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''Saraca'' L. is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of flowering plants in the
family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Fabaceae (
legume A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry grain, the seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock fo ...
family) of about 20
plant Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all curr ...
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
of
tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s native to the lands from
India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...
, China and
Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
to
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
and Sulawesi. This plant can be grown outdoors in distinctly warm humid climates, and prefer a moist, well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter. It can also be grown within greenhouses. The trees themselves are grown for their clustered, upturned flowers in yellow, orange or red. The tree's flowers lack petals, having brightly colored
sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined ...
s, and have stamens projecting up to eight inches long. The leaves are
pinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, an ...
, with paired leaflets. Typically, these trees are accustomed to the shade of other trees. Most species of ''Saraca'' are associated with particular bodies of water. The species '' Saraca asoca'' is believed to be the tree under which
Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, he was born in ...
was born. Red saraca is the provincial tree of Yala province,
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
.


Species

Species include: * '' Saraca asoca'' or ashoka tree * ''
Saraca celebica ''Saraca celebica'' is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree found only in Sulawesi in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific ...
'' * ''
Saraca declinata ''Saraca declinata'', the red saraca or sorrowless tree, is a tree in genus ''Saraca'' belonging to the family Fabaceae. The species is found both in Thailand and Burma,Kress, W. John, DeFilipps, Robert A., Farr, Ellen, & Kyi, Daw Yin Yin. (2003 ...
'' * ''
Saraca dives ''Saraca dives'', is a tree species in genus ''Saraca'' belonging to the family Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,Saraca griffithiana ''Saraca griffithiana'' (in the family Fabaceae Lindl.) is a tree native to Yunnan Province of China and also to Burma (Myanmar). It is a forest tree sometimes attaining a height of 18 m (54 feet). It can be distinguished from the related ''Saraca ...
'' * ''
Saraca hullettii ''Saraca'' L. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae (legume family) of about 20 plant species of trees native to the lands from India, China and Ceylon to Malaysia and Sulawesi. This plant can be grown outdoors in distinctly w ...
'' * '' Saraca indica'' * ''
Saraca monodelpha ''Saraca'' L. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae (legume family) of about 20 plant species of trees native to the lands from India, China and Ceylon to Malaysia and Sulawesi. This plant can be grown outdoors in distinctly w ...
'' * '' Saraca thaipingensis'' * ''
Saraca tubiflora ''Saraca'' L. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae (legume family) of about 20 plant species of trees native to the lands from India, China and Ceylon to Malaysia and Sulawesi. This plant can be grown outdoors in distinctly w ...
''


Pests

''Saraca indica'' is host to the
peacock mite The peacock mites of the genus ''Tuckerella'' ( the only genus of the mite family Tuckerellidae) are a significant herbivorous pest in the tropics, for example on citrus fruit. Other species dwell in grasses, possibly as root feeders. The peaco ...
''Tuckerella channabasavannai''.


References

* De Wilde, W. J. J. O. (1985). ''Saraca tubiflora'', A New Species from West-central Sumatra (Caesalpinioideae). ''Blumea'' 30: 425-428. * Hooker, Joseph Dalton. (1879). ''The Flora of British India'', Vol II. London: L. Reeve & Co. * Mabberley, D. J. (1987). ''The Plant Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Higher Plants''. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambr ...
. . * Blaxell, D., Bryant, G., Francis, F., Greig, D., Guest, S., Moore, J., North, T., Paddison, V., Roberts, S., Rodd, T., Scholer, P., Segall, B., Stowar, J., Walsh, K. (2001) "The Firefly Encyclopedia of Trees and Shrubs." Willowdale, Ontario:
Firefly Books Ltd The Lampyridae are a family of elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production ...
. .


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2426272 Fabaceae genera