The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science fiction: Science fiction – a genre of

fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditi ...

dealing with the impact of imagined innovations in science or technology, often in a futuristic setting. Exploring the consequences of such innovations is the traditional purpose of science fiction, making it a "literature of ideas".

What is science fiction?

* Definitions of science fiction: Science fiction includes such a wide range of themes and subgenres that it is notoriously difficult to define. Accordingly, there have been many definitions offered. Another challenge is that there is disagreement over where to draw the boundaries between science fiction and related genres. Science fiction is a type of: *

Fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditi ...

– form of narrative which deals, in part or in whole, with events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary and invented by its author(s). Although fiction often describes a major branch of literary work, it is also applied to theatrical, cinematic, and musical work. ** Genre fiction – fictional works (novels, short stories) written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. Also known as popular fiction. **

Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is a term that has been used with a variety of (sometimes contradictory) meanings. The broadest interpretation is as a category of fiction encompassing genres with elements that do not exist in reality, recorded history, na ...

* Genre – science fiction is a genre of fiction.

Genres

Science fiction genre – while science fiction is a genre of fiction, a science fiction genre is a subgenre within science fiction. Science fiction may be divided along any number of overlapping axes. Gary K. Wolfe's ''Critical Terms for Science Fiction and Fantasy'' identifies over 30 subdivisions of science fiction, not including

science fantasy Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scientif ...

(which is a mixed genre).

Science

Genres concerning the emphasis, accuracy, and type of science described include: * Hard science fiction—a particular emphasis on scientific detail and/or accuracy. * Mundane science fiction—a subgenre of hard sci-fi which sets stories on Earth or the Solar System using current or plausible technology. * Soft science fiction—focus on human characters and their relations and feelings, often exploring psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science, while de-emphasizing the details of technological hardware and physical laws. In some cases, science and technology are depicted without much concern for accuracy.

Characteristics

Themes related to science, technology, space and the future, as well as characteristic plots or settings include: * Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic science fiction * Biopunk — centered around biotechnology and

genetic engineering Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including t ...

in general, biopunk uses some both (post)cyberpunk elements and post-modernist prose to describe a typically dystopian world of biohackers, man-made viruses, mutations, designer babies, artificial life forms, bio-genetic engineered human-animal hybrids and bio-genetically manipulated humans. * Cyberpunk — uses elements from the hard-boiled detective novel, film noir, Japanese anime, and post-modernist prose to describe the nihilistic, underground side of a cybernetic society * Climate fiction — emphasizes effects of anthropogenic climate change and global warming at the end of the Holocene era * Dying Earth science fiction * Military science fiction *

Steampunk Steampunk is a subgenre of science fiction that incorporates retrofuturistic technology and aesthetics inspired by 19th-century industrial steam-powered machinery. Steampunk works are often set in an alternative history of the Victorian era or ...

— denotes works set in (or strongly inspired by) an era when steam power was still widely used — usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian England — though with otherwise high technology or other science fiction elements * Time travel * Space colonization *

Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare, with use of melodramatic, risk-taking space adventures, relationships, and chivalric romance. Set mainly or entirely in outer space, it features technological and soci ...

— emphasizes romantic adventure, exotic settings, and larger-than-life characters * Social science fiction — concerned less with technology and more with sociological speculation about human society * Mundane science fiction

Movements

Genres concerning politics, philosophy, and identity movements include: *

Christian science fiction Christian science fiction is a subgenre of both Christian literature and science fiction, in which there are strong Christian themes, or which are written from a Christian point of view.Mort (2002) These themes may be subtle, expressed by way of an ...

* Feminist science fiction * Gay/lesbian science fiction * Libertarian science fiction

Eras

Genres concerning the historical era of creation and publication include: * Scientific romance — an archaic name for what is now known as the science fiction genre, mostly associated with the early science fiction of the United Kingdom. * Pulp science fiction * Golden Age of Science Fiction — a period of the 1940s during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published. * New Wave science fiction — characterised by a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content. * Cyberpunk — noted for its focus on "high tech, low life" and taking its name from the combination of cybernetics and punk.

Combinations

Genres that combine two different fiction genres or use a different fiction genre's mood or style include: *

Alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, altern ...

science fiction—fiction set in a world in which history has diverged from history as it is generally known * Comic science fiction * Science fiction erotica * Adventure science fiction—science fiction adventure is similar to many genres * Gothic science fiction—a subgenre of science fiction that involves

gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

conventions * New Wave science fiction—characterized by a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content *

Science fantasy Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scientif ...

—a mixed genre of story which contains some science fiction and some fantasy elements *

Science fiction opera Science fiction opera is a subgenre of science fiction. It refers to operas whose subject-matter fits in the science fiction genre. Like science-fiction literature, science-fiction operas may be set in the future and involve spaceflight or alien ...

—a mixture of opera and science fiction involving empathic themes *

Science fiction romance Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence ...

—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and romance genres *

Science fiction mystery Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence fo ...

—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and mystery genres, encompassing Occult detective fiction and science fiction detectives * Science fiction Western—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and Western genres * Space Western—a subgenre of science fiction that transposes themes of American Western books and film to a backdrop of futuristic space frontiers. * Spy-fi a subgenre of

spy fiction Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligen ...

that includes some science fiction.

Related genres

* Fantasy *

Mystery fiction Mystery is a genre fiction, fiction genre where the nature of an event, usually a murder or other crime, remains wiktionary:mysterious, mysterious until the end of the story. Often within a closed circle of suspects, each suspect is usually prov ...

* Horror fiction * Slipstream fiction * Utopian and dystopian fiction *

Superhero fiction Superhero fiction is a genre of speculative fiction examining the adventure fiction, adventures, personalities and ethics of costumed crime fighters known as superheroes, who often possess Superpower (ability), superhuman powers and battle simil ...

By country

Australian science fiction Australia, unlike Europe, does not have a long history in the genre of science fiction. Nevil Shute's '' On the Beach'', published in 1957, and filmed in 1959, was perhaps the first notable international success. Though not born in Australia, Sh ...

* Bengali science fiction *

Canadian science fiction A strong element in contemporary Canadian culture is rich, diverse, thoughtful and witty science fiction. History of Canadian science fiction Possibly the first recorded Canadian work of science fiction is the 1896 '' Tisab Ting, or, The Electrical ...

* Chilean science fiction * Chinese science fiction *

Croatian science fiction Croatian science fiction comprises books and films in the fiction genre produced all across Croatia. Authors * Ivo Brešan * Zoran Krušvar * Darko Macan * Krešimir Mišak * Dalibor Perković * Milan Šufflay * Aleksandar Žiljak * Martina ...

* Czech science fiction *

Estonian science fiction Science fiction and fantasy in Estonia is largely a product of the current post-Soviet era. Although somewhat earlier authors, like Eiv Eloon and , do exist. Eesti Ulmeühing is an organization for print science fiction in Estonia that awards an ...

* French science fiction * Japanese science fiction *

Norwegian science fiction Science fiction literature was established in Norway in the mid-1960s, mainly by Jon Bing and Tor Åge Bringsværd. They dominated the genre, started a society for science fiction fans, and reached relatively high public interest until the late 1970 ...

* Polish science fiction * Romanian science fiction * Russian science fiction *

Serbian science fiction Science fiction and fantasy in the Serbia has a long and varied history. History As far back as the end of the 18th century, science fiction elements can be found in Serbian literature, but its modern period foundation is considered to commence ...

Spanish science fiction Science fiction in Spanish-language literature has its roots in authors such as Antonio de Guevara with ''The Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius'' (1527), Miguel de Cervantes in ''Don Quixote'', Anastasio Pantaleón de Ribera's ''Vejamen de la luna'' ...

History

* History of science fiction films

Elements and themes

Character elements

* List of stock characters in science fiction * Extraterrestrials in fiction

Plot elements

Plot devices

* Hyperspace

Setting elements

The setting is the environment in which the story takes place. Alien settings require authors to do worldbuilding to create a fictional planet and geography. Elements of setting may include culture (and its technologies), period (including the future), place (geography/astronomy), nature (physical laws, etc.), and hour. Setting elements characteristic of science fiction include:

Place

* Parallel universes * Planets in science fiction * Hyperspace * Slipstream * Earth in science fiction

Cultural setting elements

* Political ideas in science fiction ** Utopian and dystopian fiction ** World government in science fiction ** World government in fiction * Religious ideas in science fiction ** List of religious ideas in science fiction * Religion in speculative fiction * Xenology

Sex and gender

Gender in science fiction Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures ...

* Sex in science fiction ** Pregnancy in science fiction ** LGBT themes in speculative fiction

= Technology

= * Computer technology ** Artificial intelligence in fiction ** List of fictional computers ** Mind uploading in fiction * Transportation ** Flying car (aircraft) ** Space dock *

Weapons in science fiction Strange and exotic weapons are a recurring feature in science fiction. In some cases, weapons first introduced in science fiction have been made a reality; other science-fiction weapons remain purely fictional, and are often beyond the realms o ...

* Resizing * Simulated reality in fiction *

Space warfare in fiction Science fictional space warfare is main theme and central sub-genre of science fiction that can trace its roots back to classical times, and to the "future war" novels of the 19th century. With the Modern Age, directly with franchises as ''Star Wa ...

Themes

First contact First contact may refer to: *First contact (astronomy), the moment in astronomical transit when the apparent positions of the two bodies first touch *First contact (anthropology), the first meeting of two cultures previously unaware of one another ...

Style elements

Works

Art

* List of science fiction and fantasy artists ** Science fiction comics

Games

Computer games

Role-playing games

Literature

* Science fiction comics * Speculative poetry

Video

Science fiction film Science fiction (or sci-fi) is a film genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar ...

* Science fiction on television ** List of science fiction television programs *** List of science fiction sitcoms **

U.S. television science fiction U.S. television science fiction is a popular genre of television in the United States that has produced many of the best-known and most popular science fiction shows in the world. Most famous of all, and one of the most influential science-ficti ...

** British television science fiction

Radio

* Science fiction radio programs

Information sources

Baen Free Library The Baen Free Library is a digital library of the science fiction and fantasy publishing house Baen Books where 61 e-books as of June 2016 (112 e-books as of December 2008) can be downloaded free in a number of formats, without copy protection. It ...

* Internet Speculative Fiction DataBase * Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America *'' The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction''

In academia

* Science fiction studies ** New Wave science fiction **

Science in science fiction Science in science fiction is the study or analysis of how science is portrayed in works of science fiction, including novels, stories, and films. It covers a large range of topics, since science takes on many roles in science fiction. Hard scienc ...

***

Materials science in science fiction Materials science in science fiction is the study of how materials science is portrayed in works of science fiction. The accuracy of the materials science portrayed spans a wide range – sometimes it is an extrapolation of existing technology, so ...

* Science fiction and fantasy journals * Science fiction libraries and museums

Subculture

* Science fiction conventions ** List of science fiction conventions ** List of fan conventions by date of founding * Science fiction fandom ** Science fiction fanzine * Science fiction organizations

Awards

The science fiction genre has a number of recognition awards for

authors An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...

, editors, and illustrators. Awards are usually granted annually.

International awards

Major awards given in chronological order:

Nationality-specific awards

;Australian * Aurealis Award—

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

n * Chandler Award—for contributions to

n Science fiction * Ditmar Award—for SF by Australians ;British * Kitschies—for speculative fiction novels published in the UK ;Canadian *

Constellation Awards The Constellation Awards were a set of Canadian awards given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The event was founded in 2007. Constellation Awards are the only Canadian sci-fi award wher ...

—for the best SF/fantasy film or television works released in Canada * Prix Aurora Awards—for Canadian science fiction *

Sunburst Award The Sunburst Award for Canadian Literature of the Fantastic is an annual award given for a speculative fiction novel or a book-length collection. History The name of the award comes from the title of the first novel by Phyllis Gotlieb, ''Sunburst' ...

— Juried award for Canadian science fiction ;Chinese * The Galaxy Awards ''(银河奖)''—given by magazine '' Science Fiction World'' for Chinese SF&F ;Croatian * SFERA Award—given by SFera, a Croatian SF society ;Dutch *

Paul Harland Prize The Paul Harland Prize is the oldest annual award for original Dutch short science fiction, fantasy or horror stories. It is named after Dutch science fiction author Paul Harland, who died in 2003. This award is for short stories and novelettes ...

—for Dutch SF ;Estonian * Stalker Award—for the best Estonian SF novel, given out on Estcon by Eesti Ulmeühing, the Estonian SF society. ;Finnish * Tähtivaeltaja Award—for the best SF novel released in Finland ;French * Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire— France since 1974 * Prix Jules-Verne—France 1927–1933 and 1958–1963 * Prix Tour-Apollo Award— France 1972-1990 ;German * Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis— German SF award ;Israeli * Geffen Award ''(פרס גפן)''— Israel since 1999 ;Italian * Premio Urania—for Italian SF ;Japanese * Nihon SF Taisho Award (日本SF大賞)—

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

since 1980 ;New Zealander * Sir Julius Vogel Award—for SF by New Zealanders ;Pacific Northwestern * Endeavour Award—for SF by Pacific Northwest author ;Polish * Janusz A. Zajdel Award—award of Polish fandom *

Nautilus Award Nautilus Award was a Polish science fiction and fantasy award created by Robert J. Szmidt of the ''Science Fiction magazine''. The award is named after the cephalopods of that name (nautilus The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of t ...

