There is significant disagreement over the number of true
rose
A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...
species. Some species are so similar that they could easily be considered variations of a single species, while other species show enough variation that they could easily be considered to be different species. Lists of rose species usually show more than 320. The numbers 320 to 350 are the figures accepted by most botanists, but as Bailey has pointed out the extreme lumpers Bentham and Hooker only allowed for thirty species, while the extreme splitter Michel Gandoger allowed 4266 species just in Europe and western Asia.
Subgenera and sections
There are currently four subgenera in ''Rosa'' although there has been some disputes over the years. ', The genus Rosa (Rosoideae, Rosaceae) revisited: molecular analysis of nrITS-1 and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) versus conventional taxonomy, 2005
The four subgenera are:
*''Hulthemia'' (formerly ''Simplicifoliae'', meaning "with single leaves") containing one or two species from southwest
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
, '' R. persica'' and ''R. berberifolia'' (syn. ''R. persica'' var. ''berberifolia'') which are the only roses without
compound leaves
A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ste ...
or
stipule
In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...
s.
*''Hesperrhodos'' (from the
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
for "western rose") has two species, both from southwestern
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
. These are ''R. minutifolia'' and ''R. stellata''.
*''Platyrhodon'' (from the
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
for "flaky rose", referring to flaky bark) with one species from east Asia, ''R. roxburghii''.
*''Rosa'' (the type subgenus) containing all the other roses. This subgenus is subdivided into 11 sections.
**''Banksianae'' – white and yellow roses from
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
**''Bracteatae'' – three species, two from China and one from
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...
**''Caninae'' – pink and white species from
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
,
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
and
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
**''Carolinae'' – white, pink, and bright pink species all from
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
**''Chinensis'' – white, pink, yellow, red and mixed-color roses from China and
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
**''Gallicanae'' – pink to crimson and striped roses from western Asia and Europe
**''Gymnocarpae'' – a small group distinguished by a deciduous receptacle on the hip; one species in western North America (''R. gymnocarpa''), the others in east Asia
**''Laevigatae'' – a single white species from China
**''Pimpinellifoliae'' – white, pink, bright yellow, mauve and striped roses from Asia and Europe
**''Rosa'' (syn. sect. ''Cinnamomeae'') – white, pink, lilac, mulberry and red roses from everywhere but North Africa
**''Synstylae'' – white, pink, and crimson roses from all areas
Species
The following species are accepted:
*'' Rosa abietina'' Gren. ex Christ
*''
Rosa abrica
''Rosa abrica'' is a species of rose in the plant family Rosaceae, native to Iran.
''Rosa abrica'' is described as being largely similar to ''Rosa foetida'' but different in several significant traits such as the number of leaves, corymb inflore ...
Rosa abyssinica
''Rosa abyssinica''R.Br., 1814 ''In: Salt, Voy. Abyss. App. 64'' is the only rose native to Africa. Europeans first learned of the rose in the writings of 19th-century Scottish botanist Robert Brown. ''Rosa abyssinica'' is included in the genus ...
'' R.Br. ex Lindl.
*''
Rosa achburensis
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
'' Chrshan.
*''
Rosa acicularis
''Rosa acicularis'' is a flowering plant in the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as the prickly wild rose, prickly rose, bristly rose, wild rose or Arctic rose. It is a species of wild rose with a Holarctic distribution in northern regions o ...
'' Lindl. – arctic rose, prickly rose (''Rosa'')
*'' Rosa adenophylla'' Galushko
*''
Rosa agrestis
''Rosa agrestis'', the small-leaved sweet briar, field briar or fieldbriar, is a species of wild rose native to Europe, found mostly in southern Europe and occasionally as far as the Caucasus. Sources differ on whether it can be found in norther ...
'' Savi – fieldbriar (''Caninae'')
*'' Rosa alabukensis'' Tkatsch.
*''
Rosa alberti
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
*Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, G ...
Rosa arkansana
''Rosa arkansana'', the prairie rose or wild prairie rose, is a species of rose native to a large area of central North America, between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains from Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan south to New Mexico, Texa ...
Rosa balsamica
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
'' Willd.
*''
Rosa banksiae
''Rosa banksiae'', common names Lady Banks' rose, or just Banks' rose, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to central and western China, in the provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan, at alti ...
Rosa bella
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
*Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, G ...
Rosa canina
''Rosa canina'', commonly known as the dog rose, is a variable climbing, wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia.
Description
The dog rose is a deciduous shrub normally ranging in height from , though sometimes i ...
'' L. – dog rose (''Caninae'')
*''
Rosa carolina
''Rosa carolina'', commonly known as the Carolina rose, pasture rose, or prairie rose, is a perennial shrub in the rose family native to eastern North America. It can be found in nearly all US states and Canadian provinces east of the Great P ...
