''Sargocentron'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of squirrelfish (family

Holocentridae Holocentridae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only family of the order Holocentriformes. The members of the subfamily Holocentrinae are typically known as squirrelfish, while the members of Myripristinae typically are known as soldierfish.L ...

) found in tropical parts of the Indian,

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

and

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Afr ...

s, with the greatest

species diversity Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset). The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundan ...

near

reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic component, abiotic processes—deposition (geology), deposition of ...

s in the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

. Being largely or entirely

nocturnal Nocturnality is an ethology, animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have ...

, they have relatively large eyes. Red and silvery colours dominate. The preopercle spines (near the

gill A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...

-opening) are

venomous Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a ...

and can give painful wounds.Debelius, H. 1993. ''Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide.'' Most have a maximum length of , but ''S. iota'' barely reaches , and ''S. spiniferum'' can reach more than .

Species

There are currently 33 recognized species in this genus: * '' Sargocentron borodinoensis'' Kotlyar, 2017Kotlyar, A.N. (2017)
Holocentridae from Borodino Submarine Elevation (Philippine Sea).
''Journal of Ichthyology, 57 (1): 37–44.'' * '' Sargocentron bullisi'' (

Woods Woods or The Woods may refer to: Common meanings * Woodland * Forest * Wood, solid material from trees or shrubs Places United States * Woods, Kentucky * Woods, Oregon * Woods, a municipality in Liberty County, Florida * The Woods, a ...

, 1955) (Deep-water squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron caudimaculatum'' ( Rüppell, 1838) (Silver-spot squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron cornutum'' ( Bleeker, 1854) (Three-spot squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron coruscum'' ( Poey, 1860) (Reef squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron diadema'' (

Lacépède Lacepede can refer to: * Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician. * Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia. * Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France * Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in t ...

, 1802) (Crown squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron dorsomaculatum'' ( Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1979) (Spot-fin squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron ensifer'' ( D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903) (Yellow-striped squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron hastatum ''Sargocentron'' is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian Ocean, Indian, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species diversity near reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Being largely ...

'' ( G. Cuvier, 1829) (Red squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron hormion'' J. E. Randall, 1998 * '' Sargocentron inaequalis'' J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1985 (Lattice squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron iota ''Sargocentron iota'', the dwarf squirrelfish, is a nocturnal benthopalegic species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indo-Pacific region. It inhabits steep outer reef slopes. References {{Beryci ...

'' J. E. Randall, 1998 (Dwarf squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron ittodai ''Sargocentron ittodai'', the samurai squirrelfish, is a nocturnal species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region, in the Red Sea and Natal, from South Africa to the Marquesan Islands ...

'' ( D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1902) (Samurai squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron lepros'' ( G. R. Allen & N. J. Cross, 1983) (Spiny squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron macrosquamis ''Sargocentron macrosquamis'', the big-scale squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron ''Sargocentron'' is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian, Pacific ...

'' Golani, 1984 (Big-scale squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron marisrubri ''Sargocentron marisrubri'' is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the West Indian Ocean in Egypt in the Gulf of Aqaba, also known as the Gulf of Elat, and in Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, ...

'' J. E. Randall, Golani &

Diamant The Diamant rocket (French for "diamond") was the first exclusively French expendable launch system and at the same time the first satellite launcher not built by either the United States or USSR. As such, it has been referred to as being a ke ...

, 1989 * ''

Sargocentron megalops ''Sargocentron megalops'' is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is endemic to Pitcairn in the Central Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. ...

'' J. E. Randall, 1998 * '' Sargocentron melanospilos'' ( Bleeker, 1858) (Black-blotch squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron microstoma ''Sargocentron microstoma'', the fine-lined squirrelfish, slender squirrelfish or smallmouth squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae. It has a wide range throughout the Indo-Pacific from the Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles, and the M ...

'' ( Günther, 1859) (Small-mouth squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron poco ''Sargocentron poco'', the saddle squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of ''Sargocentron''. It is found in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean from the United States to the Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands () ...

'' (

, 1965) (Saddle squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron praslin ''Sargocentron praslin'', the dark-striped squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean, from East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, ...

'' (

, 1802) (Dark-striped squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron punctatissimum ''Sargocentron punctatissimum'' is a species of fish related to the squirrelfish Holocentrinae is a subfamily of Holocentridae containing 40 recognized species and one proposed species. Its members are typically known as squirrelfish and all ...

'' ( G. Cuvier, 1829) (Speckled squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron rubrum ''Sargocentron rubrum'', also known as redcoat, is a member of the family Holocentridae of the order Beryciformes The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 sp ...

'' ( Forsskål, 1775) (Red-coat squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron seychellense'' (

J. L. B. Smith James Leonard Brierley Smith (26 September 1897 – 8 January 1968) was a South African ichthyologist, organic chemist, and university professor. He was the first to identify a taxidermied fish as a coelacanth, at the time thought to be long ex ...

& M. M. Smith, 1963) (Yellow-tipped squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron shimizui ''Sargocentron shimuzui'', or Shimizu's squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus of Sargocentron. It is named after ichthyologist Takeshi Shimizu. It is known from only 2 specimens that were taken with dynamite in Sulaw ...

'' J. E. Randall, 1998 (Shimizu's squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron spiniferum ''Sargocentron spiniferum'', common name sabre squirrelfish, giant squirrelfish and spiny squirrelfish, is a large Indo-Pacific species of squirrelfish belonging to the family Holocentridae. Description ''Sargocentron spiniferum'' is the larges ...

'' ( Forsskål, 1775) (Sabre squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron spinosissimum'' ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (North Pacific squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron suborbitale ''Sargocentron'' is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian Ocean, Indian, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species diversity near reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Being largely ...

'' ( T. N. Gill, 1863) (Tinsel squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron tiere ''Sargocentron tiere'' or the blue-lined squirrelfish is one species of Squirrelfish from the Indo-Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 33 cm in length. Distribution This fish is found around ...

'' ( G. Cuvier, 1829) (Blue-lined squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron tiereoides ''Sargocentron tiereoides'', the pink squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the genus ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, from East Africa to the Line and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu ...

'' ( Bleeker, 1853) (Pink squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron vexillarium'' ( Poey, 1860) (Dusky squirrelfish) * ''

Sargocentron violaceum ''Sargocentron violaceum'', the violet squirrelfish, is a nocturnal species of squirrelfish in the genus ''Sargocentron''. It can be found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean from Aldabra and the Laccadive Islands to the Society Islands, ...

'' ( Bleeker, 1853) (Violet squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron wilhelmi'' ( F. de Buen, 1963) (Wilhelm's squirrelfish) * '' Sargocentron xantherythrum'' ( D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903) (Hawaiian squirrelfish)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q135715 Marine fish genera Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler