In
mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungus, fungi, including their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, genetics, biochemistry, biochemical properties, and ethnomycology, use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, Edible ...
, a sanctioned name is a
name
A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A person ...
that was adopted (but not necessarily coined) in certain works of
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (31 December 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a Cape Colony mycologist who is recognized as one of the founders of mycology, mycological Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy.
Early life
Persoon was born in Cape Colony at ...
or
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the Mycology, "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and li ...
, which are considered major points in
fungal
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the tradit ...
taxonomy.
Definition and effects
Sanctioned names are those, regardless of their authorship, that were used by Persoon in his ''
Synopsis Methodica Fungorum'' (1801) for
rusts,
smuts and
gasteromycetes, and in Fries's ''
Systema Mycologicum
Systema Mycologicum is a systematic classification of fungi drawn up in 1821 by the Swedish mycologist and botanist Elias Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is some ...
'' (three volumes, published 1821–1832) and ''
Elenchus fungorum'' for all other fungi.
[
A sanctioned name, as defined under article 15 of the '''' (previously, the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'') is automatically treated as if conserved against all earlier ]synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...
s or homonym
In linguistics, homonyms are words which are either; '' homographs''—words that mean different things, but have the same spelling (regardless of pronunciation), or '' homophones''—words that mean different things, but have the same pronunciat ...
s. It can still, however, be conserved or rejected normally.
History
Because of the imprecision associated with assigning starting dates for fungi sanctioned in Fries' three ''Systema'' volumes, the Stockholm
Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...
1950 International Botanical Congress
International Botanical Congress (IBC) is an international meeting of Botany, botanists in all scientific fields, authorized by the International Association of Botanical and Mycological Societies (IABMS) and held every six years, with the locatio ...
defined arbitrary or actual publication dates for the starting points to improve the stability of nomenclature. These dates were 1 May 1753 for ''Species Plantarum
' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genus, genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature ...
'' (vascular plants), 31 December 1801 for ''Synopsis Methodica Fungorum'', 31 December 1820 for ''Flora der Vorweldt'' (fossil plants), and 1 January 1821 for the first volume of ''Systema''. Because fungi defined in the second and third volumes lacked a starting-point book for reference, the Congress declared that these species, in addition to species defined in Fries' 1828 ''Elenchus Fungorum'' (a two-volume supplement to his ''System''), had "privileged status". According to Korf,Marinus Anton Donk
Marinus Anton Donk (14 August 1908 – 2 September 1972) was a Dutch mycology, mycologist. He specialized in the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and nomenclature of mushrooms. Rolf Singer wrote in his obituary that he was "one of the most outstandin ...
in 1961.Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
' 1753 ''Species Plantarum'' as the starting point for fungal nomenclature; however, protected status was given to all names adopted by Persoon in his 1801 ''Synopsis'', and by Fries in both the ''Systema'' and the ''Elenchus''.[May, T. W.; Redhead, S. A.; Bensch, K.; Hawksworth, D. L.; Lendemer, J.; Lombard, L.; Turland, N. J. (2019). Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants as approved by the 11th International Mycological Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 2018. ''IMA Fungus.'' 10(1): a21. ]
References
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanctioned Name
Botanical nomenclature
Mycology