Rosa chinensis
''Rosa chinensis'' (), known commonly as the China rose, Chinese rose, or Bengal rose, is a member of the genus ''Rosa'' native to Southwest China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces. The first publication of ''Rosa chinensis'' was in 1768 ...
Rosa clinophylla
''Rosa clinophylla'' is a member of the genus ''Rosa'' native to the Himalayas, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
It is a large shrub growing to tall and it can grow in swampy areas such as the haors (or beel
A beel ( Bengali and Assamese: ...
Rosa corymbulosa
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa davidii
''Rosa davidii'' also known as Father David's rose, is a rose species in the family Rosaceae, originating from western to central China and South-East Tibet in altitudes between 1600 and 3000 m above sea level.
Description
''Rosa davidii'' is a ...
Rosa deseglisei
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
* Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
* 223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
* Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia ...
Rosa ermanica
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa filipes
''Rosa filipes'' is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to western China, in Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan.
It is a deciduous climbing shrub, growing to 3–5 m, rarely up to 9 m tall. The leaves are p ...
'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson
*''
Rosa foetida
''Rosa foetida'', known by several common names, including Austrian briar, Persian yellow rose, and Austrian copper rose, is a species of rose, native to the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains in Georgia. It has yellow flowers with a scent whic ...
Rosa freitagii
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa gallica
''Rosa gallica'', the Gallic rose, French rose, or rose of Provins, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the Caucasus. ''Rosa gallica'' was one of the first species of r ...
Rosa glabrifolia
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa gracilipes
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa gymnocarpa
''Rosa gymnocarpa'' is a species of rose native to western North America. It is known by the common names dwarf rose, baldhip rose, and wood rose. It grows in shady, damp, and rich forests.
Description
''Rosa gymnocarpa'' is a perennial shrub gr ...
Rosa heckeliana
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa hezhangensis
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa hirtula
''Rosa hirtula'', the sanshou-bara or Hakone rose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is found only in the vicinity of Mount Fuji and neighboring Mount Hakone in Japan, and is the town flower of Hakone
is a List of to ...
Rosa juzepczukiana
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
*Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, Ge ...
Rosa kunmingensis
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa laevigata
''Rosa laevigata'', the Cherokee rose, is a white, fragrant rose native to southern China and Taiwan south to Laos and Vietnam, and invasive in the United States.
Description
It is an evergreen climbing shrub, scrambling over other shrubs and ...
'' Michx. – Cherokee rose, camellia rose, Mardan rose (''Laevigatae'')
*'' Rosa langyashanica'' D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao
*'' Rosa lasiosepala'' F.P.Metcalf
*'' Rosa laxa'' Retz. – (''Rosa'')
*''
Rosa leschenaultiana
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
*Rosa (surname)
*wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
*Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Ger ...
Rosa majalis
''Rosa majalis'' (syn. ''R. cinnamomea'' sensu L. 1759, non 1753; ''R. cinnamomea'' auct. non L.; cinnamon rose; double cinnamon rose) is a species of deciduous shrubs in the genus ''Rosa'', native to forests of Europe and Siberia. It grows to 2 ...
Rosa micrantha
''Rosa micrantha'', the small-flowered sweet briar, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to most of Europe, the Atlas Mountains
The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa. It sep ...
Rosa moyesii
''Rosa moyesii'' is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to western China . Growing to tall by wide, it is a vigorous deciduous shrub, with plentiful matte green leaves and flat red or pink flowers, with yellow centr ...
Rosa multiflora
''Rosa multiflora'' — (syn. ''Rosa polyantha'') is a species of rose known commonly as multiflora rose, baby rose, Japanese rose, many-flowered rose, seven-sisters rose, Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in China, J ...
'' Thunb. – multiflora rose (''Synstylae'')
*'' Rosa murielae'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson
*'' Rosa nipponensis'' Crép.
*''
Rosa nitida
''Rosa nitida'', also known as the shining rose due to its glossy leaves (''nitidus'' is Latin for 'shining'), is a perennial species in the plant genus ''Rosa'' in the plant family Rosaceae. It is native to northeastern North America, from Conn ...
Rosa nutkana
''Rosa nutkana'', the Nootka rose, bristly rose, or wild rose is a perennial shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae).Rosa obtegens'' Galushko
*''
Rosa odorata
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
*Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
*Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, G ...
Rosa oxyacantha
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
* Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
* 223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
* Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia ...
'' M.Bieb.
*''
Rosa oxyodon
''Rosa oxyodon'' is a species of wild rose native to the Caucasus. It is closely related to ''Rosa pendulina''.
There have been various hypotheses about its evolutionary origin. According to one, it originated from the ancestor of ''R. pendulina' ...
Rosa palustris
''Rosa palustris'', the swamp rose, is a shrub in the rose family native to much of eastern North America. It can be found from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the north, south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Ontario. It is a host of ...
