Sergei Tretyakov (scientist)
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Sergei Anatolyevich Tretyakov ( rus, Серге́й Анато́льевич Третьяко́в, p=sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ trʲɪtʲjɪˈkof, a=Sergei_Tretyakov_(pronunciation_in_Russian).ogg; born in 1956) is a Russian-Finnish scientist, focused in electromagnetic field theory, complex media electromagnetics and
microwave engineering Microwave engineering pertains to the study and design of microwave circuits, components, and systems. Fundamental principles are applied to analysis, design and measurement techniques in this field. The short wavelengths involved distinguish this ...
. He is currently a professor a
Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering
Aalto University Aalto University (; ) is a public university, public research university located in Espoo, Finland. It was established in 2010 as a merger of three major Finnish universities: the Helsinki University of Technology, the Helsinki School of Economic ...
(former
Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...
),
Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
. His main research area in recent years is
metamaterial A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά ''meta'', meaning "beyond" or "after", and the Latin word ''materia'', meaning "matter" or "material") is a type of material engineered to have a property, typically rarely observed in naturally occu ...
s and metasurfaces from fundamentals to applications. He was the president of th
European Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials (”Metamorphose VI”)
and general chair of the Metamaterials Congresses from 2007 to 2013. He is a fellow/member of many scientific associations such as
IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) organization, 501(c)(3) public charity professional organization for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and other related disciplines. The IEEE ...
,
URSI The International Union of Radio Science (abbreviated ''URSI'', after its French name, ) is one of 26 international scientific unions affiliated to the International Council for Science (ICSU). History and objectives URSI was officially crea ...

the Electromagnetics Academy
and OSA. He is also an
Honorary Doctor An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hono ...
of
Francisk Skorina Gomel State University Francisk Skorina Gomel State University (; ) is a medium-sized university situated in Gomel, Belarus. It was opened in 1930. General Information Francisk Skorina Gomel State University consists of 12 faculties. Students are admitted on the ba ...
.


Education

Sergei Tretyakov has received the
Engineer's degree An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering which is conferred in Europe, some countries of Asia and Latin America, North Africa and a few institutions in the United States. The degree may require a thesis but always require ...
and the Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree in
radiophysics Radiophysics (also modern writing radio physics) is a branch of physics focused on the theoretical and experimental study of certain kinds of radiation, its emission, propagation and interaction with matter. The term is used in the following maj ...
from the
Leningrad Polytechnic Institute Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, abbreviated as SPbPU, is a public technical university located in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Over the decades, it established itself as a cornerstone of technical education and research, ulti ...
,
USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
in 1980 and 1987, respectively. In 1994 he was granted a Docent Diploma by the
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
of
Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
and in the following year he received Doctor of Sciences degree from St. Petersburg State Technical University, Russia. Tretyakov obtained his Full Professor Diploma in 1997 granted by the
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
.


Career

Professional career of Sergei Tretyakov started in 1980 at Radiophysics Department of
Leningrad Polytechnic Institute Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, abbreviated as SPbPU, is a public technical university located in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Over the decades, it established itself as a cornerstone of technical education and research, ulti ...
, where he had been an engineer and
junior researcher Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to c ...
until 1986. In 1986 he was promoted to the position of
assistant professor Assistant professor is an academic rank just below the rank of an associate professor used in universities or colleges, mainly in the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. Overview This position is generally taken after earning a doct ...
and in 1989 to the position of
associate professor Associate professor is an academic title with two principal meanings: in the North American system and that of the ''Commonwealth system''. In the ''North American system'', used in the United States and many other countries, it is a position ...
. In October 1988, Tretyakov had a 10-months-long research visit to
Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...
(from 2010,
Aalto University Aalto University (; ) is a public university, public research university located in Espoo, Finland. It was established in 2010 as a merger of three major Finnish universities: the Helsinki University of Technology, the Helsinki School of Economic ...
) according to the exchange program between the Ministries of Education in Finland and Soviet Union. During following 8 years, Tretyakov was affiliated with both Electromagnetics Laboratory of
Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...
where he worked with Ismo Lindell and Ari Sihvola and St. Petersburg State Technical University where he worked with Constantin Simovski. Tretyakov visited
CEA Cesta CEA-Cesta or simply Cesta (; ) is a research facility that is part of the (DAM) of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), dedicated to the design of nuclear weapons. The center was established in 1965 on the '' commune'' of Le Barp between B ...
(
French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, or CEA ( French: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), is a French public government-funded research organisation in the areas of energy, defense and sec ...
research centre), also affiliated with the Laboratory of Wave-Material Interactions in
University of Bordeaux The University of Bordeaux (, ) is a public research university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It has several campuses in the cities and towns of Bordeaux, Dax, Gradignan, Périgueux, Pessac, and Talence. There are al ...
, for 6 months in 1994 as a visiting scientist. In 1996, he was promoted to
full professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a 'person who professes'. Professors ...
position in St. Petersburg State Technical University, where he also became a director of Complex Media Electromagnetics Laboratory. From January 1999 until July 2000 Tretyakov was a visiting professor in Electromagnetics Laboratory of
Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...
and in August 2000, he moved to the
Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...
as a full professor of Radio Engineering. Later on, as a visiting professor, he visited th
Abbe Center of Photonics
in
Friedrich Schiller University Jena The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (, abbreviated FSU, shortened form ''Uni Jena''), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. The university was established in 1558 and is cou ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
during June – July 2013, and th
Department of Photonics Engineering
in
Technical University of Denmark The Technical University of Denmark (), often simply referred to as DTU, is a polytechnic university and school of engineering. It was founded in 1829 at the initiative of Hans Christian Ørsted as Denmark's first polytechnic, and it is today ran ...
during January - April 2013. He educated 13 doctors of science.


Research

Tretyakov has authored or co-authored more than 280 papers in refereed journals, 5 books, and 17 book chapters. Tretyakov's research career started with his
diploma thesis A thesis (: theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: D ...
under supervision of Prof. V.A. Rozov. The thesis was devoted to the problem of diffraction at an edge of dense planar arrays of metal wires, what is now referred as metasurfaces or two-dimensional
metamaterial A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά ''meta'', meaning "beyond" or "after", and the Latin word ''materia'', meaning "matter" or "material") is a type of material engineered to have a property, typically rarely observed in naturally occu ...
s. During the
doctoral studies A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...
, Tretyakov worked on ferrite-based anisotropic layered structures under supervision of Prof. M.I. Kontorovich. The first research visit to
Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...
profoundly influenced his research interest, shifting it towards a novel and very promising direction of complex electromagnetic materials (now called
metamaterial A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά ''meta'', meaning "beyond" or "after", and the Latin word ''materia'', meaning "matter" or "material") is a type of material engineered to have a property, typically rarely observed in naturally occu ...
s). From this time forth Tretyakov actively works in this research direction with the main contributions listed below.


Electromagnetics of chiral and general bianisotropic media

Tretyakov made important contributions to research of bianisotropic media. Together with co-authors, he developed the general theory of electromagnetic waves interactions with bianisotropic materials and layers. Moreover, Tretyakov proposed and experimentally characterized first non-reciprocal bianisotropic scatterers of two types: so-called Tellegen scatterer (named after
Bernard D. H. Tellegen Bernard D.H. Tellegen (24 June 1900 – 30 August 1990) was a Dutch electrical engineer and inventor of the pentode and the gyrator. He is also known for a theorem in circuit theory, Tellegen's theorem. He obtained a master's degree in electric ...
who suggested
gyrator A gyrator is a passivity (engineering), passive, Linear circuit, linear, lossless, two-port network, two-port electrical lumped-element model, network element proposed in 1948 by Bernard D. H. Tellegen as a hypothetical fifth linear element after t ...
as a circuit element with equivalent electromagnetic response) and artificial "moving" scatterer (a composite based on such scatterers emulate response of a truly moving medium). In 1997, Tretyakov and his colleagues demonstrated that chiral effects (
optical rotation Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials. Circul ...
and
circular dichroism Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circular polarization, circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand ci ...
) can be achieved even with an infinitely thin composite layer without broken mirror symmetry. This effect was subsequently named as
planar chirality Planar chirality, also known as 2D chirality, is the special case of chirality for two dimensions. Most fundamentally, planar chirality is a mathematical term, finding use in chemistry, physics and related physical sciences, for example, in astrono ...
and independently discovered by the team of Nikolay I. Zheludev in 2003.


