The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) is a group of

scientific researcher The scientific method is an Empirical evidence, empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has been referred to while doing science since at least the 17th century. Historically, it was developed through the centuries from the ancient and ...

s who have conducted a series of

clinical trial Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human subject research, human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel v ...

s of treatments for

prostate cancer Prostate cancer is the neoplasm, uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder. Abnormal growth of the prostate tissue is usually detected through Screening (medicine), screening tests, ...

. The group was founded in 1981 and the first study, SPCG-1, began in 1984.

Clinical trials

The studies conducted by the SPCG include the following: * SPCG-1 –

estramustine phosphate Estramustine phosphate (EMP), also known as estradiol normustine phosphate and sold under the brand names Emcyt and Estracyt, is a dual estrogen (medication), estrogen and chemotherapy medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer ...

versus

diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with ...

for high-risk advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-2 –

orchiectomy Orchiectomy (also named orchidectomy) is a surgery, surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed. The surgery can be performed for various reasons: *treatment for testicular cancer *as part of gender-affirming surgery for trans ...

plus

cyproterone acetate Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate, with ethinylestradiol under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication used in the tre ...

versus

placebo A placebo ( ) can be roughly defined as a sham medical treatment. Common placebos include inert tablets (like sugar pills), inert injections (like saline), sham surgery, and other procedures. Placebos are used in randomized clinical trials ...

for

metastatic prostate cancer Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder. Abnormal growth of the prostate tissue is usually detected through screening tests, typically blood tests that che ...

* SPCG-3 – cancelled * SPCG-4 –

radical prostatectomy Prostatectomy (from the Greek , "prostate" and , "excision") is the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. This operation is done for benign conditions that cause urinary retention, as well as for prostate cancer and for other ...

versus

watchful waiting Watchful waiting (also watch and wait or WAW) is an approach to a medical problem in which time is allowed to pass before medical intervention or therapy is used. During this time, repeated testing may be performed. Related terms include ''expe ...

for

localized prostate cancer Prostate cancer is the neoplasm, uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder. Abnormal growth of the prostate tissue is usually detected through Screening (medicine), screening tests, ...

* SPCG-5 – polyestradiol phosphate versus

triptorelin Triptorelin, sold under the brand name Decapeptyl among others, is a medication that acts as an agonist analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, repressing expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It is a ...

plus

flutamide Flutamide, sold under the brand name Eulexin among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used primarily to treat prostate cancer. It is also used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, hirsutism, excessive ...

for advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-6 –

bicalutamide Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer. It is typically used together with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or surgical remo ...

monotherapy versus standard care (watchful waiting) for

* SPCG-7 – endocrine therapy with versus without

radiotherapy Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle ...

for locally advanced or

aggressive Aggression is behavior aimed at opposing or attacking something or someone. Though often done with the intent to cause harm, some might channel it into creative and practical outlets. It may occur either reactively or without provocation. In h ...

* SPCG-8 – cancelled * SPCG-9 – cancelled * SPCG-10 – cancelled * SPCG-11 (Zometa European Study

EUS Eus ( in both French and Catalan) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Located just northeast of Prades, it had a population of 380 in 2021. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages d ...

–

zoledronic acid Zoledronic acid, also known as zoledronate and sold under the brand name Zometa among others, by Novartis among others, is a medication used to treat a number of bone diseases. These include osteoporosis, high blood calcium due to cancer, bon ...

with standard prostate cancer therapy versus standard prostate cancer therapy alone for prevention of bone metastases in high-risk

* SPCG-12 –

docetaxel Docetaxel (DTX or DXL), sold under the brand name Taxotere among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cel ...

versus surveillance after

without

androgen deprivation therapy Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), also called androgen ablation therapy or androgen suppression therapy, is an antihormone therapy whose main use is in treating prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells usually require androgen, androgen hormones, ...

for high-risk

* SPCG-13 –

versus surveillance after

with

for high-risk

* SPCG-14 –

versus

for prostate-specific antigen recurrence after

for

* SPCG-15 –

versus

plus

for locally advanced prostate cancer The SPCG-6 study was also known as Trial 25 of the Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) clinical trial programme.

Other work

The SPCG also published a 1997

literature review A literature review is an overview of previously published works on a particular topic. The term can refer to a full scholarly paper or a section of a scholarly work such as books or articles. Either way, a literature review provides the rese ...

combined androgen blockade Maximum or maximal androgen blockade (MAB) or complete or combined androgen blockade (CAB) is a medical treatment involving the combination of both androgen receptor (AR) antagonism and inhibition or suppression of androgen production to attain ma ...

for advanced prostate cancer.

References

{{Reflist Clinical trial organizations Evidence-based medicine International scientific organizations Prostate cancer

Clinical trials

Other work

See also

References