer and the city's archive c ...
presents weekly classical music concerts, and educational concerts for children and teenagers. The concerts take place in the newly restored Thalia Hall
The Thalia Hall ( ro, Sala Thalia) is a theatre and concert hall situated in Sibiu, Romania. As of October 7, 2004, the hall serves as the new location of the State Philharmonic of Sibiu.Evangelical Cathedral during summers, and thematic concerts are presented by the Faculty of Theology choir at the Orthodox Cathedral.
The 
Several festivals are organised yearly in Sibiu, the most prestigious of them being the
The town government is headed by a mayor. Since 2014, the office is held by
Sibiu is well served in terms of transport and infrastructure. In 2010 a city bypass was opened, significantly reducing the road traffic inside the city.
Sibiu International Airport is one of the most modern international airports in Romania, with direct connections to Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain.
Sibiu is one of the important medical centers of Romania, housing many important medical facilities:
* County Hospital
* Academic Emergency Hospital;
* Hospital of Pediatrics;
* Military Emergency Hospital;
* CFR Hospital (Romanian Railways Hospital);
* "Dr. Gheorghe Preda" Psychiatry Hospital
* other smaller private clinics
The city also houses one of the largest private hospitals in the country, Polisano.
Sibiu is an important centre of higher education, with over 23,000 students in four public and private higher institutions.
The 
The city houses a football stadium, a multi-functional arena building (
Acordul de infratire intre Sibiu si orasul Deventer din Olanda
, 23 May 2007 *
File:SibiuHermannstadtSchild.jpg, Bilingual Romanian-German sign at the entrance in Sibiu/Hermannstadt
File:Piata Mica si Turnul Sfatului.jpg, Turnul Sfatului in Small Square
File:The Small Square of Sibiu, during the closing gala - 2016.jpg, The Small Square of Sibiu, during Feeric Fashion Week closing gala - 2016
File:Târgul de Crăciun din Sibiu.jpeg, The Large Square during Christmas
File:Sibiu_Casa_Lutsch_(5).jpg,
Sibiu.ro: Official Sibiu Online website
— ''tourism and history information and images''.
Turism.sibiu.ro: Official Sibiu Tourism website
patrimoniu.sibiu.ro: Sibiu Heritage website
theFest.ro – Locuri si evenimente din Sibiu, Romania
— ''reference for surface area, population, etc. (2005)''.
Sibiupeople.ro: Restoration of Historical Monuments in Sibiu
—''photo gallery and projects' report''.
Official Sibiu European Cultural Capital 2007 website
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20120111141158/http://www.descopera.net/foto_sibiu.html Descopera.net: Sibiu in pictures
Pictures of Sibiu
{{Authority control Localities in Transylvania Capitals of Romanian counties Cities in Romania 1190 establishments in Europe German communities in Romania Capitals of the Principality of Transylvania Populated places established in the 12th century
Sibiu International Theatre Festival The Sibiu International Theatre Festival ( ro, Festivalul Internațional de Teatru de la Sibiu) is one of the most important theatre and performing arts festivals in the world, and the third biggest, after the Festival d'Avignon and the Edinburgh In ...
is an annual festival of performing arts. Since 2016, it is the largest performance arts festival in the world.
Museums and parks
Sibiu's museums are organised around two entities: theBrukenthal National Museum
The Brukenthal National Museum ( ro, Muzeul Național Brukenthal; german: Brukenthalmuseum) is a museum in Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania, established in the late 18th century by Samuel von Brukenthal (1721-1803) in his city palace. Baron Bruken ...
and the ASTRA National Museum Complex. The Brukenthal Museum consists of an Art Gallery and an Old Books Library located inside the Brukenthal Palace, a History Museum located in the old town hall building, a Pharmacy Museum located in one of the first apothecary
''Apothecary'' () is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses '' materia medica'' (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern chemist (British English) or pharmacist (British and North Amer ...
shops in Europe, dating from the 16th century, a Natural History Museum and a Museum of Arms and Hunting Trophies.
The ASTRA National Museum Complex focuses on ethnography, and consists of a Traditional Folk Civilisation Museum, a 96-hectare open-air museum located in Dumbrava Forest south of Sibiu, a Universal Ethnography Museum, a Museum of Transylvanian Civilisation and a Museum of Saxon Ethnography and Folk Art. Also planned is a Museum of the Culture and Civilisation of the Romany People.
The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park
The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park ( ro, Parcul Natural Dumbrava Sibiului) ( natural park category V IUCN) is a protected area situated in central Romania, in Sibiu County, in administrative territory of Sibiu city.
Description
Dumbrava Sibiul ...
stretches over and it is away from the center of the city in the southwest direction along the road towards Răşinari. Also, here you can find the Zoological Garden and Ethnography Museum.
There is a Steam Locomotives Museum close to the railway station, sheltering around 40 locomotives
A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a multiple unit, motor coach, railcar or power car; th ...
, two of which are functional.
The first park in the city was The Promenade, later called "The Disabled Promenade." established in 1791, today part of Parcul Cetății (Citadel Park). Current arrangement of the park, including the space between the walls, dates from 1928.
The Sub Arini Park, established between 1857 and 1859 based on plans of military engineer Michael Seyfried, is one of the biggest and best-maintained parks in Romania. There are other green spaces in the city center, the best known being Astra Park, established in 1879.
Other parks:
Tineretului Park, Reconstrucției Park, Corneliu Coposu Park, Petöfi Sándor Park, Piața Cluj Park, Ștrand Park, Cristianului Park, Țițeica Park, Vasile Aaron Park, Lira Park.
The distribution of green space is good compared to other Romanian cities.
Events
Several festivals are organised yearly in Sibiu, the most prestigious of them being the Sibiu International Theatre Festival The Sibiu International Theatre Festival ( ro, Festivalul Internațional de Teatru de la Sibiu) is one of the most important theatre and performing arts festivals in the world, and the third biggest, after the Festival d'Avignon and the Edinburgh In ...
, organized each spring at the end of May. Medieval Festival organized every year in August, reviving the medieval spirit of Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the ...
.
The Artmania Festival is held every Summer since 2006 and as of 2008 the Rockin' Transilvania Festival is also held in Sibiu.
The oldest Jazz Festival
This is a list of notable jazz festivals around the world.
Historic jazz festivals
Jazz festivals by country
The following is an incomplete list of notable jazz festivals, including both current and defunct festivals of note.
Africa
Angol ...
in Romania is organized here, as well as the "Carl Filtsch" festival for young classical piano players, the "Astra Film" documentary film festival, the Transylvania calling Festival a Multi Cultural 6-day Open Air Music festival! 26–31 July 2007, a medieval arts festival and many more smaller cultural events. Feeric Fashion Week
Since 2008, Feeric Fashion Week has developed as an international fashion hub for designers coming from more than 20 countries and 4 continents. It is based in the city of Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania, and it is covered by fashion press like ''V ...
is also hosted here.
Sibiu was awarded by IGCAT (International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism) to be part of the European Regions of Gastronomy
European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to:
In general
* ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe
** Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthro ...
program, event that will promote in 2019 the region's culinary heritage, multi-ethnic traditions and multi-cultural community.
European Cultural Capital
The designation as a European Cultural Capital for 2007, owed greatly to the excellent collaboration withLuxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small land ...
, but also to what many regard as a miraculous social rebirth taking place in the city during the last years. The Cultural Capital status was expected to bring about an abrupt increase in quantity and quality of cultural events in 2007.
Administration
The town government is headed by a mayor. Since 2014, the office is held by Astrid Fodor
Astrid Cora Fodor (born 6 November 1953) is a Romanian politician of Transylvanian Saxon ethnicity. Between 2008 and 2014, she was the Deputy Mayor of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt), and since 2 December 2014 she has been the mayor of the town, ini ...
from the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
The Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (german: Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien, DFDR; ro, Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din România, FDGR; in short or ) is a political party (legally recognized as an association of public ...
(FDGR/DFDR), who replaced Klaus Iohannis
Klaus Werner Iohannis (; ; also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is a Romanian politician, physicist and former teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became leader of the National Liberal Party (Romania), Na ...
, the latter having become the 5th president of Romania. Iohannis, a Transylvanian Saxon
The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ...
, was mayor from 2000 to 2014, despite ethnic Germans nowadays making up less than 2% of Sibiu's population. Decisions are approved and discussed by the local government (''consiliu local'') made up of 23 elected councillors. Sibiu is the capital of the Sibiu County
Sibiu County () is a county ( ro, județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat ( ro, reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt).
Name
In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szeben m ...
.
City districts
Sibiu is divided into the following districts: * Historical center (divided into the Upper and Lower Town) * Center (south-west of the historical center) * Broscărie * Dumbrăvii * Gușterița (german: link=no, Hammersdorf) * Hipodrom I, II, III, IV * Lazaret * Lupeni * Piața Cluj (named afterCluj
; hu, kincses város)
, official_name=Cluj-Napoca
, native_name=
, image_skyline=
, subdivision_type1 = County
, subdivision_name1 = Cluj County
, subdivision_type2 = Status
, subdivision_name2 = County seat
, settlement_type = City
, le ...
)
* Reșița (named after Reșița
Reșița (; german: link=no, Reschitz; hu, Resicabánya; hr, Ričica; cz, Rešice; sr, Решица/Rešica; tr, Reşçe) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city ha ...
)
* Ștrand Ștrand is a residential district of Sibiu, Romania, located in the western part of the city.
The district is located around the swimming pool complex of the city, the name deriving from that fact. It is separated into two smaller neighborhoods: Ș ...
* Terezian
* Tilișca
* Tineretului
* Trei Stejari Trei Stejari ( en, Three Oaks) is a district near the center of Sibiu, Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the ...
* Turnișor (german: link=no, Neppendorf)
* Țiglari
Țiglari is a district of Sibiu, Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Uk ...
* Valea Aurie
* Vasile Aaron
Vasile Aaron (; 1770—1822) was an ethnic Romanian lawyer and poet who lived in the Austrian Empire.
Born in Glogoveț, Alba County, he attended high school in Blaj, followed by Law studies in Cluj. Moving to Sibiu to work as a lawyer, ...
* Veteranilor de Război
* Viile Sibiului
Some of them were villages annexed by the city as it grew, others were built as the city developed and increased its surface.
The ASTRA National Museum Complex and the Zoo, located in the south, also fall within city limits. The Păltiniș ski resort, located 35 kilometres to the south, is also administered by Sibiu.
While Șelimbăr
Șelimbăr (german: Schellenberg; hu, Sellenberk) is a commune in central Romania, in the county of Sibiu in Transylvania, to the east of the county seat Sibiu. The village of Șelimbăr has been known to exist since 1323 and is the site of the ...
and the ''Arhitecților'' district of Cisnădie are not part of Sibiu proper, they are adjacent to the city limits and often considered part of it.
Demographics
As of 2011 census data, Sibiu has a population of 147,245, a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2002 census, making it the 14th-largestcity
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be de ...
in Romania. The ethnic breakdown was as follows:
* Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Roman ...
95.9%
* Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Ural ...
1.6%
* Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
(Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ( ...
) 1.1%
* Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
* Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
0.4%
A 2017 estimate placed the population at 169,316, a 14.98 percent increase since 2011. This increase makes Sibiu's population surpass the numbers observed in 1992 when the previously highest population was recorded.
Population dynamics
Population by religious denomination
Today, most of the population is Romanian Orthodox.Protestant
Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
s and Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
s represent about 5% of the population.
Economy
Sibiu is an important economic hub for Romania, with a high rate of foreign investments. It is also an important hub for the manufacturing of automotive components and houses factories belonging toThyssenKrupp
ThyssenKrupp AG (, ; stylized as thyssenkrupp) is a German industrial engineering and steel production multinational conglomerate. It is the result of the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and ...
Bilstein-Compa, Takata Corporation
was a Japanese automotive parts company. The company had production facilities on four continents, with its European headquarters located in Germany.Anghel, Alexandru (December 10, 2009)."Takata Petri hires 1,000 people in half a year in Arad and ...
, Continental Automotive Systems
Continental Automotive Systems (CAS), founded in 1906 by Alfred Teves, a division of the German Continental AG, was a brake and electronics supplier to the automotive industry, supplying systems, components, electronics, lithium-ion batteries a ...
, Marquardt Group
Marquardt, a family-run company founded in 1925 and based in Rietheim-Weilheim, Germany, is a manufacturer of electromechanical and electronic switches and switching systems. The products of the company are used by customers in the automotive i ...
and NTN-SNR ball bearings.
Other local industries are machine components, textiles, agro-industry, and electrical components ( Siemens).
The city also contained Romania's second-largest stock exchange, the Sibiu Stock Exchange
The Sibex-Sibiu Stock Exchange (''Sibex S.A.'' in Romanian) was a stock exchange and futures exchange in Romania that was the largest market for Futures and Options trading in Romania. It was established in 1994 and finally merged with the Bucha ...
which merged with the Bucharest Stock Exchange
The Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB) (Romanian: ''Bursa de Valori București'') is the stock exchange of Romania located in Bucharest. In 2019, the capitalization of BVB increased 23.4% compared to the previous year, to the value of EUR 37.8 billion ...
in 2018.
The main industrial activities of Sibiu take place in two industrial zones located on the outskirts of the city:
*East industrial zone (East Economic Center), alongside the railway to Brașov
Brașov (, , ; german: Kronstadt; hu, Brassó; la, Corona; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Kruhnen'') is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.
According to the latest Romanian census ( 2011), Brașov has a po ...
and Râmnicu Vâlcea
Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled ''Rîmnicu Vîlcea'' or, in the past, ''Rîmnic-Vâlcea'', ) (population: 92,573 as per the 2011 Romanian census) is the county capital ( ro, Reședință de județ) and also the largest town of Vâlcea County, cent ...
*West industrial zone (West Economic Center), near the exit to Sebeș
Sebeș (; German: ''Mühlbach''; Hungarian: ''Szászsebes''; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Melnbach'') is a city in Alba County, central Romania, southern Transylvania.
Geography
The city lies in the Mureș River valley and straddles the r ...
, close to the Airport
An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...
A commercial zone located in the Șelimbăr
Șelimbăr (german: Schellenberg; hu, Sellenberk) is a commune in central Romania, in the county of Sibiu in Transylvania, to the east of the county seat Sibiu. The village of Șelimbăr has been known to exist since 1323 and is the site of the ...
commune plays an important role in the economy of Sibiu. It houses a mall and other large retailers.
Another factor that plays an important role in the economy of the city is tourism, which has been increasing at a steady rate since 2007.
Transport
Sibiu is well served in terms of transport and infrastructure. In 2010 a city bypass was opened, significantly reducing the road traffic inside the city.
Tursib Tursib is the local public transport operator in Sibiu, Romania, operating bus service. It also services outlying areas and villages. It is a joint-stock company created in 1998. Originally, Tursib's network also included trolleybuses and a sub ...
is the city's internal transportation system operator.
Air
Sibiu International Airport is one of the most modern international airports in Romania, with direct connections to Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain.
Road
Sibiu is an important node in the European road network, being on two different European routes (E68 and E81). At a national level, Sibiu is located on three different main national roads, DN1, DN7 and DN14. The Romanian Motorway A1 will link the city withPitești
Pitești () is a city in Romania, located on the river Argeș. The capital and largest city of Argeș County, it is an important commercial and industrial center, as well as the home of two universities. Pitești is situated in the historical re ...
and the Romanian western border, near Arad. From the remaining of motorway towards the border with Hungary Nadlac, a total of is completed and the last are currently under construction, while the timeline for the segment towards Pitești is targeted for completion for the year 2025 (construction will start no sooner than 2019). Sibiu' s ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop, bypass or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city, or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist i ...
as part of A1 motorway was completed on 1 December 2010.
Sibiu is also an important hub for the international bus links with the biggest passenger transporter in Romania, Atlassib, based here. Transport companies are also providing coach connections from Sibiu to a large number of locations in Romania.
Rail
Sibiu is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 200 (Brasov – Făgăraș – Sibiu – Simeria – Arad – Romanian Western Border) and on Line 206 (Sibiu – Mediaș). The city is served by five rail stations: the Main Station (Gara Mare), the Little Station (''Gara Mică''), Turnișor, Sibiu Triaj, Halta Ateliere Zonă . It has an important diesel-powered locomotives depot and a freight terminal. Numerous Inter Regional trains (nicknamed Blue Arrows) connect Sibiu to other major cities in Romania: Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, Craiova, Timișoara and Bucharest.Cycling
Over the last six years, Sibiu has enjoyed a revival of cycling. The bicycle way in the city spans for 43 kilometers. Bicycle rentals have offered a boost for the local economy with several small rental centers and a bigger rental center that is administered by the I'Velo Bike Sharing group.Health
Sibiu is one of the important medical centers of Romania, housing many important medical facilities:
* County Hospital
* Academic Emergency Hospital;
* Hospital of Pediatrics;
* Military Emergency Hospital;
* CFR Hospital (Romanian Railways Hospital);
* "Dr. Gheorghe Preda" Psychiatry Hospital
* other smaller private clinics
The city also houses one of the largest private hospitals in the country, Polisano.
Education
Sibiu is an important centre of higher education, with over 23,000 students in four public and private higher institutions.
The Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Lucian of Samosata, '; la, Lucianus Samosatensis ( 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstitio ...
was founded in 1990, with five faculties: Engineering and Sciences; Language Sciences; History and Law; Medicine; Food and Textile Processing Technology. Nowadays, there are 10 faculties and departments.
Sibiu also houses the Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy and the Military Foreign Language Center as well as two private universities, ''Romanian-German University'' and ''Alma Mater University''.
In Sibiu there are 20 educational institutions on the secondary level, the most important of which are:
* Gheorghe Lazăr National College – sciences and informatics, first opened in 1692 as a Jesuit College
The Jesuits (Society of Jesus) in the Catholic Church have founded and managed a number of educational institutions, including the notable secondary schools, colleges and universities listed here.
Some of these universities are in the United Stat ...
* Samuel von Brukenthal National College
Samuel von Brukenthal National College (german: Samuel-von-Brukenthal-Gymnasium, ro, Colegiul Național „Samuel von Brukenthal”, hu, Samuel von Brukenthal Főgimnázium ) is a German-language high school founded in Nagyszeben, Transylvania ...
– German language high school
*Octavian Goga
Octavian Goga (; 1 April 1881 – 7 May 1938) was a Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator.
Life and politics
Goga was born in Rășinari, near Sibiu.
Goga was an active member in the Romanian nationalis ...
National College – social sciences, sciences, informatics and linguistics
*Onisifor Ghibu
Onisifor Ghibu (May 31, 1883 – October 3, 1972) was a Romanian teacher of pedagogy, member of the Romanian Academy, and politician.
Biography Early life
Born into a peasant family in Szelistye (now Săliște, Romania), near Nagyszeben (now Si ...
Theoretical Highschool – informatics, sciences, sports, theater and linguistics
*Andrei Șaguna
Andrei Șaguna (; 20 January 1808, Miskolc, Hungary – 28 June 1873, Nagyszeben, Hungary) was a Metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania, and one of the Romanian community political leaders in the Habsburg monarchy, ...
National College – training for school teacher and linguistics
*Constantin Noica
Constantin Noica (; – 4 December 1987) was a Romanian philosopher, essayist and poet. His preoccupations were throughout all philosophy, from epistemology, philosophy of culture, axiology and philosophic anthropology to ontology and logics ...
Theoretical Highschool – sciences and linguistics
*Daniel Popovici Barcianu Highschool – agricultural sciences
* George Baritiu National College – economic sciences
*Nicolae Iorga
Nicolae Iorga (; sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. 17 January 1871 – 27 November 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, Albanologist, poet ...
Elementary school
* Regina Maria Elementary school
Sports
The city houses a football stadium, a multi-functional arena building (Sala Transilvania
Sala Transilvania is an indoor arena in Sibiu, Romania
Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located ...
), a rugby court, a municipal pool and several private tennis courts.
Also, several sports international competitions are taking place every year: Sibiu Cycling Tour
The Sibiu Cycling Tour (Cycling Tour of Sibiu until 2015) is a 2.1 category professional bicycle road race held in Sibiu, Romania. Its first edition took place in July 2011, as part of the UCI Europe Tour. The race is organised with the support o ...
(in July), Red Bull Romaniacs Hard Enduro Rallye (around July), Sibiu Open
The Sibiu Open is a tennis tournament held in Sibiu, Romania since 2012. In early 2012 it was announced that BRD – Groupe Société Générale will sponsor 4 Romanian ATP Challenger Tour tournaments with Sibiu chosen to host a brand new tourname ...
(formerly held in September), Sibiu Rally (currently held in October).
Football
Sibiu has had a long football tradition, starting in 1913 with the founding of Șoimii Sibiu
Șoimii Sibiu (Falcons Sibiu) was a football team from Sibiu. They were founded in 1913 and disappeared in 2001.
They were a main team in Sibiu, being four times regional champions of Sibiu. Their best pre-war performance was defeating the 6-t ...
, which was the launchpad of Ilie Oană's career, who later became a star of FC Petrolul Ploiești
Asociația Clubul Sportiv Petrolul 52, commonly known as Petrolul Ploiești () or simply as Petrolul, is a Romanian professional football club based in Ploiești, Prahova County, which competes in the Liga I.
Founded in 1924 in capital Buchar ...
. Later came Societatea Gimnastică Sibiu
Gymnastics Society Sibiu ( ro, Societatea de Gimnastică Sibiu, german: Hermannstädter Turnverein - HTV) was a German sport club based in Sibiu. At that time the city was part of Austria-Hungary and after part of Romania.
History
The Sibiu Gymna ...
, a sport club of Sibiu's Transylvanian Saxon community, which's best performance was reaching the Divizia A
The Liga I (; ''First League''), also spelled as Liga 1, is a Romanian professional league for men's association football clubs. Currently sponsored by betting company Superbet, it is officially known as the SuperLiga. It is the country's top ...
final in the 1930–31 season. The best ever football team from Sibiu, based on performances, was Inter Sibiu, which had finished 4th after the 1990–91 season and had won the Balkans Cup
The Balkans Cup was an international football competition for clubs from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. It was introduced in 1961 and was very popular in the 1960s (the 1967 final attracted 42,000 spectators), being ...
during the same season. During the 21st century, the city has been represented by FC Sibiu and Voința Sibiu (of which only the latter has reached Liga I
The Liga I (; ''First League''), also spelled as Liga 1, is a Romanian professional league for men's association football clubs. Currently sponsored by betting company Superbet, it is officially known as the SuperLiga. It is the country's top ...
). Currently, FC Hermannstadt is the only major football team representing Sibiu.
Basketball
CSU Sibiu, one of the best Romanian basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...
teams at the moment, represents Sibiu in the top tier of Romanian basketball, Liga Națională.
Handball
The city's handball team is called CSM Sibiu. Additionally, the nearby town of Cisnădie has a women's team in the first league, CS Măgura.
Rugby
* CSM Sibiu
Volleyball
* CSM Sibiu (men)
* CSS Sibiu (women)
Speed Skating
* CSS Sibiu
Natives
* Michael Gottlieb Agnethler, botanist *Alexandru Apolzan
Alexandru Apolzan (6 February 1927 – 23 December 1982) was a Romanian footballer, who played as a defender, mainly for Steaua București and also for Romania. He has been credited with the invention of the sweeper role and is considered one o ...
, football player
* Arthur Arz von Straussenburg, Austro-Hungarian general
* Florin Barbu, bass player in Romanian bands Timpuri Noi and Proconsul
* Claudiu Baștea
Claudiu Baştea (born 18 March 1979 in Sibiu) is a Romanian judoka
is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』 ...
, judoka
* Ion Besoiu
Ion Besoiu (; 11 March 1931 – 18 January 2017) was a Romanian actor.
Biography
He was born in Sibiu in 1931 and graduated the city's Theater and Music Academy. After making his debut in 1957, he played for 16 years at the Radu Stanca National ...
, Romanian actor
* Miklós Borsos
Miklós Borsos (13 August 1906 – 27 January 1990) was a Hungarian sculptor and medallist. His style integrated elements of archaic art and classicism with modern elements.
Biography
Born in Nagyszeben, Transylvania (present-day Sibiu, Romani ...
, Hungarian sculptor
* Dan Burincă
Dan Burincă (born 17 June 1972 in Sibiu, Romania) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who specialized in rings. He is a silver Olympic medalist and a multiple world medalist on rings.
After retirement he coached at CSS Cetate Deva Romania an ...
, Olympic artistic gymnast
* Andrei Codrescu
Andrei Codrescu (; born December 20, 1946) is a Romanian-born American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and commentator for National Public Radio. He is the winner of the Peabody Award for his film ''Road Scholar'' and the Ovid Prize for ...
, American writer
* Sabina Cojocar
Sabina Carolina Cojocar (born 23 October 1985) is a Romanian retired international elite artistic gymnast and singer. She became a world gold medalist with the Romanian women's gymnastics team in 2001 and is also a five-time medalist at the 200 ...
, Romanian gymnast
* Alexandru Curtean
Alexandru Paul Curtean (born 27 March 1987 in Sibiu) is a Romanian footballer who played as a midfielder.
Personal life
Born in Sibiu, Curtean was born into a sporting family. His father, Dan Curtean, was also a football player in the ea ...
, football player
* Florin Diacu, Romanian-Canadian mathematician
* Steve Holmes, German pornographic actor
* Victor Iliu, Romanian film director
* Klaus Iohannis
Klaus Werner Iohannis (; ; also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is a Romanian politician, physicist and former teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became leader of the National Liberal Party (Romania), Na ...
, 5th President of Romania
* Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten
Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten (16 September 1860 – 7 August 1934) was a colonel general of the Austrian Imperial Army.Siege of Przemyśl
The siege of Przemyśl was the longest siege in Europe during the First World War. The siege was a crushing defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army by the Russian Army. Przemyśl (german: Premissel) was a fortress-town and stronghold on the River Sa ...
* Mircea Mureșan
Mircea Mureșan (11 November 1928 – 24 April 2020) was a Romanian film director. He directed 22 films between 1961 and 2004. Mureșan won the prize for Best First Work at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival for the film ''Răscoala''.
Born in ...
, Romanian film director
* Alexandru Mușina
Alexandru Muşina (; July 1, 1954 in Sibiu – June 19, 2013 in Brasov) was a Romanian poet, essayist, and editor
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, photographic, visual, audible, or cinematic material used b ...
, Romanian poet
* Steliana Nistor
Steliana Nistor (born 15 September 1989) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast. She was a key member of the Romanian team between 2006 and 2008, where she helped the Romania win team bronze medals at the 2007 World Championships and the 2008 Oly ...
, Romanian gymnast
* Hermann Oberth
Hermann Julius Oberth (; 25 June 1894 – 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer. He is considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics, along with Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Konstantin Ts ...
, space flight technology pioneer
* Nicolaus Olahus
Nicolaus Olahus (Latin for ''Nicholas, the Vlach''; hu, Oláh Miklós; ro, Nicolae Valahul); 10 January 1493 – 15 January 1568) was the Archbishop of Esztergom, Primate of Hungary, and a distinguished Catholic prelate, humanist and histori ...
, Catholic archbishop of Esztergom
* Valerian Onițiu
Valerian Oniţiu (also Valeriu Oniţiu) (April 8, 1872, Sibiu, Romania – 31 December 1948, Timișoara) was a Romanian chess problemist.
Oniţiu composed all types of problems particularly fairy chess problems. Oniţiu has ten chess problems i ...
, chess problemist
* Oskar Pastior
Oskar Pastior (; 20 October 1927 – 4 October 2006) was a Romanian-born German poet and translator. He was the only German member of Oulipo.
Biography
Born into a Transylvanian Saxon family in Sibiu (Hermannstadt), he was deported in January 19 ...
, poet and translator
* Dan Perjovschi, Romanian artist
* Claudia Presecan, Romanian gymnast
* Erna Rubinstein, Hungarian violinist
* Iancu Sasul
Iancu Sasul (''John the Saxon'') or Ioan Vodă V (''Voivode John V''; d. September 28, 1582 in Lviv) was the bastard son of Petru Rareş from his relationship with the wife of Braşov Transylvanian Saxon Iorg (Jürgen) Weiss, and Prince of Moldav ...
, Moldavian ruler
* Tobias Stranover
Tobias Stranover or Toby Stranovius (1684–1756) was a Transylvanian Saxon born painter (1684–after 1731).
Stranover was born in Hermannstadt but travelled to Germany, the Netherlands, and England, where he stayed. He is registered in Hamburg, ...
, Transylvanian Saxon painter
* Jenő Szemák, Hungarian jurist
* Viorel Tilea
Viorel Virgil Tilea C.B.E. (6 April 1896 – 20 September 1972) was a Romanian diplomat, most noted for his ambassadorship in the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He died in London. During the Second World War, Tilea lived at Holton Pla ...
, Romanian diplomat
* Melania Ursu, stage and film actress
* Radu Vasile
Radu Vasile (; 10 October 1942 – 3 July 2013) was a Romanian politician, historian, and poet.
Originally a member of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD), Vasile served as the Prime Minister of Romania between 17 April 1 ...
, politician, Prime Minister of Romania
* Delia Velculescu Delia Velculescu (born in 1975) is a Romanian-American economist and the IMF mission chief in Greece during the Greek government debt crisis, before her replacement by Peter Dolman in 2018.
She was born Delia Moraru in the city of Sibiu, in Transy ...
, Romanian-American economist
* Adele Zay
Adele Zay (29 February 1848 – 29 December 1928) was a Transylvanian teacher, feminist and pedagogue. Her family were part of the German-speaking community of the Kingdom of Hungary. Because of her father's death during her infancy, Zay's educa ...
, Transylvanian-Saxon who established the kindergarten system in Hungary and then Romania
International relations
Twin towns
Sibiu has twinning agreements with: *Bauru
Bauru () is a Brazilian municipality in midwestern region of the state of São Paulo. It is the main city of the mesoregion and microregion of Bauru. The population is 379,297 (2020 est.) in an area of 667.68 km². Established in 1896, ...
, Brazil, since 1995.
