Shang-keng Ma (September 24, 1940 – November 24, 1983) was a Chinese theoretical physicist, known for his work on the theory of
critical phenomena
In physics, critical phenomena is the collective name associated with the
physics of critical points. Most of them stem from the divergence of the
correlation length, but also the dynamics slows down. Critical phenomena include scaling relations ...
and
random systems.
[ He is known as the co-author with ]Bertrand Halperin
Bertrand I. Halperin (born December 6, 1941) is an American physicist, former holder of the Hollis Chair of Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy at the physics department of Harvard University. In 2006, he received the Wolf Prize in Physics for hi ...
and Pierre Hohenberg of a 1972 paper that "generalized the renormalization group theory to dynamical critical phenomena."[ Ma is also known as the co-author with Yoseph Imry of a 1975 paper][ and with Amnon Aharony and Imry of a 1976 paper that established the foundation of the ]random field
In physics and mathematics, a random field is a random function over an arbitrary domain (usually a multi-dimensional space such as \mathbb^n). That is, it is a function f(x) that takes on a random value at each point x \in \mathbb^n(or some other ...
Ising model
The Ising model (or Lenz–Ising model), named after the physicists Ernst Ising and Wilhelm Lenz, is a mathematical models in physics, mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics. The model consists of discrete variables that r ...
(RFIM)
Biography
He transferred in 1959 from the National Taiwan University
National Taiwan University (NTU; zh, t=國立臺灣大學, poj=Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k, p=, s=) is a National university, national Public university, public research university in Taipei, Taiwan. Founded in 1928 during Taiwan under J ...
to the University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Berkeley, California, United States. Founded in 1868 and named after t ...
. There he graduated in 1962 with a bachelor's degree in science and in 1966 with a Ph.D. His Ph.D. thesis ''Correlations of Photons from a Thermal Source'' was supervised by Kenneth M. Watson. As a postdoc in 1966, Ma went to the University of California, San Diego
The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego in communications material, formerly and colloquially UCSD) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in San Diego, California, United States. Es ...
(UCSD) to study with Keith Brueckner
Keith Allen Brueckner (March 19, 1924 – September 19, 2014) was an American theoretical physicist who made important contributions in several areas of physics, including many-body theory in condensed matter physics, and laser fusion.
Biography
...
. Ma's outstanding ability earned him a faculty appointment at UCSD in less than a year. He was at the Institute for Advanced Study
The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) is an independent center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry located in Princeton, New Jersey. It has served as the academic home of internationally preeminent scholars, including Albert Ein ...
(IAS) from September 1968 to June 1969 and
in the autumn of 1970. There he worked with Shau-Jin Chang on the infinite-energy limit of Feynman diagram
In theoretical physics, a Feynman diagram is a pictorial representation of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior and interaction of subatomic particles. The scheme is named after American physicist Richard Feynman, who introduced ...
s[ and with Roger Dashen on the ]S-matrix
In physics, the ''S''-matrix or scattering matrix is a Matrix (mathematics), matrix that relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering, scattering process. It is used in quantum mechanics, scattering ...
formulation of statistical mechanics
In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities. Sometimes called statistical physics or statistical thermodynamics, its applicati ...
.[ In 1971 he became a tenured faculty member of the UCSD physics department] and became a Sloan Research Fellow.
In 1976 Ma was a visiting scientist at Paris-Saclay University
Paris-Saclay University (, ) is a combined technological research institute and public research university in Orsay, France. Paris-Saclay was established in 2019 after the merger of four technical ''grandes écoles,'' as well as several technol ...
and published his paper ''Renormalization group by Monte Carlo methods'', which introduced a technique which "has evolved into a powerful technology that is widely used today for the numerical study of critical phenomena."[
In the two academic years 1977–1978 and 1981–1982 he taught in Taiwan at ]Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Constructio ...
, where he wrote in Chinese an advanced text on statistical mechanics — the book, published in 1983, "eschews the traditional approach built on the Gibbs ensemble." World Scientific
World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore. The company was founded in 1981. It publishes about 600 books annually, with more than 170 journals in var ...
published an English translation in 1985. In 1986 World Scientific also published a memorial volume in honor of Ma.[ Publications of Shang-Keng Ma]
p. 249p. 250p. 251p. 252
/ref>
Upon his death he was survived by his widow and two children.[
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Articles
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* (over 1100 citations)
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* (over 450 citations)
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Books
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** 1982
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* 1985
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ma, Shang-keng
1940 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Chinese physicists
Sloan Research Fellows
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, San Diego faculty