Siberian sturgeon

The Siberian sturgeon (''Huso baerii'') is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, including the Ob, Yenisei (which drains Lake Baikal via the Angara River) Lena, and Kolyma Rivers. It was also found in Kazakhstan and China in the Irtysh River, a major tributary of the Ob, though wild populations are extirpated in China. The species epithet honors the German Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer.

Taxonomy

Prior to 2025, it was placed in the genus ''Acipenser'', but this placement was found to be paraphyletic, and it is more accurately placed in the genus ''Huso''.

The Siberian sturgeon has previously been divided into two subspecies. However, recent studies suggest they may be monotypic, forming continuous genetically connected populations throughout their vast range.Ruban, G.I. (1999). he Siberian Sturgeon ''Acipenser baerii'' Brandt (Structure and Ecology of the Species) Moscow. GEOS publishers. Pp. 235 (in Russian).

The previous nominate taxon (''A. b. baerii'') accounts for 80% of all Siberian sturgeon and resides in the Ob River and its tributaries. This population migrates to the mouth of the Ob during the winter due to seasonal oxygen deficiency, and swims thousands of kilometers upstream to spawn.

Also, previously considered a subspecies, ''A. b. baicalensis'', known as the Baikal sturgeon, is a lake population found primarily in the northern end of Lake Baikal, and migrates up the Selenga River to spawn.

Once considered a third subspecies, "''A. b. stenorrhynchus''" resides in the eastern Siberian rivers and displays two life history patterns: a more abundant migratory one which swims considerable distances (sometimes thousands of kilometers) upstream from estuaries and deltas to spawn, and a nonmigratory form.

Description and population status

Siberian sturgeon usually weigh about 65 kg, with considerable variability between and within river basins. The maximum recorded weight was 210 kg. As with all other acipenserids, the Siberian sturgeon are long-lived (up to 60 years), and late to reach sexual maturity (males at 11–24 years, females at 20–28 years). They spawn in strong current main stem river channels over stone or gravel substrates.

The Siberian sturgeon feeds on a variety of benthic organisms, such as crustaceans and chironomid larvae.

The species had been in steep decline in its natural range due to habitat loss, degradation, and poaching. Up to 40% of the Siberian sturgeon spawning habitat has been made inaccessible by damming. High levels of pollution in certain places have led to significant negative impacts on the reproductive development of gonads.

Aquaculture

While wild catches have been generally declining, the Siberian sturgeon is increasingly farmed both for meat and to produce caviar from its roe. Because the Lena population of ''A. baerii'' completes its lifecycle in fresh water and sexually matures relatively early, it is the most common original broodstock for captive-bred specimens. The main producer of Siberian sturgeon caviar is France, while the largest meat producers are Russia and China.Jesús Matallanas, FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme - SIDP. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department nline Rome. Updated . ited 18 June 2010 http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Acipenser_baerii/en

In Thailand, a tropical country, it is bred in the high mountains of the north in the Royal Project, an initiative of King Rama IX and Queen Sirikit, to obtain meat and roes for consumption alongside rainbow trout.

Invasive species

In late October 2023, a 1.8 kg Siberian sturgeon was caught in the Mekong River in Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai Province, bordering Thailand and Laos. Believed that they escaped from a farm in Laos. Several have already been captured by local fishermen. It remains a mystery how they survive in such a tropical wet in wild.

References

External links

* G. I. Ruban, Siberian Sturgeon ''Acipenser baerii'' Brandt (Species Structure and Ecology) (GEOS, Moscow, 1999) n Russian

CITES Siberian sturgeon (''A. baerii'')

FAO fact page on ''A. baerii'' aquaculture

{{Taxonbar, from=Q756771

Acipenser
Fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of the Arctic
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich von Brandt
Fish described in 1869