genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
squirrelfish
Holocentrinae is a subfamily of Holocentridae containing 40 recognized species and one proposed species. Its members are typically known as squirrelfish and all are nocturnal. All three genera in the subfamily are found in the Atlantic and ''Ho ...
(family
Holocentridae
Holocentridae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only family of the order Holocentriformes. The members of the subfamily Holocentrinae are typically known as squirrelfish, while the members of Myripristinae typically are known as soldierfish.L ...
) found in tropical parts of the
Indian
Indian or Indians may refer to:
Peoples South Asia
* Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor
** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country
* South Asia ...
,
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
and
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Afr ...
s, with the greatest
species diversity
Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset). The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundan ...
near
reef
A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic component, abiotic processes—deposition (geology), deposition of ...
s in the
Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth.
In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
. Being largely or entirely
nocturnal
Nocturnality is an ethology, animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite.
Nocturnal creatures generally have ...
, they have relatively large eyes. Red and silvery colours dominate. The
preopercle
The operculum is a series of bones found in bony fish and chimaeras that serves as a facial support structure and a protective covering for the gills; it is also used for respiration and feeding.
Anatomy
The opercular series contains four bo ...
gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...
-opening) are
venomous
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a ...
and can give painful wounds.Debelius, H. 1993. ''Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide.'' Most have a maximum length of , but ''S. iota'' barely reaches , and ''S. spiniferum'' can reach more than .
Species
There are currently 33 recognized species in this genus:
* ''
Sargocentron borodinoensis
''Sargocentron borodinoensis'', the Borodino soldierfish, is a member of the genus ''Sargocentron'' found in the Western Pacific Ocean in the Philippine Sea
The Philippine Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean east of the Phil ...
Sargocentron bullisi
''Sargocentron bullisi'', more commonly known as the deepwater squirrelfish, is a nocturnal, reef-associated predator of the family Holocentridae. It is native to the West Atlantic from North Carolina, USA to southern Brazil and throughout the ...
'' (
Woods
Woods or The Woods may refer to:
Common meanings
* Woodland
* Forest
* Wood, solid material from trees or shrubs
Places United States
* Woods, Kentucky
* Woods, Oregon
* Woods, a municipality in Liberty County, Florida
* The Woods, a nei ...
, 1955) (Deep-water squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron caudimaculatum
''Sargocentron caudimaculatum'', the silverspot squirrelfish or whitetail squirrelfish, is a reef-associated member of the family Holocentridae. It is native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans from East Africa to Japan and northern Australia an ...
Sargocentron cornutum
''Sargocentron cornutum'', the threespot squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae native to the western Pacific Ocean from Indonesia to the Great Barrier Reef. It lives in coral reefs and drop-offs between depths of . It is a nocturn ...
'' (
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sargocentron coruscum
''Sargocentron coruscum'', more commonly known as the reef squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae native to the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida, USA to northern South America. It lives over sandy and rocky substrates, as well a ...
Sargocentron diadema
''Sargocentron diadema'', known commonly as the crowned squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae in the order Beryciformes. Squirrelfish in general are large, active, nocturnal fish which are usually red in color.Bailey, M. and G. ...
'' (
Lacépède Lacepede can refer to:
* Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician.
* Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia.
* Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France
* Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in ...
, 1802) (Crown squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron dorsomaculatum
''Sargocentron dorsomaculatum'', also known as the spotfin squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish found in the western Pacific Ocean near the Ryukyu Islands, Pohnpei, Kosrae, the Caroline Islands, and Palau. It lives in shallow reefs at dept ...
Sargocentron ensifer
''Sargocentron ensifer'', or the yellow-striped squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae. It is native to the Pacific Ocean from southern Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii and the Pitcairn Islands. It lives in deep reefs at depths bet ...
Sargocentron hastatum
''Sargocentron'' is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian Ocean, Indian, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species diversity near reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Being largely ...
'' (
G. Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier ...
, 1829) (Red squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron hormion
''Sargocentron hormion'' is a species of Squirrelfish belonging to the genus of Sargocentron. It is reported to have been found in Pitcairn, the Cook Islands and French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, a ...
Sargocentron inaequalis
''Sargocentron inaequalis'', the lattice squirrelfish, also known as the roundfinned squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish in the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is found in the Indian Ocean in the Chagos Archipelago, Comoro Islands, Seychelle ...
Sargocentron iota
''Sargocentron iota'', the dwarf squirrelfish, is a nocturnal benthopalegic species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indo-Pacific region. It inhabits steep outer reef slopes.
References
{{Beryci ...
Sargocentron ittodai
''Sargocentron ittodai'', the samurai squirrelfish, is a nocturnal species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region, in the Red Sea and Natal, from South Africa to the Marquesan Islands ...
Sargocentron macrosquamis
''Sargocentron macrosquamis'', the big-scale squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron
''Sargocentron'' is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian, Pacific ...
Sargocentron marisrubri
''Sargocentron marisrubri'' is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the West Indian Ocean in Egypt in the Gulf of Aqaba, also known as the Gulf of Elat, and in Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, ...
Diamant
The Diamant rocket (French for "diamond") was the first exclusively French expendable launch system and at the same time the first satellite launcher not built by either the United States or USSR. As such, it has been referred to as being a ke ...
, 1989
* ''
Sargocentron megalops
''Sargocentron megalops'' is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is endemic to Pitcairn in the Central Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. ...
Sargocentron melanospilos
''Sargocentron melanospilos'', the blackbotch squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish in the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region in the Red Sea; Zanzibar, Tanzania; from Aldabra and Seychelles to the Marshall Isl ...
'' (
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sargocentron microstoma
''Sargocentron microstoma'', the fine-lined squirrelfish, slender squirrelfish or smallmouth squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae. It has a wide range throughout the Indo-Pacific from the Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles, and the M ...
Sargocentron poco
''Sargocentron poco'', the saddle squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is found in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean from the United States to the Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands () ...
'' (
Woods
Woods or The Woods may refer to:
Common meanings
* Woodland
* Forest
* Wood, solid material from trees or shrubs
Places United States
* Woods, Kentucky
* Woods, Oregon
* Woods, a municipality in Liberty County, Florida
* The Woods, a nei ...
, 1965) (Saddle squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron praslin
''Sargocentron praslin'', the dark-striped squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean, from East Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, ...
'' (
Lacépède Lacepede can refer to:
* Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician.
* Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia.
* Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France
* Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in ...
, 1802) (Dark-striped squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron punctatissimum
''Sargocentron punctatissimum'' is a species of fish related to the squirrelfish
Holocentrinae is a subfamily of Holocentridae containing 40 recognized species and one proposed species. Its members are typically known as squirrelfish and all ...
'' (
G. Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier ...
, 1829) (Speckled squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron rubrum
''Sargocentron rubrum'', also known as redcoat, is a member of the family Holocentridae of the order Beryciformes
The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 spe ...
Sargocentron seychellense
''Sargocentron seychellense'', the yellow-tipped squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus Sargocentron. It is found in the Western Indian Ocean in Oman, the St. Brandon Shoals, Yemen in the Socotra Archipelago, Mauritius, ...
'' (
J. L. B. Smith
James Leonard Brierley Smith (26 September 1897 – 8 January 1968) was a South African ichthyology, ichthyologist, organic chemist, and university professor. He was the first to identify a taxidermied fish as a coelacanth, at the time thought ...
& M. M. Smith, 1963) (Yellow-tipped squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron shimizui
''Sargocentron shimuzui'', or Shimizu's squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of Sargocentron. It is named after ichthyologist Takeshi Shimizu. It is known from only 2 specimens that were taken with dynamite in Sulaw ...
'' J. E. Randall, 1998 (Shimizu's squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron spiniferum
''Sargocentron spiniferum'', common name sabre squirrelfish, giant squirrelfish and spiny squirrelfish, is a large Indo-Pacific species of squirrelfish belonging to the family Holocentridae.
Description
''Sargocentron spiniferum'' is the larges ...
Sargocentron spinosissimum
''Sargocentron spinosissimum'' is a species of fish in the squirrelfishes.
References
External links
*
*
spinosissimum
Fish described in 1843
{{Beryciformes-stub ...
'' (
Temminck
Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat, zoologist and museum director.
Biography
Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob Temmin ...
&
Schlegel
Schlegel is a German occupational surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anthony Schlegel (born 1981), former American football linebacker
* August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), German poet, older brother of Friedrich
* Brad Schlege ...
, 1843) (North Pacific squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron suborbitale
''Sargocentron'' is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian Ocean, Indian, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species diversity near reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Being largely ...
Sargocentron tiere
''Sargocentron tiere'' or the blue-lined squirrelfish is one species of Squirrelfish from the Indo-Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 33 cm in length.
Distribution
This fish is found around ...
'' (
G. Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier ...
, 1829) (Blue-lined squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron tiereoides
''Sargocentron tiereoides'', the pink squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, from East Africa to the Line and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu ...
'' (
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sargocentron vexillarium'' ( Poey, 1860) (Dusky squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron violaceum
''Sargocentron violaceum'', the violet squirrelfish, is a nocturnal species of squirrelfish in the genus ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean from Aldabra and the Laccadive Islands to the Society Islands, ...
'' (
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sargocentron wilhelmi'' ( F. de Buen, 1963) (Wilhelm's squirrelfish)
* ''
Sargocentron xantherythrum
''Sargocentron xantherythrum'', commonly known as Hawaiian squirrelfish or striped squirrelfish, is a member of the squirrelfish family. It is known from the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll
Johnston Atoll is an unincorporated territory ...