Rosa pendulina
''Rosa pendulina'', (syn. ''Rosa alpina''), the Alpine rose or mountain rose, is a species of wild rose found in the mountains of central and southern Europe. It appears to have survived in glacial refugia in the Alps and Carpathians, and spread ...
Rosa persica
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
* Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
* 223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
* Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia ...
Rosa pouzinii
''Rosa pouzinii'' is a species of wild rose native to Mediterranean Europe. It is found in Spain, Portugal, southern France, parts of Italy, and the larger Western Mediterranean islands: Mallorca, Sardinia, Corsica and Sicily. There have bee ...
Rosa roxburghii
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
* Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
* 223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
* Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia ...
'' Tratt. – chestnut rose, burr rose (''Platyrhodon'')
*''
Rosa rubiginosa
''Rosa rubiginosa'' (sweet briar, sweetbriar rose, sweet brier or eglantine; syn. ''R. eglanteria'') is a species of rose native to Europe and western Asia.
Description
It is a dense deciduous shrub 2–3 meters high and across, with the stems ...
'' L. – sweetbriar, eglantine (''Caninae'')
*'' Rosa rubus'' H.Lév. & Vaniot
*''
Rosa rugosa
''Rosa rugosa'' (rugosa rose, beach rose, Japanese rose, Ramanas rose, or letchberry) is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in northeastern China, Japan, Korea and southeastern Siberia, where it grows on beach coasts, often on sand dunes ...
Rosa sericea
''Rosa sericea'', the silky rose, is a species of flowering plant.
The closely related '' Rosa omeiensis'' is sometimes treated as a subspecies of ''R. sericea''.
Distribution
It is native to south-western China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunn ...
'' Lindl. – winged rose (''Pimpinellifoliae'')
*'' Rosa sertata'' Rolfe
*''
Rosa setigera
''Rosa setigera'', commonly known as the climbing rose, prairie rose, and climbing wild rose, is a species of shrub or vine in the Rosaceae (rose) family native to central and eastern North America.
Description
''R. setigera'' has trailing or ...
Rosa soulieana
''Rosa soulieana'', or Soulié's rose (川滇蔷薇 chuan dian qiang wei), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to China (southern Anhui, Chongqing, Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan).
Growing to tall by broad, it is an extre ...
'' Crép. – (''Synstylae'')
*''
Rosa spinosissima
''Rosa pimpinellifolia'', the burnet rose, is a species of rose native to western, central and southern Europe (north to Iceland and Norway) and northwest Africa.
Habitat
It is generally restricted to sand dunes or limestone pavements and typica ...
Rosa stellata
''Rosa stellata'' is a species of rose known by the common names desert rose, gooseberry rose, and star rose. In Texas this type of rose grows on dry rocky places to , such as the Trans-Pecos. It occurs in the mountain canyons of Arizona and New ...
'' Wooton – gooseberry rose, Sacramento rose (''Hesperrhodos'')
*''
Rosa stylosa
''Rosa stylosa'', the short-styled field rose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae
Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.
The name is de ...
Rosa virginiana
''Rosa virginiana'', commonly known as the Virginia rose, common wild rose or prairie rose, is a woody perennial in the rose family native to eastern North America, where it is the most common wild rose. It is deciduous, forming a suckering shru ...
Rosa webbiana
''Rosa webbiana'', occasionally called Webb's rose, wild rose, or thorny rose, is a widely distributed species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae
Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes ...
Rosa willmottiae
''Rosa willmottiae'', Miss Willmott's rose or Willmott's rose, is a species in the genus ''Rosa'' in the plant family Rosaceae. It grows at an altitude of in dry valleys in western Sichuan, China. It forms an arching deciduous shrub high, and ...
Garden roses
Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. An enormous number ...
*
Rose garden
A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses, and sometimes rose species. Most often it is a section of a larger garden. Designs vary tremendously and roses m ...
*
Rose trial grounds
Rose trial grounds or rose test gardens are agricultural areas where garden roses are grown to be assessed for qualities such as health, floriferousness, novelty, and scent.
Roses on trial are usually considered for awards of merit or medals at ...
*
ADR rose
An ADR rose is a winner in the German ADR rose trial grounds, rose trial (''Allgemeine Deutsche Rosenneuheitenprüfung''). No chemical pesticides have been allowed since 1997 and breeders often describe the trial as among the most challenging in th ...
*
Rose show A rose show is a horticultural exhibition focusing exclusively on roses.
History
United Kingdom
Initially in the UK roses were exhibited in general flower shows such as those run by the Royal Horticultural Society. Judges were appointed by w ...
*
List of Award of Garden Merit roses
The following is a selected list of rose varieties and cultivars which currently (2017) hold the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
List of roses
This sortable list allows users to view roses alphabetically by breeder, colour, e ...
Rosa
Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:
People
*Rosa (given name)
* Rosa (surname)
*Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose)
Places
*223 Rosa, an asteroid
* Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States
* Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, ...