* Butuan
Butuan (pronounced ), officially the City of Butuan ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Butuan; Butuanon: ''Dakbayan hong Butuan''; fil, Lungsod ng Butuan), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Caraga, Philippines. It is the ''de facto'' ...
, Philippines
* Columbia, Missouri, USA, since 1994.
* Deventer
Deventer (; Sallands: ) is a city and municipality in the Salland historical region of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands. In 2020, Deventer had a population of 100,913. The city is largely situated on the east bank of the river IJssel, ...
, Netherlands, since 2007. Sibiu Town Hall Official SiteAcordul de infratire intre Sibiu si orasul Deventer din Olanda
, 23 May 2007 *
Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16. Jänner 2008, Stück 1, Nr. 1: ''Gesetz vom 25. Oktober 2007, mit dem die Kärntner Landesverfassung und das Klagenfurter Stadtrecht 1998 geändert werden.'/ref> (; ; sl, Celovec), usually ...
, Austria, since 1990.
* Landshut, Germany, since 2002.
* Marburg
Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approx ...
, Germany, since 2005.
* Mechelen
Mechelen (; french: Malines ; traditional English name: MechlinMechelen has been known in English as ''Mechlin'', from where the adjective ''Mechlinian'' is derived. This name may still be used, especially in a traditional or historical contex ...
, Belgium, since 1996.
* Rennes
Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine departm ...
, France, since 1999.
* Valencia, Venezuela
Valencia () is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela.
The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay m ...
, since 1993.
* Wirral, United Kingdom, since 1994.
* Takayama, Gifu
Takayama City Hall
is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 88,473 in 35,644 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was making it the largest city ...
, Japan, since 2009.
* Durham Durham most commonly refers to:
*Durham, England, a cathedral city and the county town of County Durham
*County Durham, an English county
* Durham County, North Carolina, a county in North Carolina, United States
*Durham, North Carolina, a city in N ...
, North Carolina, United States, since 2019
Consulates
The following countries have consulates in Sibiu: * – Consulate-General * – Honorary consulate * – Honorary consulate * – Honorary consulateGallery
Lutsch House german: (Das) Lutschhaus hu, Lutsch-ház
, native_name_lang = ro
, former_names =
, alternate_names =
, status =
, image = Sibiu Casa Lutsch (5).jpg
, image_alt =
, image_size ...
, the headquarters of FDGR
See also
*List of castles in Romania
This is a list of castles and fortresses declared historic monuments by Romania's Ministry of Culture. Banat
; Caraș-Severin (6)
* Bey's Fortress, Socolari
* Caransebeș Fortress, Caransebeș
* Cuiești Fortress, Bocșa
* Ladislau Fortr ...
* Timeline of Sibiu
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania.
Before the 17th century
* Before 12th C. – Daco-Roman city called ''Cedonia''
* 12th C. – Area settled by Hermann of Nuremberg.
* 1191 – Mentioned fo ...
* Tourism in Romania
Romania's tourism sector had a direct contribution of EUR 5.21 billion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018, slightly higher than in 2017, placing Romania on the 32nd place in the world, ahead of Slovakia and Bulgaria, but behind Greece a ...
* Seven Wonders of Romania
Various lists of the Seven Wonders of Romania ( ro, Cele Șapte Minuni ale României) have been compiled from past to the present day, to catalogue Romania's most spectacular artificial structures.
Lists ''Evenimentul Zilei''s Seven Wonders
...
* Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania
The south-eastern Transylvania region in Romania currently has one of the highest numbers of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries. It has more than 150 well preserved fortified churches of a great variety of architectural s ...
References
Bibliography
External links
Sibiu.ro: Official Sibiu Online website
— ''tourism and history information and images''.
Turism.sibiu.ro: Official Sibiu Tourism website
patrimoniu.sibiu.ro: Sibiu Heritage website
theFest.ro – Locuri si evenimente din Sibiu, Romania
— ''reference for surface area, population, etc. (2005)''.
Sibiupeople.ro: Restoration of Historical Monuments in Sibiu
—''photo gallery and projects' report''.
Official Sibiu European Cultural Capital 2007 website
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20120111141158/http://www.descopera.net/foto_sibiu.html Descopera.net: Sibiu in pictures
Pictures of Sibiu
{{Authority control Localities in Transylvania Capitals of Romanian counties Cities in Romania 1190 establishments in Europe German communities in Romania Capitals of the Principality of Transylvania Populated places established in the 12th century