rhetoric Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. It is one of the three ancient arts of discourse ( trivium) along with grammar and logic/ dialectic. As an academic discipline within the humanities, rhetoric aims to study the techniques that speakers or w ...

, a scheme is a type of

figure of speech A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from straightforward language use or Denotation, literal meaning to produce a rhetorical or intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, et ...

that relies on the structure of the sentence, unlike the trope, which plays with the meanings of words. (Scheme, in poetry end rhetorics) A single phrase may involve both a trope and a scheme, e.g., may use both

alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of syllable-initial consonant sounds between nearby words, or of syllable-initial vowels if the syllables in question do not start with a consonant. It is often used as a literary device. A common example is " Pe ...

and

allegory As a List of narrative techniques, literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a wikt:narrative, narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political signi ...

Structures of balance

* Parallelism – The use of similar structures in two or more clauses ** Isocolon – Use of parallel structures of the same length in successive clauses ** Tricolon – Use of three parallel structures of the same length in independent clauses and of increasing power *

Antithesis Antithesis (: antitheses; Greek for "setting opposite", from "against" and "placing") is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when two opposites are introd ...

– The juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas * Climax – The arrangement of words in order of increasing importance

Changes in word order

* Anastrophe – Inversion of the usual word order *

Parenthesis A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their n ...

– Insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence *

Apposition Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side so one element identifies the other in a different way. The two elements are said to be ''in apposition'', and the element identifyi ...

– The placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first

Omission

Ellipsis The ellipsis (, plural ellipses; from , , ), rendered , alternatively described as suspension points/dots, points/periods of ellipsis, or ellipsis points, or colloquially, dot-dot-dot,. According to Toner it is difficult to establish when t ...

– Omission of words *

Asyndeton Asyndeton (, ; from the , sometimes called asyndetism) is a literary scheme in which one or several grammatical conjunction, conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. Examples include ''veni, vidi, vici'' and its Engl ...

– Omission of conjunctions between related clauses * Brachylogia – Omission of conjunctions between a series of words

Repetition

Alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of syllable-initial consonant sounds between nearby words, or of syllable-initial vowels if the syllables in question do not start with a consonant. It is often used as a literary device. A common example is " Pe ...

– A series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike * Anaphora – The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses *

Anadiplosis Anadiplosis ( ; , ''anadíplōsis'', "a doubling, folding up") is the repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence, often to create climax. E ...

– Repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another * Antanaclasis – Repetition of a word in two different senses *

Antimetabole In rhetoric, antimetabole ( ) is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order; for example, "I know what I like, and I like what I know". It is related to, and sometimes considered a special case of, chiasmus. An antime ...

– Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order *

Assonance Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar phonemes in words or syllables that occur close together, either in terms of their vowel phonemes (e.g., ''lean green meat'') or their consonant phonemes (e.g., ''Kip keeps capes ''). However, in ...

– The repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse *

– Lack of conjunctions *

Chiasmus In rhetoric, chiasmus ( ) or, less commonly, chiasm (Latin term from Greek , "crossing", from the Ancient Greek, Greek , , "to shape like the letter chi (letter), Χ"), is a "reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses ...

– Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses * Climax – Repetition of the scheme anadiplosis at least three times, with the elements arranged in an order of increasing importance * Epanalepsis – Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence * Epistrophe – The counterpart of anaphora * Consonance – The repetition of consonant sounds without the repetition of the vowel sounds * Polyptoton – Repetition of words derived from the same root * Polysyndeton – Repetition of conjunctions * Symploce – Combination of anaphora and epistrophe

References

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