The Vilayet of Salonica ( ota, ولايت سلانيك, Vilâyet-i Selânik) was a first-level administrative division (

vilayet A vilayet ( ota, , "province"), also known by #Names, various other names, was a first-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire. It was introduced in the Vilayet Law of 21 January 1867, part of the Tanzimat reform movement init ...

) of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

from 1867 to 1912. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of .Europe
by Éliseé Reclus, page 152 The vilayet was bounded by the Principality (later Kingdom), of

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Mac ...

on the north;

Eastern Rumelia Eastern Rumelia ( bg, Източна Румелия, Iztochna Rumeliya; ota, , Rumeli-i Şarkî; el, Ανατολική Ρωμυλία, Anatoliki Romylia) was an autonomous province (''oblast'' in Bulgarian, ''vilayet'' in Turkish) in the Otto ...

on the northeast (after the Treaty of Berlin);

Edirne Vilayet The Vilayet of Adrianople or Vilayet of Edirne ( ota, ولايت ادرنه; ''Vilâyet-i Edirne'') was a first-level administrative division ( vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. This vilayet was split between Turkey and Greece in 1923, culminating ...

on the east; the

Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans an ...

on the south; Monastir Vilayet and the independent sanjak of Serfije on the west (after 1881); the Kosovo Vilayet on the northwest. The vilayet consisted of present Central and Eastern parts of

Greek Macedonia Macedonia (; el, Μακεδονία, Makedonía ) is a geographic and former administrative region of Greece, in the southern Balkans. Macedonia is the largest and Greek geographic region, with a population of 2.36 million in 2020. It i ...

and Pirin Macedonia in

. Present Pirin Macedonia part of it was administrated as

kaza A kaza (, , , plural: , , ; ota, قضا, script=Arab, (; meaning 'borough') * bg, околия (; meaning 'district'); also Кааза * el, υποδιοίκησις () or (, which means 'borough' or 'municipality'); also () * lad, kaza , ...

s of Cuma-yı Bala, Petriç, Nevrekop, Menlik, Ropçoz and Razlık. It was dissolved after

Balkan Wars The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defe ...

and divided among

Kingdom of Greece The Kingdom of Greece ( grc, label=Katharevousa, Greek, Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος ) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic. It was internationally recognised by the Treaty of Constant ...

Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Prin ...

and

Tsardom of Bulgaria The Tsardom of Bulgaria was the name of the Bulgarian state from Simeon's assumption of the title of Tsar in 913 until the Fatherland Front's foundation of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946. It occurred in three distinct periods: b ...

in 1913.

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Vilayet:Selanik Vilayeti , Tarih ve Medeniyet
/ref> #

Sanjak of Selanik The Sanjak of Salonica or Selanik (Ottoman Turkish: ; el, λιβάς/σαντζάκι Θεσσαλονίκης) was a second-level Ottoman province (''sanjak'' or '' liva'') encompassing the environs of the city of Thessalonica (Salonica, Turkis ...

(

Thessaloniki Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its Thessaloniki metropolitan area, metropolitan area, and the capi ...

, Kesendire,

Karaferye Veria ( el, Βέροια or Βέρροια), officially transliterated Veroia, historically also spelled Berea or Berœa, is a city in Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia, northern Greece, capital of the regional unit of I ...

Vodina Edessa ( el, Έδεσσα, ; also known as the "''City of Waters and of the 5 Senses''"), until 1923 Vodena ( el, link=no, Βοδενά), is a city in northern Greece and the capital of the Pella regional unit, in the Central Macedonia region of ...

Yenice-i Vardar Giannitsa ( el, Γιαννιτσά , in English also Yannitsa, Yenitsa) is the largest city in the regional unit of Pella and the capital of the Pella municipality, in the region of Central Macedonia in northern Greece. The municipal unit Gia ...

, Langaza, Kılkış (It was also called Avrathisar),

Katrin Katrin is a feminine given name. It is a German and Swedish contracted form of Katherine. Katrin may refer to: Sports * Katrin Apel (born 1973), German biathlete *Katrin Beinroth (born 1981), German judoka *Katrin Borchert (born 1969), German- ...

, Aynaroz, Doyran, Usturumca, Tikveş, Gevgili) #

Sanjak of Siroz The Sanjak of Siroz or Serres (Ottoman Turkish: ''Sancak-i/Liva-i Siroz''; el, λιβάς/σαντζάκι Σερρών, bg, Серски Санджак) was a second-level Ottoman province ('' sanjak'' or '' liva'') encompassing the region aro ...

( Serez, Zihne, Demirhisar, Razlık, Cuma-yı Bala, Menlik, Nevrekop) # Sanjak of Drama (

Drama Drama is the specific Mode (literature), mode of fiction Mimesis, represented in performance: a Play (theatre), play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on Radio drama, radio or television.Elam (1980, 98). Considered as a g ...

Kavala Kavala ( el, Καβάλα, ''Kavála'' ) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos and on the Egnati ...

, Sarışaban, Taşoz (It was later promoted to sanjak), Pravişte, Dövlen) #Sanjak of Taşoz (It was initially part of Sanjak of Drama, its center was Vulgaro)

Demographics

According to the 1881/82-1893 Ottoman census the vilayet had a total population of 1.009.992 people, ethnically consisting as: * Turks - 450.456 *

Greeks The Greeks or Hellenes (; el, Έλληνες, ''Éllines'' ) are an ethnic group and nation indigenous to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea regions, namely Greece, Greek Cypriots, Cyprus, Greeks in Albania, Albania, Greeks in Italy, ...

- 282.013 *

Bulgarians Bulgarians ( bg, българи, Bǎlgari, ) are a nation and South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and the rest of Southeast Europe. Etymology Bulgarians derive their ethnonym from the Bulgars. Their name is not complete ...

- 231.606 *

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...

- 41.984 *

Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

- 2.654 *

Protestants Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

- 329 *

Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...

- 48 *Foreign citizens - 1.272 Vilayet of Selanik (1881) Boundaries and Ethnic Makeup

According to the 1906/07 Ottoman census the vilayet had a total population of 921,359 people, ethnically consisting as: *Muslims - 419.604 *Orthodox Greeks - 263.881 *Orthodox Bulgarians - 155.710 *Jews - 52.395 *Wallachians (

Vlachs "Vlach" ( or ), also "Wallachian" (and many other variants), is a historical term and exonym used from the Middle Ages until the Modern Era to designate mainly Romanians but also Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians and other Easte ...

) - 20.486 * Gypsies - 4.736 *Catholic Greeks - 2.693 *Oriental Armenians - 637 *Protestants - 329 *Catholic Armenians - 58 *

Latins The Latins were originally an Italic tribe in ancient central Italy from Latium. As Roman power and colonization spread Latin culture during the Roman Republic. Latins culturally "Romanized" or "Latinized" the rest of Italy, and the word Latin ...

- 31 *

Syrians Syrians ( ar, سُورِيُّون, ''Sūriyyīn'') are an Eastern Mediterranean ethnic group indigenous to the Levant. They share common Levantine Semitic roots. The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Syrian people is a blend of both indi ...

- 4 *Foreign citizens - 795 According to an estimate by Aram Andonian in 1908 there was the following ethnic distribution in the vilayet:Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913; Edward J. Erickson; Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003; p.41
/ref> *Orthodox Bulgarians - 446,050 *Muslim Turks - 333,440 *Orthodox Greeks - 168,500 * Muslim Bulgarians - 98,590 *Jews - 55,320 *Orthodox

- 24,970 *Muslim Gypsies - 22,200 *Mixed - 16,320

Governors

Mehmet Akif Pasha Mehmet Akif Pasha (1822–1893), also known as Arnavut Mehmet Akif Pasha (''Mehmet Akif Pasha the Albanian'') and Kalkandereli Mehmet Akif Pasha, was an Ottoman-Albanian statesman and governor of the Ottoman Empire. From the year 1860 to 189 ...

