''Rhododendron ferrugineum'', the alpenrose, snow-rose, or rusty-leaved alpenrose is an
evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, whic ...
shrub that grows just above the
tree line
The tree line is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually cold temperatures, extreme snow ...
in the
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
,
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...
,
Jura and northern
Apennines
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; grc-gre, links=no, Ἀπέννινα ὄρη or Ἀπέννινον ὄρος; la, Appenninus or – a singular with plural meaning;''Apenninus'' (Greek or ) has the form of an adjective, which wou ...
, on acid soils. It is the type species for the genus ''Rhododendron''.
Description
''Rhododendron ferrugineum'' may grow up to tall and produces clusters of pinkish-red, bell-shaped flowers throughout the summer. The undersides of the leaves are covered in rust-brown spots, which give the species the second part of its
binomial name
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bo ...
(''
ferrugineum'',
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
for 'rust-coloured, ferruginous'). This is in contrast to ''
Rhododendron hirsutum'', which has no such brown colouring, has hairy edges to the leaves and grows over
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms w ...
. Where the two species co-occur (usually on soils of intermediate
pH), the
hybrid ''Rhododendron × intermedium'' may occur; as its name suggests, it is intermediate in form between the two parental species.
Habitat
''Rhododendron ferrugineum'' grows primarily on acidic siliceous soils, whereas its close relative ''
Rhododendron hirsutum'' grows on basic carbonate-rich soils. These two types of soils frequently occur near each other in the Alps.
Toxicity
''Rhododendron ferrugineum'' is moderately
toxic
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a sub ...
, containing
arbutin,
arecoline and
rhodoxanthin
Rhodoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment with a purple color that is found in small quantities in a variety of plants including ''Taxus baccata'' and ''Lonicera morrowii''. It is also found in the feathers of some birds. As a food additive it is us ...
, and can cause
vomiting
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
Vomiting can be the result of ailments like food poisoning, gastroenter ...
, and difficulties of the
digestive,
nervous,
respiratory and
circulatory system
The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, tha ...
s.
Rhododendron (Alpen Rose - Snow-rose - Rusty-leaved Alpenrose)
/ref>
References
External links
ferrugineum
Alpine flora
Flora of the Alps
Flora of Andorra
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of the Pyrenees
{{Ericaceae-stub