— Polish award ;Romanian *SRSFF Award—România ;Russian *Big Roscon award for outstanding contribution to science fiction ;Turkish * TBD Science Fiction Story Award—Turkey

Themed awards

(Chronological) * Prometheus Award—best libertarian SF—since 1979 * Lambda Literary Award—since 1988 * Tiptree Award—since 1991 *

Golden Duck Awards The Golden Duck Awards for Excellence in Children's Science Fiction were given annually from 1992 to 2017. The awards were presented every year at either Worldcon or the North American Science Fiction Convention (NASFiC). In 2018 they were repla ...

—best children's SF—1992-2017 * Sidewise Award for Alternate History—since 1995 * Gaylactic Spectrum Awards—since 1999 *Emperor Norton Award—San Francisco—2003-2011 *

Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards The Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards was a literary award for science fiction and fantasy works translated into English. The first award was presented in 2011 for works published in 2010.Compton Crook Award The Compton Crook Award is presented to the best English language first novel of the year in the field of science fiction, fantasy, or horror by the members of the Baltimore Science Fiction Society at their annual science fiction convention, Baltic ...

—for best first novel *

Jack Gaughan Award The Jack Gaughan Award for Best Emerging Artist is an American award honoring the memory of illustrator Jack Gaughan. Because the latter felt it was important to encourage and recognize new blood in the field, the New England Science Fiction Assoc ...

—for best emerging artist * John W. Campbell Award—for best new writer * Writers of the Future—contest for new authors

Career awards

* Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award—associated with the Nebula

Influential people

Creators

Artists

* List of science fiction and fantasy artists

Filmmakers

Authors and editors

* List of science fiction authors **

Women science fiction authors The role of women in speculative fiction has changed a great deal since the early to mid-20th century. There are several aspects to women's roles, including their participation as authors of speculative fiction and their role in science fiction ...

* List of science fiction editors

Science fiction scholars

* Brian Aldiss *

Isaac Asimov yi, יצחק אזימאװ , birth_date = , birth_place = Petrovichi, Russian SFSR , spouse = , relatives = , children = 2 , death_date = , death_place = Manhattan, New York City, U.S. , nationality = Russian (1920–1922)Soviet (192 ...

—'' Asimov on Science Fiction'' *

Brian Attebery Brian Attebery (born December 1951) is an American writer and emeritus professor of English and philosophy at Idaho State University. He is known for his studies of fantasy literature, including ''The Fantasy Tradition in American Literature: ...

* Everett F. Bleiler * John W. Campbell *

John Clute John Frederick Clute (born 12 September 1940) is a Canadian-born author and critic specializing in science fiction and fantasy literature who has lived in both England and the United States since 1969. He has been described as "an integral part o ...

—co-editor of '' The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (with Peter Nicholls) * Samuel R. Delany * Hugo Gernsback—founder of the pioneering science fiction magazine '' Amazing Stories'', and the person who the

Hugo Award The Hugo Award is an annual literary award for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year, given at the World Science Fiction Convention and chosen by its members. The Hugo is widely considered the premier a ...

s are named after. * David Hartwell * Larry McCaffery * Judith Merril * Sam Moskowitz * Peter Nicholls—co-editor of '' The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (with John Clute) *

Alexei Panshin Alexei Panshin (August 14, 1940 – August 21, 2022) was an American writer and science fiction critic. He wrote several critical works and several novels, including the 1968 Nebula Award–winning novel ''Rite of Passage''Nicholls 1979, p. 447 ...

* David Pringle—editor of '' Foundation'' and '' Interzone''; author of '' Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels'' * Andrew Sawyer * Dorothy Scarborough * Brian Stableford * Darko Suvin *

Gary K. Wolfe Gary K. Wolfe (born Gary Kent Wolfe in 1946) is an American science fiction editor, critic and biographer. He is an emeritus Professor of Humanities in Roosevelt University's Evelyn T. Stone College of Professional Studies. Life Wolfe was ...

Franchises

SWCA - From Droid Builder's Club Room (17016704829)

There are a number of science fiction

media franchise A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program or ...

s of this type, typically encompassing media such as cinema films, TV shows, toys, and even theme parks related to the content. The highest-grossing science fiction franchise is ''

Star Wars ''Star Wars'' is an American epic film, epic space opera multimedia franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the Star Wars (film), eponymous 1977 film and quickly became a worldwide popular culture, pop-culture Cultural impact of S ...

''. Space science fiction franchises: * '' Alien'' (6 films since 1979 and 2 Alien vs Predator films since 2004) * '' Babylon 5'' (2 television series, 7 TV movies since 1993) * ''

Battlestar Galactica ''Battlestar Galactica'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. Larson. The franchise began with the Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series), original television series in 1978, and was followed by a short-run sequel se ...

'' (5 television series and two TV movies since 1979) * ''

Doctor Who ''Doctor Who'' is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963. The series depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called the Doctor, an extraterrestrial being who appears to be human. The Doctor explores the u ...

'' (TV series since 1963, 2 Dr. Who films since 1965, and 1 1996 television film, five spinoff TV shows (K-9 and Company, The Sarah Jane Adventures, Torchwood, K-9 and Class), video games and hundreds of books) * ''

Dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, f ...

'' (23 novels since 1965, 1 film in 1984, 3 comics since 1984, 2 TV series since 2000, 1 film in 2021) * '' Godzilla'' (36 films since 1954 and 3 TV series since 1978) * '' Halo'' (since 2001, started from video game) * ''

The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' (sometimes referred to as ''HG2G'', ''HHGTTG'', ''H2G2'', or ''tHGttG'') is a comic science fiction, comedy science fiction franchise created by Douglas Adams. Originally The Hitchhiker's Guide to th ...

'' (1 film, 1 tv series, 1 game, 4 stage shows, 3 radio programs since 1978, 6 novels) * ''

Independence Day An independence day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state, or more rarely after the end of a military occupation. Man ...

'' (2 films since 1996) * '' Legend of the Galactic Heroes'' (2 novel series since 1983 and 3 anime OVA series since 1988) * '' Macross'' (4 anime TV series since 1982, 6 anime films since 1984, 3

manga Manga (Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term ''manga'' is u ...

series since 1994) * '' Mass Effect'' (since 2007, started from video game) * '' Men in Black'' (4 films since 1997 and animated TV series) * ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' (21 anime TV series since 1979, 7 anime films since 1988, successful model kits since 1980) * ''

Neon Genesis Evangelion , also known simply as ''Evangelion'' or ''Eva'', is a Japanese mecha anime television series produced by Gainax and animated by Tatsunoko, directed by Hideaki Anno and broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 1995 to March 1996. ''Evangelion' ...

'' (1 anime TV series since 1995 and 5 anime films since 1997) * '' Planet of the Apes'' (9 films and 1 TV series since 1968) * '' Predator'' (5 films since 1987 and 2 Alien vs Predator films since 2004) * '' Robotech'' (1 anime TV series and 5 anime films since 1985) * '' Space Battleship Yamato'' (5 anime TV series since 1974 and 7 anime films since 1977) * '' Space Odyssey'' (2 short stories since 1954, 2 films since 1968, 4 novels since 1968, 1 1972 book) * ''

Star Trek ''Star Trek'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Gene Roddenberry, which began with the eponymous 1960s television series and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon. The franchise has expanded into vari ...

'' (7 live-action TV series since 1966, 3 animated TV series, 13 Theatrical films: 6 Original Series films since 1979, 4 Next Generation films since 1994 and 3 reboot films since 2009) * ''

'' (9 episodic "Saga" films since 1977, 1 1978 TV film, 2 Ewok films since 1985, 1 2008 ''The Clone Wars'' film, 2 "Anthology" films since 2016, 3 canon animated TV series since 2008, 1 canon live-action TV series since 2019, 3 '' Legends'' TV series since 1985) * ''

Stargate ''Stargate'' (often stylized in all caps) is a military science fiction media franchise based on the Stargate (film), film directed by Roland Emmerich, which he co-wrote with producer Dean Devlin. The franchise is based on the idea of an alien E ...

'' (4 TV series and three theater film since 1994) *''The Expanse'' ( 8 novels and 1 television series since 2011) * '' Transformers'' (28 TV series since 1984, 4 animated films since 1986, 5 live action films since 2007, started from toy line) * '' Ultra Series'' (34 TV series since 1966 and 29 films since 1967) * '' The War of the Worlds'' (half a dozen feature films, radio dramas, a record album, various comic book adaptations, a number of television series, and sequels or parallel stories by other authors since 1897)

References

External links

Science Fiction (Bookshelf)
at Project Gutenberg
SF Hub
��resources for science-fiction research, created by the University of Liverpool Library
Science fiction fanzines (current and historical) online

Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America
��their "Suggested Reading" page
Science Fiction Museum & Hall of Fame

Science Fiction Research Association

Science Fiction at the Internet Archive
*
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. *
Жанры — рубрика журнала «Мир фантастики»
*

* ttp://fantlab.ru/bygenre Жанры фантастики на Фантлабе.* ttp://www.fantasy.ru/fz/class.htm Классификация фантастики на сайте «Фэнта Зиландия». {{DEFAULTSORT:Science Fiction Science fiction Science fiction 1 Science fiction outline Science fiction themes Science fiction genres