SM UB-110

SM ''UB-110'' was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I.

Construction

''UB-110'' was built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg. After just under a year of construction, it was launched at Hamburg on 1 September 1917 and commissioned in the spring of 1918 under the command of ''Kptlt.'' Werner Fürbringer. Like all Type UB III submarines, ''UB-110'' carried ten torpedoes and was armed with an deck gun, carried a crew of three officers and up to 31 men, and had a cruising range of . It had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged. Its engines enabled it to travel at when surfaced and when submerged.

Ships hit by UB-110

During its lifetime, UB-110 is confirmed to have torpedoed two ships, the ''Sprucol'' and the ''Southborough''. The ''Sprucol'' was a 1,137 GRT tanker being operated by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary at the time of engagement, when it was damaged off the English coast but made it back to the Humber with no casualties. The 3,709-ton civilian steamer ''Southborough'' was not to be so lucky, sunk 5 miles off the east coast of Scarborough on 16 July 1918 with the loss of 30 civilian lives.

Sinking

The submarine was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 23 March 1918 as SM ''UB-110''.

On 19 July 1918, while under the command of ''Kapitänleutnant'' Werner Fürbringer, ''UB-110'' was depth charged, rammed, and sunk near the Tees by , commanded by Charles Lightoller, the senior surviving crew member of the sinking of the ''RMS'' ''Titanic'' in 1912. This was possibly the last U-boat sinking during the Great War.Lightoller, C.
Titanic and Other Ships
', ch.44, eBook at Gutenberg of Australia

In his 1933 memoirs, Fürbringer alleged that, after the sinking, HMS ''Garry'' hove to and opened fire with revolvers and machine guns on the unarmed crew in the water. He states that he saw the skull of his 18-year old steward split open by a lump of coal hurled by a member of ''Garry's'' crew. He also states that when he attempted to help a wounded officer to swim, the man said, "Let me die in peace. The swine are going to murder us anyhow." The memoir states that the shooting ceased only when the convoy that the destroyer had been escorting, and that contained many neutral-flagged ships, arrived on the scene, at which point "as if by magic the British now let down some life boats into the water."

While Lightoller does not mention any massacre in his own recounting of the sinking, he does state that he "refused to accept the hands up air" business. Lightoller explained, "In fact it was simply amazing that they should have had the infernal audacity to offer to surrender, in view of their ferocious and pitiless attacks on our merchant ships. Destroyer versus Destroyer, as in the Dover Patrol, was fair game and no favour. One could meet them and take them on as a decent antagonist. But towards the submarine men, one felt an utter disgust and loathing; they were nothing but an abomination, polluting the clean sea." Lightoller claimed that he simply "left the rescue work to the others", and was more concerned about his own ship, which took serious damage in the ramming.

Lieutenant Commander Lightoller was awarded a bar to his Distinguished Service Cross for sinking ''UB-110''. Contradictory information exists about the numbers of ''UB-110''s crew lost, with Lightoller claiming 15 survivors with 13 lost, while a German account claims 13 survivors with 21 lost, most in the post-battle massacre. Official British records list 12 survivors.

According to historian P Armstrong, substantial uncertainty persist about the incident. This is due to the political climate around the publication of Fürbringer's memoirs, and the lack of earlier primary sources on the German side. According to Fürbringer's interrogation record, the large numbers of deaths were due to ships firing on the surfaced submarine as the crew tried to abandon ship, and a jammed hatch that caused a panic amongst the men. Armstrong suggests that a more likely culprit is not ''Garry'' but instead motor launches of the Auxiliary Patrol who claimed to have raked the stricken submarine with machine gun fire, a destroyer being unlikely to have the small arms available to conduct the massacre. Arndt, the steward Fürbringer reports as being killed by a block of coal, does not exist on the official German crew list.

Rescue operation

HMTBD ''Bonetta'' arrived late on the scene and picked up five survivors, including the captain, but one of them, the engineer officer, died on deck immediately after being taken out of the water. The German captain, despite the ordeal he had come through, proved himself to be a very self-possessed individual when examined in the chart room. He expressed the opinion that Germany would shortly win the war, but he was a long way out in his calculation, as Germany was defeated six weeks later. The ''Bonettas duties around that time had included picking up many, badly wounded, survivors, and dead, from fishing boats, which had been shelled by a German submarine, off the entrance to the Tyne. The crew of the ''Bonetta'' were not made aware of any massacre.

Boat raised

''UB-110'' was raised on 4 October 1918 and broken up at Swan Hunter shipyard on the Tyne. An album of photographs of the vessel has been shared by Tyne and Wear Archivesbr>"The sinking and raising of UB-110"

The British were unsettled by the discovery during its salvage was that some of its torpedoes were fitted with magnetic firing pistols—the first they were able to properly identify. These early examples were problematic, often detonating their weapons prematurely if at all.Admiralty. ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1918'', p. 150.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

*
*
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:UB110
German Type UB III submarines
World War I submarines of Germany
U-boats commissioned in 1918
1917 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Maritime incidents in 1918
U-boats sunk in 1918
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by British warships
World War I crimes by the British Empire and Commonwealth
World War I massacres
World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel