The is a mostly-underground rubber-tyred

rapid transit Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT) or heavy rail, commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas. A grade separation, grade separated rapid transit line below ground su ...

system in

Sapporo is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in Hokkaido, Japan. Located in the southwest of Hokkaido, it lies within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, a tributary of the Ishikari River. Sapporo is the capital ...

Hokkaido is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō fr ...

, Japan. Operated by the Sapporo City Transportation Bureau, it is the only subway system on the island of Hokkaido.

Lines

The system consists of three lines: the green Namboku Line (North–south line), orange Tozai Line (East–west line), and blue Tōhō Line (North East Line). The first, the Namboku Line, was opened in 1971 prior to the

1972 Winter Olympics The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the and commonly known as Sapporo 1972 (), were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside ...

. The Sapporo City Subway system operates out of two main hubs: Sapporo Station and Odori Station. Most areas of the city are within a reasonable walking distance or short bus ride from one of the subway stations. The three lines all connect at Odori Station. The Namboku Line and Tōhō Line lines connect with the

JR Hokkaido The is one of the constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group), and is often referred to by its official abbreviation: . It operates intercity and local rail services in Hokkaido, Japan. The company introduced Kitaca, a smart c ...

main lines at Sapporo Station. At Odori and Susukino stations, it connects to the streetcar (tram) above. The system has a total length of with 46 stations. Except for the section of the Namboku Line south of Hiragishi Station, tracks and stations are all underground. The aforementioned above-ground section is entirely covered, including stations, depot access tracks, and the depot south of Jieitai-Mae Station. In 2023, the system had a daily ridership of 597,400 which is roughly 96% of daily ridership numbers in 2019.

Technology

All lines of the subway use rubber-tired trains that travel on two flat roll ways, guided by a single central rail. This system is unique among subways in Japan and the rest of the world; while other rubber-tired metro networks, including smaller automated guideway transit lines such as the Port Liner, use guide bars, the Sapporo system does not because the central rail makes them superfluous (similar to some rubber-tyred trams, such as the Translohr and Bombardier Guided Light Transit). This rubber-tired system, combined with the heavy snowfall that Sapporo gets during winter, means that the system must be fully enclosed (including the southern elevated segment of the Namboku line); as a result, rolling stock cannot be fitted with air conditioning as it would otherwise trap hot air in the tunnels. There are differences between the technology used on the older Namboku Line and the newer Tōzai and Tōhō Lines. The Namboku Line uses a T-shaped guide rail, double tires, and

third rail A third rail, also known as a live rail, electric rail or conductor rail, is a method of providing electric power to a railway locomotive or train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a track (r ...

power collection, while the Tōzai and Tōhō Lines use an I-shaped guide rail, single tires, and

overhead line An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, Electric multiple unit, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union ...

power collection. The surface of the roll ways is constructed of

resin A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds, predominantly terpenes. Commo ...

(on the entirety of the Namboku Line and the central section of the Tōzai Line) and

steel Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to steel's high Young's modulus, elastic modulus, Yield (engineering), yield strength, Fracture, fracture strength a ...

(on the outer sections of the Tōzai Line and the entirety of the Tōhō Line).

Rolling stock

Current roilling stock

Namboku Line

5000 series (6-car formation with 4 doors per side, since 1997)

Tōzai Line

Sapporo Municipal Subway 8000 series (7-car formation with 3 doors per side, since 1998)

Tōhō Line

9000 series (4-car formation with 3 doors per side, since May 2015)

Former rolling stock

Namboku Line

* 1000/2000 series (2/4/6/8-car formation with 2 doors per side, from 1971 until 1999) * 3000 series (8-car formation with 2 doors per side, from 1978 until 2012)

Tōzai Line

6000 series (7-car formation with 3 doors per side, from 1976 until 2008)

Tōhō Line

* 7000 series (4-car formation with 3 doors per side, from 1988 until 2016)

Rolling stock gallery

File:Sapporo subway type1000.JPG, 1000 series (preserved) File:Sapporo Municipal Subway 3000 series.JPG, 3000 series File:ST SN5000 20061102 001.jpg, 5000 series File:Sapporo Subway 6102 20050717 t01.jpg, 6000 series File:Sapporo Subway 7116 20080714 h09 800.jpg, 7000 series File:Sapporo Subway 8901 20080601 t09 2.jpg, 8000 series File:Sapporo_9000_9001_Odori_20150521.jpg, 9000 series

Fares

Ticket prices range from 210 yen to 380 yen, depending on the distance to travel. All stations accept SAPICA, rechargeable IC cards which can be used as a fare card for the subway. Kitaca, a contactless smart card issued by JR Hokkaido, is also usable on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, as well as IC cards part of the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service, e.g. Suica and PASMO. However, this compatibility is unidirectional; SAPICA cannot be used on other rail networks. Day passes and discount passes can be purchased at ticket vending machines in stations. Prior to its discontinuation on March 31, 2015, prepaid "With You" magnetic cards could be used for the subway, streetcar and regular city routes offered by JR Hokkaido Bus, Hokkaido Chuo Bus, and Jotetsu Bus. Magnetic card functionality was superseded by SAPICA. One-day passes offer unlimited rides on the subway,

streetcar A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include s ...

, and regular city routes offered by the Chuo, Jotetsu, and JR Hokkaido Buses (excluding some suburban areas) on the day of purchase. A subway one-day card, for use only on the subway, is also available for 830 yen. Donichika tickets (ドニチカキップ, ''donichika kippu'', a

portmanteau In linguistics, a blend—also known as a blend word, lexical blend, or portmanteau—is a word formed by combining the meanings, and parts of the sounds, of two or more words together.

of 土日 ''donichi'' meaning "Saturday and Sunday" and 地下 ''chika'' meaning "underground") allow for unlimited one-day ride pass for the subway, and are only available on weekends and national holidays; they are sold for a lower price of 520 yen. Due to their identical functionality, subway one-day cards are unavailable on days where Donichika tickets are sold. Both are able to be purchased with cash only. Commuter passes, able to be loaded onto SAPICA, offer unlimited rides between specific stations during their period of validity. There are two types of commuter pass: one for those commuting to workplaces and one for students. Both are available for one-month or three-month periods, and can be newly purchased from commuter pass sales offices located at major stations. Standard SAPICA cards may be upgraded to a commuter pass through ticket vending machines. Commuter SAPICA cards automatically downgrade to standard SAPICA cards once the time period expires. Since 2025 April 26, EMV contactless credit cards can also be used as a ticket, powered by ''stera transit'', a transit ticketing system from SMBC. To access usage history, riders must register for an account with Q-Move by QUADRAC.

Shopping areas

There are two main shopping areas located underground, connected to the exits of three central stations on the Namboku line: Sapporo Station, Susukino Station, and Odori Station. Pole Town is an extensive shopping area that lies between Susukino and Odori stations. Aurora Town is a shopping arcade connected to Sapporo Station, linking some of the main shopping malls in Sapporo, such as Daimaru, JR Tower, and Stellar Place. In addition to the underground shopping corridors, an underground walkway also connects Odori Station to Bus Center Mae station and its neighboring bus center. There are few stores in this walkway.

Network Map

References

External links

Sapporo City Transportation Bureau

{{Hokkaidō transit Transport in Sapporo Organizations based in Sapporo Underground rapid transit in Japan 750 V DC railway electrification 1500 V DC railway electrification 1971 establishments in Japan