Chiral nihility and negative refractive index

Possibility of existence of a backward wave medium, where electromagnetic waves propagate with anti-parallel
phase Phase or phases may refer to: Science *State of matter, or phase, one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist *Phase (matter), a region of space throughout which all physical properties are essentially uniform *Phase space, a mathematica ...
and
group A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people * Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity * Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic iden ...
velocities, was suggested by several scientists throughout the twentieth century:
Arthur Schuster Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (12 September 1851 – 14 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics. S ...
,
Horace Lamb Sir Horace Lamb (27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934R. B. Potts,, '' Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Volume 5, MUP, 1974, pp 54–55. Retrieved 5 Sep 2009) was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on ...
,
Leonid Mandelstam Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam or Mandelshtam ( rus, Леонид Исаакович Мандельштам, p=lʲɪɐˈnʲit ɨsɐˈakəvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam, a=Ru-Leonid_Mandelstam.ogg, links=y; 4 May 1879 – 27 November 1944) was a So ...
,
Victor Veselago Victor Georgievich Veselago (; 13 June 1929 – 15 September 2018)David R. Smith experimentally demonstrated first
negative-index metamaterial Negative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range. NIMs are constructed of periodic basic parts called unit cells, w ...
. In 2003, Tretyakov and colleagues suggested an alternative way to achieve backward waves by using bianisotropic
chiral Chirality () is a property of asymmetry important in several branches of science. The word ''chirality'' is derived from the Greek language, Greek (''kheir''), "hand", a familiar chiral object. An object or a system is ''chiral'' if it is dist ...
materials. In this case, it is not required to engineer negative
permittivity In electromagnetism, the absolute permittivity, often simply called permittivity and denoted by the Greek letter (epsilon), is a measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material. A material with high permittivity polarizes more ...
and permeability, instead, one should just ensure proper chiral response of the material. In the extreme case of so-called chiral nihility (when both relative permittivity and permeability are much smaller than the chirality parameter), two eigenwaves represent "forward" and "backward"
circularly polarized In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to th ...
waves with equal phase velocities. The existence of backward waves in chiral media was independently suggested by
John Pendry Sir John Brian Pendry, (born 4 July 1943) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into metamaterials and creation of the first practical "Invisibility, Invisibility Cloak". He is a professor of theoretical solid state physics ...
in 2004.


Broadband cloaking of cylindrical objects

Inspired by the idea of transformation-optics based electromagnetic cloaking, Tretyakov's team developed an alternative realization of the same effect for cylindrical objects. In contrast to the previous designs, Tretyakov's cloaking device exhibits significantly increased
bandwidth Bandwidth commonly refers to: * Bandwidth (signal processing) or ''analog bandwidth'', ''frequency bandwidth'', or ''radio bandwidth'', a measure of the width of a frequency range * Bandwidth (computing), the rate of data transfer, bit rate or thr ...
and lower amount of dissipation loss. Moreover, it does not require the use of exotic
metamaterials A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά ''meta'', meaning "beyond" or "after", and the Latin word ''materia'', meaning "matter" or "material") is a type of material engineered to have a property, typically rarely observed in naturally occur ...
with gradient permittivity and permeability, but, instead, is based on conducting plates with a simple geometry.


Strong spatial dispersion in wire media

In 2003, Tretyakov's group demonstrated that a dense array of metal wires ( wire medium), generally, exhibits strong nonlocal response ( spatial dispersion), i.e. cannot be described by usual material parameters such as permittivity. The property of strong spatial dispersion enables the use of wire media for
subwavelength imaging A superlens, or super lens, is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit. The diffraction limit is a feature of conventional lenses and microscopes that limits the fineness of their resolution depending on the illumination ...
and transmission of images over long distances.


Superlensing

The concept of the
superlens A superlens, or super lens, is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit. The diffraction limit is a feature of conventional lenses and microscopes that limits the fineness of their resolution depending on the illumination ...
, introduced by
John Pendry Sir John Brian Pendry, (born 4 July 1943) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into metamaterials and creation of the first practical "Invisibility, Invisibility Cloak". He is a professor of theoretical solid state physics ...
in 2000 as an extension of the work done by
Victor Veselago Victor Georgievich Veselago (; 13 June 1929 – 15 September 2018)metamaterial A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά ''meta'', meaning "beyond" or "after", and the Latin word ''materia'', meaning "matter" or "material") is a type of material engineered to have a property, typically rarely observed in naturally occu ...
s are realized as lattices whose periodicity is assumed to be much smaller than the wavelength. However, it is important that, though small, the periodicity is not negligible with respect to the wavelength. For this reason, if one formally introduces constitutive parameters for such regime, they will not be measurable response functions, and it will not be possible to use them for a sample of other dimensions or for a sample excited in another way. In other words, such formally introduced material parameters cannot satisfy the conditions of locality. In 2007, Tretyakov and colleagues explained the physical meaning of calculated material parameters, different from the meaning of the local constitutive parameters


High-impedance surfaces and metasurfaces

High Impedance Surfaces (HIS), also known as Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC), are artificial structures designed by applying special textures to a conducting surface. In a narrow band of frequencies, these structures have very high impendences which can be used as ground planes for novel low profile antennas and other electromagnetic structures. In 2008, Tretyakov and colleagues developed analytical formulas for the calculation of the grid impedance of electrically dense arrays of strips and square patches and their applications for HIS. Tretyakov also made an important contribution to clarify the role of spatial dispersion in the mushroom structure in 2009. This work demonstrated that, under some conditions, spatial dispersion is suppressed. More recently, he worked on modelling and applications of thin composite layers with engineered electromagnetic properties ( metasurfaces), in particular, developing approaches to full control of reflected and transmitted waves.


Awards and recognition

* Honorable Doctor,
Francisk Skorina Gomel State University Francisk Skorina Gomel State University (; ) is a medium-sized university situated in Gomel, Belarus. It was opened in 1930. General Information Francisk Skorina Gomel State University consists of 12 faculties. Students are admitted on the ba ...
(Belarus) * President
European Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials (”Metamorphose VI”)
International Association of European universities, 2007 – 2013 * General chair
International Congress Series on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics
(Metamaterials), 2007-2013 * Founder and Chairman, St. Petersburg IEEE ED/MTT/AP Chapter, 1995-1998 * Deputy Member, URSI (International Union of Radio Science) Finnish National Committee, from 2006; Individual member of URSI since 2018 * Coordinator, FP6 Network of Excellence Metamorphose, 2004-2008 * Fellow, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) * Fellow, th
Electromagnetics Academy
(USA) * Senior member, Optical Society of America (OSA) * Member
European Microwave Association
* Member
Finnish Academy of Technical Sciences (Teknillisten Tieteiden Akatemia)
* Member, Tenure-track Committee,
Aalto University Aalto University (; ) is a public university, public research university located in Espoo, Finland. It was established in 2010 as a merger of three major Finnish universities: the Helsinki University of Technology, the Helsinki School of Economic ...
School of Electrical Engineering, since 2011 * Member, Expert Advisory Group for Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies (European Commission, 7th Framework Programme), 2007 – 2011 * Member, European Microwave Conferences Management Committee, 2000-2002 * Steering Committee Member
European Doctoral Degree Programmes on Metamaterials EUPROMETA


Important monographs

* "Analytical Modeling in Applied Electromagnetics" * "Electromagnetics of bi-anisotropic materials: Theory and applications" * "Modern Electromagnetic Scattering Theory with Applications" * "Electromagnetic waves in chiral and bi-isotropic media"


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tretyakov, Sergei Metamaterials scientists Living people 1956 births Engineers from Saint Petersburg Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni Academic staff of Aalto University Finnish scientists Fellows of the IEEE Finnish people of Russian descent Naturalized citizens of Finland Russian-speaking Finns