(June 1867 - February 1869) *

Mehmed Sabri Pasha Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muha ...

(February 1869 - September 1871) * Kekimbashi Ismail Pasha (September 1871 - May 1872) * Hurshid Pasha (May 1872 - August 1872) * Kücük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1st time) (August 1872 - May 1873) *

(3rd time) (May 1873 - September 1873) * Ahmed Midhat Sefik Pasha (October 1873 - February 1874) * Kücük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (2nd time) (February 1874 - September 1875) *

Baytar Mehmed Refet Pasha Hovtun ( hy, Հովտուն) is a village in the Amasia Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia. The village was originally inhabited by Azerbaijanis, then Greeks, and now Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an e ...

(December 1875 - June 1876) * Mustafa Esref Pasha (June 1876 - April 1877) * Cerkez Nusret Pasha (June 1877 - December 1877) * Ibrahim Halil Pasha (December 1877 - July 1878) * Halil Rifat Pasha (July 1878 - March 1880) *

Abidin Pasha Abidin, Abadin, or Abdin is both an Arabic male given name and surname, meaning "worshippers". Notable people with the name include: Given name * Abidin Dino (1913-1993), Turkish artist and painter * Zeynel Abidin Erdem, Turkish business tycoon * ...

(March 1880 - June 1880) * Lofçali Ibrahim Dervish Pasha (August 1880 - January 1882) * Ismail Hakki Pasha (March 1882 - September 1885) *

Hasan Hakki Pasha Hassan, Hasan, Hassane, Haasana, Hassaan, Asan, Hassun, Hasun, Hassen, Hasson or Hasani may refer to: People *Hassan (given name), Arabic given name and a list of people with that given name *Hassan (surname), Arabic, Jewish, Irish, and Scottis ...

(September 1885 - August 1886) *

Abdullah Galib Pasha Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...

(August 1886 - August 1891) *

Mustafa Zihni Pasha Mustafa Zihni Pasha (1838 Sulaimaniyah - 1929 Constantinople) was the son of a Baban prince, born in Sulaimaniyah he accompanied his father into exile to Constantinople. As an Ottoman Kurd Mustafa Zihni held a number of influential Ottoman admi ...

(October 1891 - November 1895) * Hasan Fehmi Pasha (1st time) (1895) * Ramazanoglu Hüseyin Riza Pasha (January 1896 - January 1899) * Haci Hasan Refik Pasha (January 1899 - May 1901) *

Biren Mahmud Tevfik Beg Mehmet Tevfik Biren (1867 – 1956) was an Ottoman government official and liberal politician, who was a member of the short-lived Ottoman Liberty Party. He was in favor of signing the Treaty of Sèvres. He was the son of an Ottoman bureaucrat ...

(May 1901 - May 1902) * Hasan Fehmi Pasha (2nd time) (May 1902 - September 1904) * Mehmed Sherif Ra'uf Pasha (September 1904 - August 1908) * Ali Danis Beg (August 1908 - September 1909) * Pirizade Ibrahim Hayrullah Bey (September 1909 - January 1912) *

Kadri Huseyin Kazim Bey Kadri may refer to: People * Kadri (name), a personal name Places * Kadri, Mangalore, a neighbourhood in Mangalore, India See also

* Kadiri, a place of Hindu pilgrimage in Andhra Pradesh, India * Balakadri, form of traditional music on the Ca ...

(January 1912 - 8 August 1912) *

Ali Ferid Pasha ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 common era, CE) was the last of four Rashidun, Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was ...

(August 1912 - September 1912)

Notes

References

* La Grande Encyclopédie, ''s.v.'' Salonique.

External links

* * {{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire, expanded = Vilayets Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Thessalonica 1867 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1912 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire